Top Risk Management Frameworks To Use

( Power your SOC with full visibility and security monitoring from Splunk .)

Overall, monitoring and reporting help organizations maintain the effectiveness of their threat mitigation strategies in changing organizational environments.

Risk governance

Governance of risk ensures that employees are well-informed about and adhere to the organization's risk mitigation procedures. Risk is one part of the GRC Framework, which looks at risks, governance, and compliance together.

Now that we know what goes into a strong RMF, let's look at the most commonly used frameworks.

Today's top risk management frameworks

These are go-to risk management frameworks globally. Take a look at the highlights and differentiators to see which is best for your organization.

NIST Cybersecurity Framework

The NIST risk management framework is specifically developed to address the cybersecurity risks of organizations. Originally developed by NIST for U.S. federal agencies, this risk management framework comprises six steps to manage information security and privacy risks in an organization. (NIST has a brand new AI RMF, too. More on that below.)

Additionally, it includes guidelines for implementing risk management systems that satisfy the Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA).

Here's a brief description of the NIST framework's six steps.

1. Categorize. Classify your system and the data it handles, stores, and communicates through an impact analysis.
2. Select. Choose the NIST controls that best align with the protection of the system that needs to be determined through risk assessments.
3. Implement. Implement the controls and document the deployment process.
4. Assess. Evaluate the established controls to check if they work as planned and provide the expected outcomes.
5. Authorize. A high-ranking person in the organization can take a risk-driven decision to approve and make the system operational.
6. Monitor. Regularly monitor the execution of controls and monitor potential risks to the system.

( Some consider CIS Controls Version 8 a more specific alternative to the NIST controls .)

ISO 31000

ISO 31000 was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), providing common principles and guidelines for risk management across various organizations. This global risk management framework is not specific to any industry. You can apply it to various organizations and industry verticals.

ISO 31000 Principles (Source)

ISO 31000 promotes integrating risk management into the governance and decision-making procedures of an organization. It will enable organizations of various sizes and sectors to adopt a shared framework and language for handling risks.

Put simply, ISO 31000 improves the quality of decision-making and helps companies achieve their strategic goals while mitigating potential risks and uncertainties.

( Read about ISO/IEC 27001, a related standard that applies to information security .)

COBIT 2019

Short for Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology, COBIT is a framework developed by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). Originally intended for financial auditors. Today's COBIT version - COBIT 2019 - helps organizations at all levels bridge the gaps between:

• Technical issues
• Business risks
• Control requirements

This robust framework allows organizations to efficiently oversee and regulate all their IT assets, IT procedures and IT operations.

The COBIT 2019 framework describes essential processes that support risk management. It enables organizations to acquire specialized risk-related outcomes. These outcomes include:

• A strategy for managing risks
• A communication plan for risk management
• The financial resources necessary to address and minimize risks

FAIR

Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) is a framework that enables organizations to evaluate and analyze the risks related to cybersecurity. It offers standards and best practices organizations must follow for risk evaluation, management, and reporting.

FAIR differs from traditional risk assessment frameworks that primarily rely on qualitative methods. Instead, the FAIR framework helps you understand, assess and measure cyber and operational risks in quantitative terms.

By providing a common language for communicating and conveying risks within a company, FAIR eases communication between technical and non-technical parties. Furthermore, FAIR has a risk model that facilitates quantification with features such as:

• A data collection framework
• Integrations with risk calculation engines
• Modeling facilities for complex risks

OCTAVE

Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE) is another risk management framework. It is designed to help organizations identify, analyze, and manage information security risks. It was published by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) of Carnegie Mellon University in 1999.

Octave provides a holistic approach for organizations to identify the following three crucial pieces of information.

• Information assets crucial for the organization
• Potential threats to the identified assets
• Vulnerabilities that could exploit the assets

These three combinations help organizations understand which information is potentially at risk. With this knowledge, an organization can create and implement mechanisms to minimize the overall risk to its information assets.

TARA

Threat Assessment and Remediation Analysis (TARA) is a component of MITRE's portfolio of systems security engineering (SSE) practices. It provides an approach to recognize and evaluate cyber weaknesses and then choose effective measures to reduce these vulnerabilities.

TARA consists of three main components:

• The Threat Agent Library (TAL) defines common threat agents.
• The Methods and Objectives Library (MOL) describes the objectives of threat agents and methods they will be using to achieve those objectives.
• The Common Exposure Library (CEL) is a knowledge library of known information security vulnerabilities and exposures.

TARA uses the above three components to describe a six-step methodology to reveal threat exposures.

1. Identifying current risks.
2. Establishing a risk baseline.
3. Identifying objectives of threat agents.
4. Identifying the methods of threat agents.
5. Determining the exposures.
6. Aligning their information security strategy accordingly.

( Read about MITRE ATT&CK, a much-used cybersecurity framework .)

AI risk management: A deep dive

As AI technologies are evolving and integrating in various industries, managing the risks associated with AI is increasing. Nowadays, several AI risk management frameworks are emerging that specifically address AI-related risks, focusing on transparency, ethical concerns, and security. Some of them are:

ISO/IEC 42001: AI risk management

ISO 42001 focuses on managing the risks associated with using AI systems. This international standard focuses on the need to address issues like:

• Ensuring AI systems are developed with transparency, accountability, and fairness.
• AI models are compliant with global data privacy regulations.
• AI systems operate security as required in real-world scenarios.

NIST AI risk management framework

NIST has developed AI RMF (AI Risk Management Framework) to guide users in assessing, detecting, and mitigating the risks in AI systems. The framework was released as a draft in 2023. It focuses on key pillars like:

• Ensuring AI systems are secure and reliable, free from errors and bias.
• Establishing frameworks that can monitor and oversee AI projects and are accountable for outcomes.
• Ensuring AI systems are well aligned with human values, avoiding negative social consequences, and respecting privacy.

By adopting these frameworks, companies can mitigate and anticipate the risks of deploying AI technologies. Thus ensuring that AI usage aligns with regulatory compliance and ethical standards.

Benefits of effective RMFs

Effective risk management frameworks provide immense benefits for organizations and will set you up to achieve these outcomes:

• Prepare well for potential threats. By identifying potential risks in advance, organizations can prepare contingency plans and strategies to mitigate their impact.
• Improve your organization's reputation. Proactive risk management helps protect its reputation by preventing and minimizing incidents affecting its clients.
• Enhance decision-making. RMF includes a risk assessment component to assess the risks and make informed decisions on correctly prioritizing them. Additionally, RMF allows organizations to decide on the best risk mitigation strategies.
• Build your overall resilience. RMF allows organizations to continue business operations in the event of any risk by facing it and recovering from it faster.
• Achieve compliance. Many industries have stringent regulatory requirements. Risk management frameworks aid in compliance, reducing the risk of legal repercussions.
• Focus on innovation. When an organization manages risk effectively, it can confidently focus on innovation.

Framing your risk

Risk Management Frameworks have become indispensable tools for organizations to effectively manage various risks. This article explained common RMF, including NIST, ISO 31000, COBIT 5, FAIR, OCTAVE, and TARA. They provide structured approaches to identifying, assessing, mitigating, and monitoring risks across diverse domains.

Common components of RMF include Risk identification, assessment, mitigation, monitoring, reporting, and governance. There are several benefits companies get from leveraging an RMF. Risk Management Frameworks help companies better manage risks arising from cyberattacks, regulatory changes, and economic uncertainties. Effective risk management protects the reputation and fuels innovation, enabling organizations to focus confidently on the future.

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