Math's 'Flipped classroom’ model to supports student success

Wayne State University's Department of Mathematics has launched a teaching model that innovates the learning experience while boosting students' confidence in an often challenging subject. Led by Associate Professor of Teaching Naresh "Resh" V. Mahabir, this "flipped classroom" approach shifts lectures and course content outside the classroom, using in-class time to focus on active problem-solving and collaboration.

In Mahabir's model, students view prerecorded lectures and course materials online before class, giving them the chance to absorb foundational concepts on their schedule. When they arrive in class, they're ready to dive into hands-on learning.

"A flipped classroom takes the core components - lectures, homework, discussions - and redefines how we use each," said Mahabir. "Students are exposed to content beforehand, and during class, we focus on active learning."

This approach lets him guide students through increasingly complex problems where they can build their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

"It's like going to the gym versus watching someone work out," Mahabir said. "In a flipped classroom, engagement and participation are the focus."

Supporting student needs

Mahabir implemented the flipped classroom model to address the challenges faced by countless students navigating a post-pandemic world.

"Many students juggle complex personal and academic needs, which can impact their success," he said. "This model is designed to be 'life-proof': It offers the flexibility they need while maintaining rigorous learning standards."

The flipped structure bridges educational gaps while building a supportive learning environment. Lectures, notes and assignments are available through Canvas, Wayne State's learning management system, which organizes deadlines and content accessibly. This design also lets students rewatch lectures to tackle complex topics at their own pace.

"The videos give students a safety net for when life gets in the way," Mahabir said.

Feedback has been positive, with students appreciating the transparency of a clearly outlined course structure and easy access to materials.

Meeting students where they are is close to Mahabir's heart. A native Detroiter and Detroit Public Schools Community District alumnus by way of Cass Tech, he was inspired to create the model through his experiences and aims to chart a more equitable path forward for students.

"It became very clear which students were going to be left behind," he said, noting the challenges faced by families with limited opportunities despite available resources. "The model uses technology to cultivate positive self-esteem, create self-efficacy, and build grit and confidence of the student and teacher."

This model also benefits graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) who balance their studies with teaching duties. By providing GTAs with structured content and methods, the model reduces their workload and stress. What's more, weekly debriefs between faculty and GTAs allow them to exchange feedback, make adjustments and offer each other support.

"This feedback loop has been invaluable in refining the course to support teachers and students alike," said Mahabir, who worked with Wayne State's C&IT and Canvas teams to build a structure that accommodates various technologies, making it accessible with a smartphone.

Mahabir approaches course design with inclusivity in mind: He storyboards each topic, breaking down content to prevent overwhelm. He records each lecture with accessible technology and distributes it through YouTube, which allows students to engage with content on their own time.

Tracking success

With early success in Precalculus (MAT 1800), the department plans to expand the flipped classroom model to other courses. The long-term goal is to extend this structure throughout the department's math sequence, from introductory algebra through advanced courses.

Initial data indicate positive outcomes: In winter 2024, courses using the flipped model boasted a 95% pass rate on the departmental final exam, outperforming traditionally formatted classes.

"We're tracking student progress with Canvas analytics, which helps us identify students who need extra support," Mahabir said. "Seeing the improvement in student performance reinforces that we're on the right track."

As Wayne State continues to explore and implement teaching innovations, Mahabir's flipped classroom serves as a prime example of the university's commitment to student-centered education that prepares Warriors and instructors for success in an ever-evolving academic landscape - an ambitious pursuit, to be sure, but one with many rewards.

"The flipped classroom model at Wayne State shifts math teaching from passive lectures to active learning, fostering critical thinking and collaboration," said Hengguang Li, chair of the mathematics department. "It's been rewarding to see this vision become reality and I believe this marks a pivotal step in redefining how we prepare students for the future economy."

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