Juniper Network, Inc. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Form 8 K

Juniper Network, Inc.

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Description of the matter		As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's contracts with customers sometimes contain multiple performance obligations, which are accounted for separately if they are distinct. In such cases, the transaction price is then allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis and revenue is recognized when control of the distinct performance obligation is transferred. For example, product revenue is recognized at the time of hardware shipment or delivery of software license, and support revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed. Auditing the Company's revenue recognition was challenging, specifically related to identifying and determining the distinct performance obligations and the associated timing of revenue recognition. For example, there were nonstandard terms and conditions that required judgment to determine the distinct performance obligations and the impact on the timing of revenue recognition.
How we addressed the matter in our audit		We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company's revenue recognition process, including controls to identify and determine the distinct performance obligations and the timing of revenue recognition. Among the procedures we performed to test the identification and determination of the distinct performance obligations and the timing of revenue recognition, we read the executed contract and purchase order to understand the arrangement, identified the performance obligation(s), determined the distinct performance obligations, and evaluated the timing and amount of revenue recognized for a sample of individual sales transactions. We evaluated the accuracy of the Company's contract summary documentation, specifically related to the identification and determination of distinct performance obligations and the timing of revenue recognition.
Inventory Valuation & Contract Manufacturer Liabilities
Description of the matter		As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company's inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company's inventory balance totaled $1.0 billion on December 31, 2023. The Company records a loss provision when inventory is determined to be in excess of anticipated demand, or considered obsolete, to adjust inventory to its estimated realizable value. The Company records a liability and recognizes a corresponding loss for non-cancellable inventory purchase commitments with contract manufacturers that are in excess of the Company's demand forecasts, or that are considered obsolete ("contract manufacturer liability"). Auditing management's assessment of net realizable value for inventory, and contract manufacturer liabilities was complex and highly judgmental due to the assessment of management's estimates of forecasted product demand, which can be impacted by changes in overall customer demand, changes in the timing of the introduction and customer adoption of new products, adjustments to manufacturing and engineering schedules, and overall economic and market conditions.
How we addressed the matter in our audit		We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company's determination of the net realizable value of inventory and the contract manufacturer liability. This included controls over the determination of forward-looking demand and production forecasts, and the evaluation of the accuracy and completeness of the inventory provision and contract manufacturer liability. To test the inventory provision and contract manufacturer liability, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the Company's methodology over the computation of the loss provision and liability, testing the significant assumptions and the underlying inputs used by the Company in its analysis including historical sales trends, expectations regarding future sales, changes in the Company's business, customer base and other relevant factors.

Juniper Networks, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In millions, except per share amounts)

(1)	The prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

(2)	Privately-held investments represent investments in privately-held debt, redeemable preferred stock securities, and equity investments without readily determinable fair value. Refer to Note 2, Cash Equivalents and Investments.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In millions)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions, except par values)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In millions)

(1)	The prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

(In millions, except per share amounts)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Juniper Networks, Inc. (the "Company" or "Juniper") designs, develops, and sells products and services for high-performance networks, to enable customers to build scalable, reliable, secure and cost-effective networks for their businesses, while achieving agility and improved operating efficiency through automation. Juniper challenges the inherent complexity that comes with networking in the multicloud era. Juniper does this with products, solutions and services that transform the way people connect, work and live. Juniper simplifies the process of transitioning to a secure and automated multicloud environment to enable secure, AI-driven networks that connect the world.

Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements, which include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, to determine the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Change in Accounting Estimate

In December 2023, the Company completed an assessment of the useful lives of certain property and equipment. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company has increased the expected useful life of certain lab equipment from 3-5 years to 7 years to better reflect the economic value of our assets. The Company considered several factors in making this change, including current and historical usage patterns, as well as expected technology and overall changes in our product roadmap. This change in estimate will be applied prospectively beginning in the first quarter of 2024.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, highly liquid investments in money market funds, commercial paper, government securities, certificates of deposits, time deposits, and corporate debt securities, which are readily convertible into cash. All highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from Juniper's purchase date are classified as cash equivalents.

Investments in Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The Company's investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and include the Company's fixed income securities and investments in privately-held companies, consisting of debt and redeemable preferred stock securities.

Fixed income securities primarily consist of corporate debt securities, U.S. treasury securities, time deposits, asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, certificate of deposits, commercial paper, U.S. government agency securities, and foreign government debt securities. Fixed income securities are initially recorded at cost and periodically adjusted to fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company periodically evaluates these investments to determine if impairment charges are required. The Company determines whether a credit loss exists for available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position. When the fair value of a security is below its amortized cost, the amortized cost will be reduced to its fair value and the resulting loss will be recorded in Consolidated Statements of Operations, if it is more likely than not that we are required to sell the impaired security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or we have the intention to sell the security. If neither of these conditions are met, the Company considers the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and review of the issuer's financial statements. If factors indicate a credit loss exists, an allowance for credit loss is recorded through other expense, net, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

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The Company's privately-held debt and redeemable preferred stock securities are included in other long-term assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are recorded at fair value. In determining the estimated fair value of such securities, the Company utilizes the most recent data available for the investee including known acquisition offers and subsequent funding rounds. The Company periodically evaluates these securities for indicators of impairment, including the inability to recover a portion of or the entire carrying amount of the investment, the inability of the investee to sustain earnings, the reduction in or termination of financial commitment to the investee from other investors, the intention to sell the investment, and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis. If the Company determines that the decline in an investment's value indicates credit losses, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss in its Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For all available-for-sale debt securities, unrealized gains and the amount of unrealized loss relating to factors other than credit loss are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Investments in Equity Securities

The Company's investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values consist of money market funds, amounts under the non-qualified compensation plan ("NQDC") that are invested in mutual funds, and investments in public companies. These investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values include the Company's investments in privately-held companies consisting of non-redeemable preferred stock and common stock securities. The Company accounts for these securities at cost, adjusted for changes from observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, less impairments. Fair value of these equity securities is reassessed when the Company identifies observable price changes indicating that an adjustment upward or downward to the carrying value is necessary. Any observable changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as of the date that the observable transaction took place. In addition, the Company periodically evaluates equity securities without readily determinable fair values to determine if impairment charges are required by evaluating whether an event or change in circumstance has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. A qualitative assessment is performed each reporting period to assess whether there are any impairment indicators, including, but not limited to, significant deterioration in the investee's earnings performance; credit rating; asset quality or business prospects; adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment; change in the general market condition of the geographic area or industry; acquisition offers; and the ability to continue as a going concern. If such indicators are present, the Company estimates the fair value of impaired investments and recognizes an impairment loss in the Consolidated Statement of Operations equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value.

The Company accounts for investments in companies over which it has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have control over the investee, under the equity method of accounting. The investment is initially measured at fair value and subsequently adjusted for any impairment, investee capital transactions, dividend received, plus or minus the Company's proportionate share of the equity method investee's income or loss. The Company records its interest in the net earnings or loss of its equity method investment along with adjustments for unrealized profits or losses on intra-entity transactions, within its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depending on the timing of such financial statements of the investee, there may be a lag between the timing of such financial statement and the Company's quarter-end date. For the Company's sole equity method investment as of December 31, 2023, the Company's share of the investee's net earnings or loss is recorded two months in arrears. The Company records an impairment when factors indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable.

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Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it transacts, and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. These inputs are valued using market-based approaches.

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company's assumptions. These inputs, if any, are valued using internal financial models.

Derivative Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments, primarily foreign currency forward and interest rate contracts, to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative or trading purposes.

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts or options contracts to hedge certain forecasted foreign currency transactions relating to operating expenses. These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges, which are carried at fair value with the derivative's gain or loss initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, and upon occurrence of the forecasted transaction, is subsequently reclassified into the costs of services or operating expense line item to which the hedged transaction relates. Cash flows from such hedges are classified as operating activities.

The Company also uses foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate variability in gains and losses generated from the re-measurement of certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies. These derivatives are carried at fair value with changes recorded in other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same period as the changes in the fair value from the re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. Cash flows from such derivatives are classified as operating activities.

The Company uses interest rate swap contracts to convert certain of our fixed interest rate notes to floating interest rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). All interest rate swap contracts will expire within seven years. The change in fair value of the derivative instrument substantially offsets the change in the fair value of the hedged item. These derivatives are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same section as the underlying item.

The Company uses interest rate lock contracts, which fix the benchmark interest rates of future debt issuance. The Company records changes in fair value of these contracts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets, in the period of change. When the forecasted transaction occurs, the Company will start to amortize the accumulated gains or losses included as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) related to the interest rate lock cash flow hedges to interest expense. In the event the underlying forecasted transaction does not occur, or it becomes probable that it will not occur, the gains or losses on the related cash flow hedge from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be reclassified to other income and expense within the income statement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company terminated these interest rate lock contracts. Refer to Note 4, Derivative Instruments.

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The Company presents its derivative assets and derivative liabilities on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, under agreements containing provisions on set-off with certain counterparties, subject to applicable requirements, the Company is allowed to net-settle transactions, with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. The Company is neither required to pledge nor entitled to receive cash collateral related to these derivative transactions.

Inventory

Inventory consists primarily of component parts to be used in the manufacturing process and finished goods, and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. In addition, the Company purchases and holds inventory to provide adequate component supplies over the life of the underlying products. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. A charge is recorded to cost of product when inventory is determined to be in excess of anticipated demand or considered obsolete. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in the newly established cost basis.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company evaluates classification of leases as either operating or finance at commencement and, as necessary, at modification. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any finance leases. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, other accrued liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized on the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or a rate, are expensed as incurred and are not included within the ROU asset and lease liability calculation. Variable lease payments primarily include reimbursements of costs incurred by lessors for common area maintenance and utilities. The Company's lease terms are the noncancelable period, including any rent-free periods provided by the lessor, and include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. At lease inception, and in subsequent periods as necessary, the Company estimates the lease term based on its assessment of extension and termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components for all underlying classes of assets. In addition, the Company does not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which have a lease term of twelve months or less and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

Lease cost for short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

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Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, over the estimated useful lives of the following assets:

(*)	Effective January 1, 2024, we increased the expected useful life of certain lab equipment from 3-5 years to 7 years to better reflect the economic value of our assets.

Land is not depreciated. Construction-in-process is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for their intended use.

Business Combinations

The purchase price of an acquired entity is allocated to tangible assets, liabilities, and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. The determination of the value of the intangible assets acquired involves certain estimates, such as expected future cash flows, which include consideration of future growth rates and margins, attrition rates, future changes in technology, discount rates, and the expected use of the acquired assets. These factors are also considered in determining the useful life of the acquired intangible assets. Acquisition related expenses are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred. The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include the operating results of acquired businesses from the date of each acquisition.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on November 1 or more frequently if certain circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill is impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. A qualitative assessment is first performed to determine whether it is necessary to quantitatively test goodwill for impairment. This initial assessment includes, among others, consideration of macroeconomic conditions and financial performance. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, a quantitative analysis is performed by determining the fair value of the reporting unit using a combination of the discounted cash flow and the market approaches. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. A goodwill impairment loss is recognized for the amount that the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Intangible assets consist of existing technology, customer relationships, and trade name, which are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method and estimated useful lives of 4 or 5 years.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, ROU assets, and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset, or asset group, to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, or asset group. An impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, or asset group, exceeds its fair value.

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Warranty Reserves

The Company generally offers a one-year warranty or limited life-time warranty on most of its hardware products, and a 90-day warranty on the media that contains the software embedded in the products. Warranty costs are recognized as part of the Company's cost of sales based on associated material costs, logistics costs, labor costs, and overhead at the time revenue is recognized. Material costs are estimated primarily based upon the historical costs to repair or replace product returns within the warranty period. Labor, logistics, and overhead costs are estimated primarily based upon historical trends in the cost to support customer cases within the warranty period. Warranty reserve is reported within other accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract Manufacturer Liabilities

The Company establishes a liability for non-cancelable, non-returnable purchase commitments with its contract manufacturers for carrying charges, quantities in excess of its demand forecasts, or obsolete material charges for components purchased by the contract manufacturers to meet the Company's demand forecast or customer orders. The demand forecasts are based upon historical trends and analysis, adjusted for overall market conditions.

Loss Contingencies

The Company is subject to the possibility of various loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. Management considers the likelihood of loss related to the occurrence of a liability as well as its ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required.

Foreign Currency

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations with non-U.S. Dollar functional currency are translated to U.S. Dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period. Revenue and expenses are translated to U.S. Dollars using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets in the stockholders' equity section as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company remeasures monetary assets and monetary liabilities in non-functional currencies and records the resulting foreign exchange transaction gains and losses in other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by following a five-step process, (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price, and (5) recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation, as further described below.

Identify the contract with a customer. The Company generally considers a sales contract and/or agreement with an approved purchase order as a customer contract provided that collection is considered probable, which is assessed based on the creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks, payment histories, and/or other circumstances. The Company combines contracts with a customer if contracts are negotiated with a single commercial substance or contain price dependencies.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Product performance obligations include hardware, software licenses including perpetual and term-based licenses, and service performance obligations including maintenance services, Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS"), education and training, and professional services.

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Determine the transaction price. The transaction price for the Company's contracts with its customers consists of both fixed and variable consideration, provided it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur when the uncertainty related to variable consideration is resolved. Fixed consideration includes amounts to be contractually billed to the customer while variable consideration includes estimates for rights of return, rebates, and price protection, which are based on historical sales returns and price protection credits, specific criteria outlined in rebate agreements, and other factors known at the time. The Company generally invoices customers for hardware, software licenses and related maintenance arrangements at time of delivery, and professional services either upfront or upon meeting certain milestones. Customer invoices are generally due within 30 to 90 days after issuance. The Company's contracts with customers typically do not include significant financing components as the period between the transfer of performance obligations and timing of payment are generally within one year.

Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price ("SSP") basis. SSP is based on multiple factors including, but not limited to historical discounting trends for products and services, pricing practices in different geographies and through different sales channels, gross margin objectives, internal costs, competitor pricing strategies, and industry technology lifecycles.

Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Revenue for hardware and certain software licenses, are recognized at a point in time, which is generally upon shipment or delivery. Certain software licenses are recognized on a ratable basis over the term of the license. Revenue for maintenance services and SaaS is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term. Revenue from education, training, and professional services is recognized as services are completed or ratably over the contractual period of generally one year or less.

Deferred product revenue represents unrecognized revenue related to undelivered product commitments and other shipments that have not met revenue recognition criteria. Deferred service revenue represents billed amounts for service contracts, which include technical support, hardware and software maintenance, professional services, SaaS, and education and training, for which services have not been rendered.

Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Deferred Contract Costs

Sales commissions earned by the Company's sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company capitalizes these costs, for which the transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates will occur in future periods. These costs are recorded as prepaid expenses or other long-term assets and are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit which is typically over the term of the customer contracts. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Research and Development

Costs to research, design, and develop the Company's products are expensed as incurred.

Software Development Costs

Capitalization of software development costs for software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed begins when a product's technological feasibility has been established and ends when a product is available for general release to customers. Generally, the Company's products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. As a result, costs incurred between achieving technological feasibility and product general availability have not been significant.

The Company capitalizes costs associated with internal-use software systems during the application development stage. Such capitalized costs include external direct costs incurred in developing or obtaining the applications and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees, who are directly associated with the development of the applications.

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Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Costs to produce advertising were approximately $4.9 million for 2023, and $7.4 million for 2022 and 2021. Costs to communicate advertising totaled approximately $25.9 million, $30.0 million, and $26.6 million, for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation cost for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options, restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance share awards ("PSAs") and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). For service condition only awards, share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the underlying awards and amortized on a straight-line basis. For PSAs, share-based compensation expense is amortized on a straight-line basis for each separate vesting portion of the awards. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes-Merton ("BSM") option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of its ESPP purchase rights. The BSM model requires various highly subjective assumptions that represent management's best estimates of volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life, and dividend yield. The Company estimates expected volatility based on the implied volatility of market-traded options, on the Company's common stock, adjusted for other relevant factors including historical volatility of the Company's common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of the Company's ESPP. The expected life of ESPP purchase rights approximates the offering period.

The Company determines the grant date fair value of its RSUs, RSAs, and PSAs based on the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant, adjusted by the present value of the dividends expected to be paid on the underlying shares of common stock during the requisite and derived service period as these awards are not entitled to receive dividends until vested.

For market-based RSUs, the Company estimates the fair value and derived service period using the Monte Carlo simulation option pricing model ("Monte Carlo model"). The determination of the grant date fair value and derived service periods using the Monte Carlo model is affected by the Company's stock price, comparative market-based returns, as well as various highly subjective assumptions that represent management's best estimates of volatility, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. The Company estimates expected volatility based on the implied volatility of market-traded options, on the Company's common stock, adjusted for other relevant factors, including historical volatility of the Company's common stock over the contractual life of the Company's market-based RSUs.

Provision for Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company classifies the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes. The Company accounts for the current impacts of U.S. tax on certain foreign subsidiaries income, which is referred to as Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, in the year earned.

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Concentrations of Risk

Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, derivatives, and accounts receivable. The Company invests only in high-quality credit instruments and maintains its cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale investments in fixed income securities with several high-quality institutions. Deposits held with banks, including those held in foreign branches of global banks, may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. We mitigate the concentration of credit risk in our investment portfolio through diversification of the investments in various industries and asset classes, and limits to the amount of credit exposure to any single issuer and credit rating.

The Company's derivatives expose it to credit risk to the extent that counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company has a risk assessment and mitigation framework to evaluate the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk. As part of this risk mitigation framework, the Company transacts with major financial institutions with high credit ratings and also enters into master netting agreements, which permit net settlement of the transactions with the same counterparty. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. Therefore, the Company does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.

Generally, credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is diversified due to the number of entities comprising the Company's customer base and their dispersion across different geographic locations throughout the world. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenues.

The Company relies on sole suppliers for certain critical components such as application-specific integrated circuits. Additionally, the Company relies primarily on a limited number of significant independent contract manufacturers and original design manufacturers for the production of its products. The inability of any supplier or manufacturer to fulfill supply requirements of the Company could negatively impact future operating results.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures: In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07), which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on its disclosures.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which expands the disclosures required for income taxes. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendment should be applied on a prospective basis while retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on its disclosures.

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Note 2. Cash Equivalents and Investments

Investments in Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The following table summarizes the Company's unrealized gains and losses and fair value of investments designated as available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

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The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company's total fixed income securities as of December 31, 2023 (in millions):

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an unrealized loss of $1.9 million from 93 fixed income available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The gross unrealized losses related to these investments were primarily due to changes in market interest rates. The Company anticipates that it will recover the entire amortized cost basis of such available-for-sale debt securities and has determined that no allowance for credit losses was required to be recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an allowance for credit loss of $8.3 million on privately-held debt and redeemable preferred stock investments. The unrealized loss represents the difference between the estimated fair value and the cost of the investment. The determination of fair value was based on quantitative and qualitative analysis including factors such as the near-term prospects of the investee in the market in which it operates and evaluating the investee's financial condition in relation to its outstanding obligations. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no unrealized losses related to Company's privately-held debt and redeemable preferred stock investments.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no material gross realized gains or losses from available-for-sale debt securities. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had gross realized gains of $15.3 million and no material gross realized losses from available-for-sale debt securities.

Investments in Equity Securities

The following table presents the Company's investments in equity securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):

During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, there were no material unrealized gains or losses recognized for equity investments with readily determinable fair values.

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During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no material unrealized gains and $89.9 million unrealized losses for equity investments without readily determinable fair value. The unrealized losses represent the difference between the estimated fair values and the carrying values of equity investments without readily determinable fair value. The Company estimated the fair value of these investments based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. This analysis involved use of judgment, significant estimates and assumptions, such as the near-term prospects of the investee in the market in which it operates, evaluating the investee's financial condition in relation to its outstanding obligations, and probabilities of securing additional capital through various alternative scenarios. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no material unrealized gains or losses recognized for equity investments without readily determinable fair value.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's ownership in the investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting represented approximately 24.1% and 25.0%, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the loss recognized from the equity method investment was $9.6 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

Restricted Cash and Investments

The Company has restricted cash and investments for: (i) amounts under the Company's non-qualified deferred compensation plan for senior-level employees; (ii) amounts held under the Company's short-term disability plan in California; and (iii) amounts held in escrow accounts, as required in connection with certain acquisitions. Restricted investments consist of equity investments. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of restricted cash and investments was $54.3 million, of which $16.4 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $37.9 million was included in other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

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Note 3. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table provides a summary of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):

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The Company's Level 2 available-for-sale debt securities are priced using quoted market prices for similar instruments or non-binding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data. The Company uses inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency which are obtained from quoted market prices, independent pricing vendors, or other sources, to determine the ultimate fair value of these assets. The Company's derivative instruments are classified as Level 2, as they are not actively traded and are valued using pricing models that use observable market inputs. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy of its assets or liabilities measured at fair value.

The Company's privately-held debt and redeemable preferred stock securities are classified as Level 3 assets due to the lack of observable inputs to determine fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of its privately-held debt and redeemable preferred stock securities on a recurring basis using an analysis of the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, including recent valuations at the time of financing activities and the investee's capital structure. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an unrealized loss of $8.3 million on its privately-held debt and redeemable preferred stock securities. Refer to Note 2, Cash Equivalents and Investments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company's investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair value are classified as Level 3 assets due to the lack of observable inputs to determine fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of equity securities without readily determinable fair value and investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, on a nonrecurring basis using an analysis of the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, including recent financing activities and the investee's capital structure. As of December 31, 2023, downward adjustments for equity securities without readily determinable fair value in the aggregate were $89.9 million. Refer to Note 2, Cash Equivalents and Investments. There have been no material upward adjustments to the equity securities without readily determinable fair value.

Certain of the Company's assets, including intangible assets, goodwill and property plant and equipment, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized impairment charges of $28.0 million, which relate to the Company's property and equipment and other assets. There were no significant impairment charges recognized during the years ended December 2022 and 2021.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amounts of the Company's accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the Company's total outstanding debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $1,581.7 million and $1,485.6 million, respectively, based on observable market inputs (Level 2).

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Note 4. Derivative Instruments

The notional amount of the Company's derivative instruments is summarized as follows (in millions):

The fair value of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows:

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Offsetting of Derivative Instruments

The Company presents its derivative instruments at gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the potential effects of set-off associated with the derivative contracts would be a reduction to both derivative assets and derivative liabilities by $7.2 million and $73.8 million, respectively.

Designated Derivatives

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts or options contracts to hedge the Company's planned cost of revenues and operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies. These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges and typically have maturities of thirty-six months or less.

The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts, designated as fair value hedges, to convert the fixed interest rates of certain Senior Notes ("Notes") to floating interest rates. In April 2021, the Company entered into these contracts for an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 million for its fixed-rate Notes maturing in December 2030 in addition to the contracts entered in 2019 for an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 million for its fixed-rate Notes maturing in March 2041. The interest rate swap contracts will expire within seven years.

In 2020, the Company entered into interest rate lock contracts with large financial institutions, which fix the benchmark interest rates of future debt issuances for an aggregate notional amount of $650.0 million. These contracts were designated as cash flow hedges for a forecasted debt issuance which was expected to occur by the end of 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company terminated the interest rate lock contracts, resulting in a deferred gain of $133.9 million recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, which will be deferred and amortized to interest expense over the term of the anticipated debt unless it becomes probable that the debt will not be issued with the terms anticipated at the hedge's inception. The Company classifies the cash flow in the same section as the underlying item resulting in the proceeds from sale being presented as operating activities.

Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations

For cash flow hedges, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $15.1 million, unrealized gain of $33.1 million and unrealized loss of $9.1 million in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the effective portion of its derivative instruments during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

For foreign currency contracts, the Company reclassified a loss of $29.8 million, a loss of $25.8 million and a gain of $28.9 million out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to cost of revenues and operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, an estimated $1.6 million of unrealized net loss within accumulated other comprehensive income is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

Non-Designated Derivatives

The Company also uses foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate variability in gains and losses generated from the remeasurement of certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These foreign exchange forward contracts typically have maturities of approximately one to four months. The outstanding non-designated derivative instruments are carried at fair value. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives, which were recorded in Other expense, net within the Consolidated Statements of Operations, were not material during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

See Note 1, Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, for the Company's policy regarding the offsetting of derivative assets and derivative liabilities.

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Note 5. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The Company's goodwill activity was as follows (in millions):