Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending JUNE 30, 2024 (Form 10-Q)

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CoreCivic, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the "Company" or "CoreCivic") is the nation's largest owner of partnership correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and one of the largest prison operators in the United States ("U.S."). Through three segments, CoreCivic Safety, CoreCivic Community, and CoreCivic Properties, the Company provides a broad range of solutions to government partners that serve the public good through corrections and detention management, a network of residential reentry centers to help address America's recidivism crisis, and government real estate solutions. As of June 30, 2024, through its CoreCivic Safety segment, the Company operated 43correctional and detention facilities, 39of which the Company owned, with a total design capacity of approximately 65,000beds. Through its CoreCivic Community segment, the Company operated 23residential reentry centers with a total design capacity of approximately 5,000beds. In addition, through its CoreCivic Properties segment, the Company owned 6properties, with a total design capacity of approximately 10,000beds.

In addition to providing fundamental residential services, CoreCivic's correctional, detention, and reentry facilities offer a variety of rehabilitation and educational programs, including basic education, faith-based services, life skills and employment training, and substance abuse treatment. These services are intended to help reduce recidivism and to prepare offenders for their successful reentry into society upon their release. CoreCivic also provides or makes available to offenders certain health care (including medical, dental, and mental health services), food services, and work and recreational programs.

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company and, in the opinion of management, reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of results for the unaudited interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for the full fiscal year. Reference is made to the audited financial statements of CoreCivic included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 20, 2024 (the "2023 Form 10-K") with respect to certain significant accounting and financial reporting policies as well as other pertinent information of the Company.

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Assets Held For Sale and Dispositions

As of June 30, 2024, CoreCivic had an idled 390-bed facility in Oklahoma reported in its CoreCivic Community segment and classified as held for sale. The aggregate carrying value of the property and equipment of this facility, amounting to $2.2million, was reflected as assets held for sale on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024. The Company closed on the sale of this facility in July 2024 for a gross sales price of $3.7million, resulting in a gain on sale that will be reported in the third quarter of 2024.

In January 2024, CoreCivic completed the sale of a facility in Colorado and reported in its CoreCivic Community segment. The sale generated net sales proceeds of $8.0million, resulting in a gain on sale of $0.5million reported in the first quarter of 2024. The facility was classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023. CoreCivic continued to operate the facility through the expiration of the management contract in June 2024. In addition, in March 2024, CoreCivic completed the sale of an unused parcel of land in Texas. The sale generated net sales proceeds of $0.2million, resulting in a gain on sale of $0.1million also reported in the first quarter of 2024.

During the full year 2023, CoreCivic completed the sales of three community corrections facilities leased to government agencies and reported in CoreCivic's Properties segment and one vacant parcel of land. The sales of these four assets generated aggregate net sales proceeds of $10.8million, resulting in an aggregate net gain on sale of $0.8million after transaction costs.

Idle Facilities

As of June 30, 2024, CoreCivic had nineidle correctional facilities that are currently available and being actively marketed as solutions to meet the needs of potential customers. The following table summarizes each of the idled facilities and their respective design capacities, carrying values, excluding equipment and other assets that could generally be transferred and used at other facilities CoreCivic owns without significant cost (dollars in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024, CoreCivic also had oneidled non-core facility in its Safety segment containing 240beds with a net book value of $2.8million, and twoidled facilities in its Community segment, one of which was classified as held for sale (as disclosed above, the Company closed on the sale of this facility in July 2024), containing an aggregate of 450beds with an aggregate net book value of $3.3million. CoreCivic incurred operating expenses at these idled facilities of approximately $5.8millionand $2.4millionduring the period they were idle during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $9.4millionand $5.3millionduring the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company estimated undiscounted cash flows for each facility with an impairment indicator. The Company's estimated undiscounted cash flows reflect the Company's most recent expectations around potential utilization and/or sale of the facilities and projected cash flows based on historical cash flows, cash flows of comparable facilities, and recent contract negotiations for utilization, as applicable.

CoreCivic evaluates, on a quarterly basis, market developments for the potential utilization of each of its idle properties in order to identify events that may cause CoreCivic to reconsider its assumptions with respect to the recoverability of book values as compared to undiscounted cash flows. CoreCivic considers the cancellation of a contract in its Safety or Community segment or an expiration and non-renewal of a lease agreement in its CoreCivic Properties segment as indicators of impairment and tests each of the idled properties for impairment when it is notified by the respective customers or tenants that they would no longer be utilizing such property.

Termination of Contract at the South Texas Family Residential Center

On June 10, 2024, the Company received notification from ICE of its intent to terminate an inter-governmental service agreement ("IGSA") for services at the 2,400-bed South Texas Family Residential Center ("STFRC") effective August 9, 2024. The IGSA originated in 2014, was extended in 2016, and was extended again in 2020 from September 2021 through September 2026. ICE's termination rights, which permit ICE to terminate the agreement for convenience or non-appropriation of funds, without penalty, by providing CoreCivic with at least a 60-day notice, were unchanged under the previous IGSA.

Under the fixed monthly payment schedule of the original IGSA, ICE agreed to pay CoreCivic $70.0million in two$35.0million installments during the fourth quarter of 2014, and graduated fixed monthly payments over the remaining months of the contract. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, CoreCivic recognized $78.1million and $156.1million, respectively, in revenue under the amended IGSA, with the unrecognized balance of the fixed monthly payments reported in deferred revenue. The current portion of deferred revenue is reflected within accounts payable and accrued expenses while the long-term portion at December 31, 2023 is reflected as deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total deferred revenue associated with this agreement amounted to $6.0million and $7.3million, respectively. As a result of the notification of the intent to terminate the IGSA, the Company reported the total deferred revenue balance as a current liability within accounts payable and accrued expenses as of June 30, 2024. Upon termination of the IGSA in the third quarter of 2024, when no further service obligation exists, CoreCivic will recognize the remaining balance of the deferred revenue amount.

CoreCivic leases the STFRC and the site upon which it was constructed from a third-party lessor. CoreCivic's lease agreement with the third-party lessor is over a base period concurrent with the IGSA with ICE which was amended in September 2020 to extend the term of the agreement through September 2026. The extended lease agreement provides CoreCivic with the ability to terminate the lease with a notification period of at least 60days if ICE terminates the extended IGSA. Upon being notified by ICE of its intent to terminate the IGSA at the STFRC, CoreCivic provided notice to the third-party lessor of its intent to terminate the lease agreement effective August 9, 2024. In accordance with ASC 842, "Leases", CoreCivic remeasured the lease liability and recorded a corresponding adjustment of $57.0million to the associated right of use asset to reflect the reduction to the lease term. In addition, CoreCivic estimates a non-cash asset impairment charge of approximately $3.0million to $3.6millionduring the third quarter of 2024 associated with property and equipment at the STFRC, in the event we are unable to transfer the assets to other CoreCivic facilities.

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Bank Credit Facility.On October 11, 2023, CoreCivic entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (referred to herein as the "Bank Credit Facility") in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0million, consisting of a $125.0million term loan (the "Term Loan") and a revolving credit facility with a borrowing capacity of $275.0million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). The Bank Credit Facility has a maturity of October 2028. The Bank Credit Facility includes an option to increase the availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and to request additional term loans from the lenders in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of (a) $200.0million and (b) 50% of consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended four-quarter period, subject to, among other things, the receipt of commitments for the increased amount. At CoreCivic's option, interest on outstanding borrowings under the Bank Credit Facility is based on either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 3.5% based upon the Company's then-current total leverage ratio, or at Term SOFR (as defined in the Bank Credit Facility), which is a forward-looking term rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a margin ranging from 2.75% to 4.5% based on the Company's then-current total leverage ratio. The Revolving Credit Facility includes a $25.0million sublimit for swing line loans that enables CoreCivic to borrow at the base rate plus the applicable margin from the Administrative Agent (as defined in the Bank Credit Facility) on same-day notice.

Based on the Company's total leverage ratio, interest on loans under the previous bank credit facility through October 10, 2023, was at a base rate plus a margin of 2.25% or at the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield ("BSBY") plus a margin of 3.25%, and a commitment fee equal to 0.45% of the unfunded balance of the then-existing revolving credit facility, which had a borrowing capacity of $250.0million. From October 11, 2023 through the first full fiscal quarter of 2024, loans under the Bank Credit Facility bore interest at a base rate plus a margin of 2.25% or at Term SOFR plus a margin of 3.25%, and a commitment fee equal to 0.45% of the unfunded balance of the Revolving Credit Facility, as the interest rate spreads were fixed under the terms of the Bank Credit Facility until the first calculation date occurring after the first full fiscal quarter after the closing date of the Bank Credit Facility. Based on the Company's total leverage ratio during the second quarter of 2024, the interest rate spread for base rate loans declined to 2.00%, the interest rate spread for Term SOFR loans was reduced to 3.00%, and the commitment fee decreased to 0.40%. The Revolving Credit Facility also has a $100.0million sublimit for the issuance of standby letters of credit. As of June 30, 2024, CoreCivic had $25.0million of borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, and $18.0millionin letters of credit outstanding resulting in $232.0millionavailable under the Revolving Credit Facility. The Term Loan, which had an outstanding principal balance of $121.9millionas of June 30, 2024, requires scheduled quarterly principal payments through October 2028, and is pre-payable without penalty.

The Bank Credit Facility requires CoreCivic to meet certain financial covenants, including, without limitation, a total leverage ratio of not more than 4.50to 1.00, a secured leverage ratio of not more than 2.50to 1.00, and a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.75to 1.00. As of June 30, 2024, CoreCivic was in compliance with all such covenants. The Bank Credit Facility is secured by a pledge of all of the capital stock (or other ownership interests) of CoreCivic's domestic restricted subsidiaries, 65% of the capital stock (or other ownership interests) of CoreCivic's "first-tier" foreign subsidiaries, all of the accounts receivable of the Company and its domestic restricted subsidiaries, and substantially all of the deposit accounts of the Company and its domestic restricted subsidiaries. In the event that (a) the consolidated total leverage equals or exceeds 4.25to 1.00 or (b) the Company incurs certain debt above a specified threshold, each known as a "springing lien" event, certain intangible assets and unencumbered real estate assets that meet a 50% loan-to-value requirement are required to be added as collateral. In addition, the Bank Credit Facility contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, payment of dividends and other customary restricted payments, permitted investments, transactions with affiliates, asset sales, mergers and consolidations, liquidations, prepayments and modifications of other indebtedness, liens and other encumbrances and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements, and in each case subject to customary carveouts. The Bank Credit Facility is subject to cross-default provisions with respect to the terms of certain of CoreCivic's other material indebtedness and is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of a change of control.

Senior Notes. Interest on the $243.1million remaining aggregate principal amount of CoreCivic's 4.75% senior unsecured notes issued in October 2017 with an original principal amount of $250.0million (the "4.75% Senior Notes") accrues at the stated rate and is payable in April and October of each year. The 4.75% Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on October 15, 2027. During 2023, the Company purchased $6.9million principal amount of the 4.75% Senior Notes through open market purchases, reducing the outstanding balance of the 4.75% Senior Notes to $243.1million as of December 31, 2023. Interest on the aggregate principal amount of CoreCivic's 8.25% senior unsecured notes issued in April and September 2021, with an original principal amount of $675.0million (the "Old 8.25% Senior Notes"), accrued at the stated rate and was payable in April and October of each year. The Old 8.25% Senior Notes were scheduled to mature on April 15, 2026. During 2022 and 2023, the Company purchased $81.9million principal amount of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes through open market purchases reducing the outstanding balance of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes to $593.1million as of December 31, 2023.

On March 4, 2024, the Company commenced a cash tender offer (the "Tender Offer") for any and all of the $593.1million outstanding principal amount of its outstanding Old 8.25% Senior Notes. As a result of the Tender Offer, $494.3million aggregate principal amount of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes, or approximately 83.3% of the aggregate principal amount of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes outstanding, had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn. The Company accepted for purchase and paid for all of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes that were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn. Holders of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes who validly tendered received in cash $1,043.75per $1,000 principal amount of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes validly tendered, plus accrued and unpaid interest from the October 15, 2023 interest payment date for the Old 8.25% Senior Notes up to, but not including, the settlement date, March 12, 2024. On March 15, 2024, the Company announced that it delivered an irrevocable notice to the holders of all CoreCivic's Old 8.25% Senior Notes that had not been validly tendered or had been validly withdrawn in the Tender Offer, that CoreCivic had elected to redeem in full the Old 8.25% Senior Notes that remained outstanding on April 15, 2024. The remaining principal amount of the outstanding Old 8.25% Senior Notes, which amounted to $98.8million, was redeemed on April 15, 2024, at a redemption price equal to 104.125% of the principal amount of the outstanding Old 8.25% Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest on such Old 8.25% Senior Notes to, but not including, April 15, 2024.

In connection with the Tender Offer, on March 12, 2024, the Company completed an underwritten registered public offering of $500.0million aggregate principal amount of 8.25% senior unsecured notes due 2029 (the "New 8.25% Senior Notes"), which are guaranteed by all the Company's subsidiaries that guarantee the Bank Credit Facility, the 4.75% Senior Notes, and the Old 8.25% Senior Notes (until their repayment and satisfaction on April 15, 2024). The New 8.25% Senior Notes were offered pursuant to CoreCivic's shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which became effective upon filing with the SEC on March 4, 2024. The net proceeds from the issuance of the New 8.25% Senior Notes totaled approximately $490.3million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering of the New 8.25% Senior Notes, together with borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and cash on hand, to fund the Tender Offer, and to redeem the remaining outstanding balance of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes on April 15, 2024. CoreCivic recorded charges totaling $4.1million and $31.3million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, associated with the Tender Offer and redemption of the Old 8.25% Senior Notes, including the non-cash write-off of unamortized loan issuance costs and original issue premium.

The 4.75% Senior Notes and the New 8.25% Senior Notes (collectively, the "Senior Notes") are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by all of the Company's existing and future subsidiaries that guarantee the Bank Credit Facility. CoreCivic may redeem all or part of the 4.75% Senior Notes at any time prior to three months before their maturity date at a "make-whole" redemption price, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date. Thereafter, the 4.75% Senior Notes are redeemable at CoreCivic's option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date. The Company may redeem all or part of the New 8.25% Senior Notes at any time prior to April 15, 2026, in whole or in part, at a "make-whole" redemption price, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date. Thereafter, the New 8.25% Senior Notes are redeemable at CoreCivic's option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof, which percentage is 104.125% beginning on April 15, 2026, 102.063% beginning on April 15, 2027, and 100% beginning on April 15, 2028, plus, in each such case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date.

The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain certain customary covenants that, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, restrict CoreCivic's ability to, among other things, create or permit to exist certain liens and consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of CoreCivic's assets. In addition, if CoreCivic experiences specific kinds of changes in control, CoreCivic must offer to repurchase all or any portion of the Senior Notes. The offer price for the Senior Notes in connection with a change in control would be 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the notes repurchased to the date of purchase. The indenture related to the New 8.25% Senior Notes additionally limit CoreCivic's ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments and investments and prepay certain indebtedness. The Senior Notes are also subject to cross-default provisions with certain of CoreCivic's other indebtedness, which includes the Bank Credit Facility.

Lansing Correctional Facility Non-Recourse Mortgage Note. On April 20, 2018, CoreCivic of Kansas, LLC (the "Issuer"), a wholly-owned unrestricted subsidiary of the Company, priced $159.5million in aggregate principal amount of non-recourse senior secured notes of the Issuer (the "Kansas Notes"), in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Kansas Notes have a yield to maturity of 4.43% and are scheduled to mature in January 2040, 20years following completion of the project, which occurred in January 2020. Principal and interest on the Kansas Notes are payable in quarterly payments, which began in July 2020 and continue until maturity. CoreCivic may redeem all or part of the Kansas Notes at any time upon written notice of not less than 30 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for such prepayment, with a "make-whole" amount, together with interest on the Kansas Notes accrued to, but not including, the redemption date. Because the Issuer has been designated as an unrestricted subsidiary of the Company under terms of the Bank Credit Facility, the issuance and service of the Kansas Notes, and the revenues and expenses associated with the facility lease, do not impact the financial covenants associated with the Bank Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Kansas Notes was $142.9million.

Debt Maturities. Scheduled principal payments as of June 30, 2024 for the remainder of 2024, the next five years, and thereafter were as follows (in thousands):

Share Repurchase Program

On May 12, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors ("BOD") approved a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $150.0million of the Company's common stock. On August 2, 2022, the BOD increased the authorization to repurchase under the share repurchase program by up to an additional $75.0million of the Company's common stock, or a total aggregate authorized amount to repurchase up to $225.0million of the Company's common stock. On May 16, 2024, the BOD authorized an additional increase to the share repurchase program by which the Company may purchase up to an additional $125.0million in shares of the Company's outstanding common stock, increasing the total aggregate authorization to up to $350.0million. Repurchases of the Company's outstanding common stock will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made at the Company's discretion based on parameters set by the BOD from time to time in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The share repurchase program has no time limit and does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular amount of its common stock. The authorization for the share repurchase program may be terminated, suspended, increased or decreased by the BOD in its discretion at any time. Through December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 10.1million shares of its common stock at a total cost of $112.6million, excluding costs associated with the share repurchase program, or $11.16per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 4.0million shares of its common stock at a total cost of $59.5million, excluding costs associated with the share repurchase program, or $14.80per share, including 1.3million shares at an aggregate cost of $20.1million during the second quarter of 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had repurchased a total of 14.1million common shares at an aggregate cost of $172.1million, or $12.20per share, and had $177.9million of repurchase authorization available under the share repurchase program.

Restricted Stock Units

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, CoreCivic issued approximately 1.6million restricted common stock units ("RSUs") to certain of its employees and non-employee directors, with an aggregate value of $23.5million, including 1.5million RSUs to employees and non-employee directors whose compensation is charged to general and administrative expense and 0.1million RSUs to employees whose compensation is charged to operating expense. During the full year 2023, CoreCivic issued approximately 2.0million RSUs to certain of its employees and non-employee directors, with an aggregate value of $22.3million, including 1.8million RSUs to employees and non-employee directors whose compensation is charged to general and administrative expense and 0.2million RSUs to employees whose compensation is charged to operating expense.

CoreCivic has established performance-based vesting conditions on a portion of the RSUs awarded to its officers and executive officers that, unless earlier vested under the terms of the agreements, are subject to vesting over athree-yearperiod based upon the satisfaction of certain annual performance criteria. The RSUs awarded to officers and executive officers in 2022, 2023 and 2024 consist of a combination of awards with performance-based conditions and time-based conditions. Unless earlier vested under the terms of the RSU agreements, the RSUs with time-based vesting conditions vest in equal amounts over three years on the later of (i) the anniversary date of the grant or (ii) the delivery of the audited financial statements by the Company's independent registered public accountant for the applicable fiscal year. The RSUs with performance-based vesting conditions are divided into one-third increments, each of which is subject to vesting based upon satisfaction of certain annual performance criteria established at the beginning of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 for the 2022 awards, December 31, 2023, 2024, and 2025 for the 2023 awards, and December 31, 2024, 2025, and 2026 for the 2024 awards, and which can be increased up to 150% or decreased to 0% based on performance relative to the annual performance criteria, and further increased or decreased using a modifier of 80% to 120% based on CoreCivic's total shareholder return relative to a peer group. Because the performance criteria for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2025 and 2026 have not yet been established, the values of the third RSU increment of the 2023 awards and of the second and third increments of the 2024 awards for financial reporting purposes will not be determined until such criteria are established. A portion of the RSU award granted to CoreCivic's chief executive officer in 2024 contains a single performance-based vesting condition that results in full vesting on the later of (i) the second anniversary of the award or (ii) the delivery of the audited financial statements by the Company's independent registered public accountant for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, if the performance criteria is met for the year ending December 31, 2025, or no vesting if the performance criteria is not met for such year. Time-based RSUs issued to other employees, unless earlier vested under the terms of the agreements, generally vest in equal amounts over three years on the later of (i) the anniversary date of the grant or (ii) the delivery of the audited financial statements by the Company's independent registered public accountant for the applicable fiscal year.RSUs issued to non-employee directors generally vest one yearfrom the date of award. As of June 30, 2024, approximately 3.3million RSUs remained outstanding and subject to vesting.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, CoreCivic expensed $5.0million, net of forfeitures, relating to RSUs ($0.3million of which was recorded in operating expenses and $4.7million of which was recorded in general and administrative expenses). During the three months ended June 30, 2023, CoreCivic expensed $5.3million, net of forfeitures, relating to RSUs ($0.4million of which was recorded in operating expenses and $4.9million of which was recorded in general and administrative expenses).

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, CoreCivic expensed $11.1million, net of forfeitures, relating to RSUs ($0.9million of which was recorded in operating expenses and $10.2million of which was recorded in general and administrative expenses). During the six months ended June 30, 2023, CoreCivic expensed $10.2million, net of forfeitures, relating to RSUs ($0.9million of which was recorded in operating expenses and $9.3million of which was recorded in general and administrative expenses).

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. For CoreCivic, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares after considering the additional dilution related to restricted stock-based awards.

Legal Proceedings

The nature of CoreCivic's business results in claims and litigation alleging that it is liable for damages arising from the conduct of its employees, offenders or others. The nature of such claims includes, but is not limited to, claims arising from employee or offender misconduct, medical malpractice, employment matters, property loss, contractual claims, including claims regarding compliance with contract performance requirements, and personal injury or other damages resulting from contact with CoreCivic's facilities, personnel or offenders, including damages arising from an offender's escape or from a disturbance at a facility. CoreCivic maintains insurance to cover many of these claims, which may mitigate the risk that any single claim would have a material effect on CoreCivic's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, provided the claim is one for which coverage is available. The combination of self-insured retentions and deductible amounts means that, in the aggregate, CoreCivic is subject to self-insurance risk.

Based upon management's review of the potential claims and outstanding litigation, and based upon management's experience and history of estimating losses, and taking into consideration CoreCivic's self-insured retention amounts, management believes a loss in excess of amounts already recognized would not be material to CoreCivic's consolidated financial statements. Adversarial proceedings and litigation are, however, subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable decisions and rulings resulting from legal proceedings could occur which could have a material impact on CoreCivic's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows for the period in which such decisions or rulings occur, or future periods. Expenses associated with legal proceedings may also fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on changes in CoreCivic's assumptions, new developments, or by the effectiveness of CoreCivic's litigation and settlement strategies.

CoreCivic records a liability in the consolidated financial statements for loss contingencies when a loss is known or considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed. When determining the estimated loss or range of loss, significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of a loss to be recorded. Any receivable for insurance recoveries is recorded separately from the corresponding litigation reserve, and only if recovery is determined to be probable and the amount of payment can be determined. CoreCivic does not accrue for anticipated legal fees and costs and expenses those items as incurred.

ICE Detainee Labor and Related Matters. On May 31, 2017, two former ICE detainees, who were detained at the Company's Otay Mesa Detention Center ("OMDC") in San Diego, California, filed a class action lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The complaint alleged that the Company forces detainees to perform labor under threat of punishment in violation of state and federal anti-trafficking laws and that OMDC's Voluntary Work Program ("VWP") violates state labor laws including state minimum wage laws. ICE requires that CoreCivic offer and operate the VWP in conformance with ICE standards and ICE prescribes the minimum rate of pay for VWP participants. The Plaintiffs seek compensatory damages, exemplary damages, restitution, penalties, and interest as well as declaratory and injunctive relief on behalf of former and current detainees. On April 1, 2020, the district court certified a nationwide anti-trafficking claims class of former and current detainees who participated in an ICE VWP at a CoreCivic facility. It also certified a state law class of former and current detainees who participated in a VWP wherever the Company held ICE detainees in California. The Company has exhausted appeals of the class certification order. On May 6, 2024, the district court stayed the filing of dispositive motions on state law claims under California law pending the outcome of a related case being prosecuted by another private prison company. That case is currently on appeal in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The claims resulting in certified classes are proceeding in all other respects in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, where the discovery process has commenced. A second California lawsuit concerning OMDC has been stayed pending the outcome of class proceedings in the first California case described above.

Due to the stage of the ongoing proceedings, the Company cannot reasonably predict the outcomes, nor can it estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. As a result, the Company has not recorded an accrual relating to these matters at this time, as losses are not considered probable or reasonably estimable at this stage of these lawsuits.

Income taxes are accounted for under the provisions of ASC 740, "Income Taxes". ASC 740 generally requires CoreCivic to record deferred income taxes for the tax effect of differences between book and tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes reflect the available net operating losses and the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Realization of the future tax benefits related to deferred tax assets is dependent on many factors, including CoreCivic's past earnings history, expected future earnings, the character and jurisdiction of such earnings, unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect utilization of its deferred tax assets, carryback and carryforward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset. CoreCivic recorded an income tax expense of $8.6millionand $4.2million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. CoreCivic recorded an income tax expense of $8.1millionand $12.3millionfor the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company's income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 varied from its statutory tax rate primarily due to a $2.6million tax benefit for stock-based compensation vesting recognized in the first quarter of 2024. The Company's income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 varied from its statutory tax rate primarily due to a $0.9million charge for the revaluation of deferred tax liabilities due to an internal restructuring.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "Inflation Reduction Act") was signed into law on August 16, 2022. Among other provisions, the Inflation Reduction Act creates an excise tax of 1% on the fair value of net stock repurchases in excess of share issuances made by publicly traded U.S. corporations, effective for repurchases after December 31, 2022. The impact of this excise tax on the Company's financial position, and/or liquidity, in future periods, will vary based on the level of net stock repurchases in excess of share issuances made by the Company in a given year. The Company has concluded that the excise tax associated with stock repurchases is properly recognized as a component of equity given that it is a direct cost associated with the repurchase of common stock. The excise tax recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was estimated to be $0.4million and $0.1million, respectively, associated with the repurchase of shares, net of the shares issued during the same period for restricted stock plans as permitted by the issuance offset rule under the Inflation Reduction Act.

Income Tax Contingencies

ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance prescribed in ASC 740 establishes a recognition threshold of more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. The measurement attribute requires that a tax position be measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

CoreCivic had noliabilities recorded for uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2024and December 31, 2023. CoreCivic recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense. CoreCivic does not currently anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax positions will significantly change in the next twelve months.

As of June 30, 2024, CoreCivic operated 43correctional and detention facilities, 39of which the Company owned. In addition, CoreCivic operated 23residential reentry centers and owned 6properties held for lease to government agencies. Management views CoreCivic's operating results in threeoperating segments, CoreCivic Safety, CoreCivic Community, and CoreCivic Properties. CoreCivic Safety includes the operating results of those correctional and detention facilities placed into service that were owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by CoreCivic, as well as those correctional and detention facilities owned by a third party and managed by CoreCivic. CoreCivic Safety also includes the operating results of TransCor America, LLC, a subsidiary of the Company that provides transportation services to governmental agencies. CoreCivic Community includes the operating results of those residential reentry centers placed into service that were owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by CoreCivic. CoreCivic Community also includes the operating results of the Company's electronic monitoring and case management services. CoreCivic Properties includes the operating results of those properties held for lease to government agencies. The operating performance of the three segments can be measured based on their net operating income. CoreCivic defines facility net operating income as a facility's revenues less operating expenses.

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