Producer Price Index for Manufacturing (2018=100) May 2024

2. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products was the main contributor to the overall annual growth rate of producer price for manufactured goods

The top three industry divisions contributing to the May 2024 overall year-on-year growth rate of PPI for manufacturing were the following:

a. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products;
b. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment; and
c. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products.

3. Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats was the main contributor to the acceleration in the annual rate of producer price for food manufacturing

The year-on-year growth rate of PPI for manufacture of food products accelerated to 1.0 percent in May 2024, from 0.7 percent annual increase in April 2024. In May 2023, the PPI for manufacture of food products registered an annual increment of 3.2 percent. (Figure 2, and Tables 1 and 2)

The acceleration in the annual growth rate of PPI for manufacture of food products in May 2024 was primarily attributed to the acceleration in the annual growth rate of the manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats industry group from 1.4 percent annual increase in the previous month to 2.6 percent during the period.

Additional contributors to the faster annual increase of PPI for manufacture of food products during the month were the faster annual increases in the processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables at 3.3 percent in May 2024, from an annual increase of 2.1 percent in April 2024; manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products at 1.3 percent during the month, from 0.5 percent in the previous month; and manufacture of other food products at 1.1 percent in May 2024, from an annual increase of 1.0 percent in April 2024.

Meanwhile, annual decreases were observed in the remaining four industry groups, namely, processing and preserving of meat at 0.7 percent, processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks at 6.2 percent, manufacture of dairy products at 1.7 percent, and manufacture of prepared animal feeds at 2.7 percent decrease. (Table 2)

B. Month-on-Month Growth for May 2024

1. Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products was the main contributor to the slower increase in the monthly rate of producer price index for manufacturing section

Month-on-month, the PPI for manufacturing registered a slower increase of 0.2 percent in May 2024 from a 0.5 percent increment in April 2024. The PPI also posted a 0.4 percent monthly increase in May 2023. (Figure 3, and Tables A and 1)

The top contributor to the slower increase in the monthly rate of PPI in May 2024 was the deceleration in the monthly rate of manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products with an increase of 0.4 percent during the period from a 2.2 percent increase in the previous month. Completing the top three contributors to the slower increase in the monthly rate of PPI for manufacturing during the period were the manufacture of basic metals with a slower monthly increase of 0.2 percent during the month, from a 0.9 percent increase in April 2024, and the manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products with a monthly decrease of 0.3 percent, from a 0.8 percent monthly increase in the previous month. These three industry divisions contributed 87.9 percent to the deceleration in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for manufacturing in May 2024.

Of the remaining 19 industry divisions, 13 registered monthly increases, four exhibited month-on-month declines, and two recorded zero percent month-on-month rates during the period. (Tables C and 1)

2. Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks was the main driver to the uptrend in the month-on-month growth rate of producer price for food manufacturing

Month-on-month, the growth rate of PPI for manufacture of food products posted an increment of 0.2 percent in May 2024 from a 0.3 percent monthly decrease in April 2024. In May 2023, the PPI for manufacture of food products posted a monthly decrement of 0.1 percent. (Figure 4, and Tables 1 and 2)

The uptrend in the monthly rate of PPI for food manufacturing during the period was brought about by the increases of six of the eight industry groups. This was led by processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks with a monthly increase of 1.5 percent in May 2024, from a 2.5 percent monthly decrease in April 2024. This industry group contributed 51.0 percent to the uptrend in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for food manufacturing.

CLAIRE DENNIS S. MAPA, PhD
Undersecretary
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

I.1. Background of the Survey

The Producer Price Survey (PPS) is conducted by PSA to collect monthly producer prices of industry products produced by sample establishments in the manufacturing section. It measures the average change over time in the prices of products or commodities produced by domestic manufactures and sold at factory gate prices to wholesalers and/or other consumers in the domestic market relative to a base period.

I.2. Objectives

The PPS serves various purposes. It is used to (1) measure monthly or yearly changes in the producer price of key products/commodities in the manufacturing section; (2) to serve as deflator to Value of Production Index (VaPI) and Value of Net Sales Index (VaNSI) in the estimation of the Volume of Production Index (VoPI) and Volume of Net Sales Index (VoNSI) for the Monthly Integrated Survey of Selected Industries (MISSI), respectively; and, (3) to serve as a deflator in the estimation of manufacturing production in real terms (at constant prices) in the system of national accounts.

I.3. Historical Information on the Survey

The PPI milestones are shown below:

1980

Studies on the generation of the PPI started when the Index of Physical Volume of Production series being generated by the then Central Bank of the Philippines (now the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) was discontinued. This came about because of the transfer of responsibility of operations and processing of the Monthly Survey of Establishments (MSE) for manufacturing from the Central Bank to the National Census and Statistics Office (National Statistics Office-NSO).

Work on the original PPI started with 1978 as the base year and was later revised to 1985. The source of data for the PPI was the then Monthly Survey of Establishments (MSE) for manufacturing. The MSE has a rider questionnaire, which asked for data on production of major products of the sample establishments. However, the PPI series were never released as official statistics. It was later observed that the components of the PPI were no longer reflective of the prevailing production structure of the manufacturing sector that the PPI operations were halted.

1992 to 1993

The compilation of the PPI with 1992 as the base year was revived in a-project "Improvement of the Producer Price Index of Selected Manufactured Products" through the Grants-in-Aid Program of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).

The NSO with guidance from the Technical Committee on Price Statistics of NSCB worked for further improvements to the PPI to make it more reflective of the actual situation of the manufacturing sector. The conduct of the Producer Price Survey started as the source of data for the PPI.

Starting with this new base year, the PPI was officially released simultaneous with the SKEM indicators. The SKEM was later renamed to MISSI.

2001

The NSO released the rebased series of PPI with 1994 as the new base year. The 1992-based series continued until December 2001 and was discontinued the year after. The 1994-based series had January 1998 as the earliest series.

2005

The work on the rebasing of the PPI to base year 2000 started.

2007

The PPI data series with 2000 as the new base period was released in August, in parallel with the 1994-based series. The 2000-based series had January 2001 as its earliest series.

2008

The 1994-based PPI data series was discontinued beginning January.

2011

The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2006 started. This is in accordance with NSCB Resolution No. 2, series of 2009 which approves the synchronized rebasing of the price indices to base year 2006.

2014

The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2006 was halted. Instead, rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2012 started since the results of the 2012 Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) was available as source of the weights.

2015

The use of geometric average of short-term price relatives of responding sample establishments was used as the imputation technique for the missing data of non-responding samples.

2017

The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2012 began. The industry classification followed the Amended1994 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) which was the same as the 2000-based series.

2019

The computation for the 2012-based series continued but the industry classification used was according to the 2009 PSIC (22 industry division).

2020

The rebasing of the 2012-based PPI series was stopped. Instead, it was decided that the PPI series be rebased to 2018. The rebased PPI series which followed the 2009 PSIC was approved by the PSA Board on December 2020. The index computation methodology was still the same, Chained-Paasche type.

I.4. Scope and Coverage

PPS is a nationwide undertaking that covers all manufacturing establishments confined to the formal section of the economy. The formal sector of the economy consists of the following:

1. Corporations and partnership, regardless of employment size;
2. Cooperatives and foundations, regardless of employment size;
3. Single proprietorships with branches, regardless of employment size; and
4. Single proprietorship with no branches but with total employment (TE) of 10 and over.

Hence, the PPS covered all establishments regardless of employment size, except those establishments with:

1. Legal Organization of single proprietorship (LO=1), and
2. Economic Organization of single establishment (EO=1), and
3. TE of less than 10.

The scope and coverage for PPS are all establishments with EO=1 (Single establishment), 2 (Branch only) and 3 (Establishment and main office) engaged in manufacturing activities as classified in the 2009 PSIC.

I.5. Industry Coverage

The industry structure or classification for PPS follows the Philippine Systems of National Accounts (PSNA) grouping. Further, the PSNA grouping follows the 2009 PSIC for the 2018 base period.

* Industry divisions categorized further into industry groups

II.1. Data Collection

Distribution and collection of PPS questionnaires will be done according to a timetable set. Distribution is done at the beginning of each year through personal visit by PSA field staff to the sample establishments located in the provinces and cities nationwide. Collection of accomplished questionnaires as well as submission of data files is done on or before the 23rd day after each reference month.

II.2. Survey Instrument

The PPS uses a shuttle-type of questionnaire. This is the type of survey instrument that is administered to respondents in order to collect data at frequent intervals of time to provide a running account of past responses. The questionnaire also includes definition of terms and specific instructions in filling-out the questionnaire to assist the respondent in understanding the questions and for ease in accomplishment. Furthermore, the questionnaire design ensures and enhances the consistency and accuracy in reporting past data.

II.3. Data Items

The survey collects prices and the percentage share of each of the top five products to the total value of products manufactured by the sample establishments. The top five products manufactured by the establishment must have the following characteristics:

• Product Name
• Brand Name
• Specification
• Unit of measure
• Percent share of the product to total value of products manufactured
• Reason for the increase/decrease in producer price for the month

Note: A linking factor is computed every time weights are changed. The linking factor is used to adjust new series for comparability with the old series.

III.4. Imputation Technique

Imputation is done for sample establishments that are in operation during the reference period but no response during the release date. Results are revised accordingly when the actual data are received, and these revisions are reflected in the next release.

IV. Concepts and Definitions of Terms

Producer Price is the unit price (ex-plant) of a product or commodity as it leaves the establishment of the producer. It includes any indirect tax paid by the producer less any subsidies on the products received by the producer.

Market basket for the PPI refers to a sample of industry products which are produced and sold by manufacturers at factory gate prices.

Sample industry products are the major products of manufacturers during the base year.

Price relative is the ratio of current price to the base price.

Products/Commodities are the goods normally intended for sale in the market at a price that is designed to cover their cost of production.

Brand Name is the name identifying a product including its manufacturer.

Specifications are written statement of an item's required characteristics documented in a manner that facilitates its procurement or production.

Unit of measure is the standard unit or system of units by which a quantity is accounted for and expressed. Examples are meter, kilogram, grams, metric ton, troy ounce, and others.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change over time in the prices of products or commodities produced by domestic manufactures and sold at factory gate prices to wholesalers and/or other consumers in the domestic market relative to a base period.

V. Dissemination of Results and Revision

Web-posting of the Press Release of PPS shall be done every 30th day after each reference month. Statistical tables are also posted in OpenStat.

Imputed values are revised upon receipt of actual data for inclusion in the revised indices.

VI. Citation

Philippine Statistics Authority. (May 2024). Technical Notes on the Producer Price Survey (PPS). https://psa.gov.ph/technical-notes/pps

VII. Contact Information

John Paul C. Sacop
Chief Statistical Specialist
Industry Statistics Division
[email protected]
[email protected]

For data request, you may contact the:
Knowledge Management and Communications Division
(632) 8462-6600 local 839
[email protected]