Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences"in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax
counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal incometax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Basedon current market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counselit is reasonable to treat the notes as "open transactions"
that are not debt instrumentsfor U.S. federal income tax purposes, asmorefully described in "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences- Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders-Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments" in the
accompanying product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, subject tothe possible application of the "constructive
ownership" rules, the gainor loss on your notesshould be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you hold your notes for more than
a year, whether or not you arean initial purchaser of notes at the issue price. The notes could be treated as "constructive ownership
transactions" within the meaning of Section 1260 of the Code, in which case any gain recognized in respect of the notes that would
otherwise be long-term capital gainand that wasin excessof the "net underlying long-termcapital gain" (as defined in Section 1260)
would be treated as ordinary income, and a notional interest charge would apply as if that income had accrued for tax purposes at a
constant yield over your holding period for the notes. Our special taxcounsel has not expressed an opinion with respect to whether the
constructive ownership rules apply to the notes. Accordingly, U.S. Holdersshouldconsult their tax advisers regarding the potential
application of the constructive ownership rules.
The IRS or a court may not respect the treatment of the notes described above, in which case the timing and character of anyincome
or losson your notes could be materially and adverselyaffected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice
requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of "prepaid forward contracts" and similar instruments. The notice
focuses inparticular on whether to require investors in these instruments to accrueincome over the term of their investment. It also
asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments;the
relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which
income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these
instrumentsare or should be subject to the constructiveownership regime described above. While the notice requests comments on
appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these
issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of aninvestment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect.You
shouldconsult your tax adviser regardingthe U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including the
potential application of the constructive ownership rules, possible alternative treatments and the issues presentedby thisnotice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder ("Section 871(m)") generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalentspaid or deemedpaid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instrumentslinked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes fromthe scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could payU.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income taxpurposes (each an "Underlying Security"). Based on certain determinationsmade by us, our special taxcounselisof the
opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders.Our determination is not binding on the
IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination.Section 871(m) is complex and itsapplication may depend on your particular
circumstances, including whether you enter intoother transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. Youshouldconsult your tax
adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplementis equal to thesum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component withthesame maturityas the notes, valued usingthe internal funding
ratedescribed below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying theeconomic terms of the notes.The estimated value of the
notesdoes not represent a minimum price at which JPMS wouldbe willing to buy your notes in any secondarymarket (if anyexists) at
any time.The internal funding rate used in the determination of theestimated valueof the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instrumentsof a similar maturityissued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
maybe based on, among other things, ourand our affiliates'view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higherissuance,
operational and ongoingliability management costs of the notes in comparisonto those costsfor theconventional fixed income
instrumentsof JPMorgan Chase & Co.This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximatetheprevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and anysecondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see"Selected Risk Considerations- Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and