Portfolio turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities. A higher portfolio turnover rate may result in higher transaction costs and, for holders of Fund shares subject to U.S. taxes, higher income taxes. These transaction costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During its fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate (excluding short-term investments) was 119% of the average value of its portfolio securities. That portfolio turnover rate includes investments in U.S. Treasury Fund, which the Fund uses as a short-term investment vehicle for cash management. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate during its fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, excluding transactions in U.S. Treasury Fund and other short-term investments, was 57% of the average value of its portfolio securities.
Principal investment strategies
GMO seeks to achieve the Fund's investment objective by investing the Fund's assets primarily in equities of companies GMO believes are positioned to benefit, directly or indirectly, from efforts to curb or mitigate the long-term effects of global climate change, to address the environmental challenges presented by global climate change, or to improve the efficiency of resource consumption. Due to the far-reaching effects of, and evolving innovation related to, climate change, GMO expects such companies to be involved in a wide array of businesses.
GMO selects the securities the Fund buys and sells based on its evaluation of companies' published financial information and corporate behavior (such as profit warnings, share issuance or repurchase, and director dealings in company stock), securities' prices, commodities' prices, equity and bond markets, the overall global economy, and governmental policies. GMO also may consider ESG (environmental, social, and governance) criteria.
In selecting securities for the Fund, GMO uses a combination of investment methods to identify securities GMO believes have positive return potential. Some of these methods evaluate individual companies or groups of companies based on the ratio of their security price to historical financial information and forecasted financial information, such as profitability, cash flow and earnings, and a comparison of these ratios to current and historical averages. Other methods focus on patterns of information, such as price movement or volatility of a security or groups of securities. The Fund may invest its assets in securities of companies of any market capitalization and may invest a significant portion of its assets in securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations. The Fund invests in companies tied economically to emerging markets. The Fund has no limit on the amount it may invest in any single asset class, sector, country, industry, region or issuer. The factors GMO considers and investment methods GMO uses can change over time. GMO does not manage the Fund to, or control the Fund's risk relative to, any securities index or securities benchmark.
The Fund has a fundamental policy to concentrate its investments in climate change-related industries, and under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in companies in such industries (see "Name Policies"). The Fund considers "climate change-related industries" to include clean energy, batteries and storage, electric grid, energy efficiency, recycling and pollution control, agriculture, water, and businesses that service such industries. The Fund is permitted to invest directly and indirectly in equities of companies tied economically to any country in the world, including emerging countries.
As an alternative to investing directly in equities, the Fund may invest in exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The Fund also may invest in derivatives and ETFs in an attempt to obtain or adjust elements of its long or short investment exposure. Derivatives used may include futures, options, forward currency contracts, and swap contracts. In addition, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities.
The Fund also may invest in U.S. Treasury Fund, in money market funds unaffiliated with GMO, and directly in the types of investments typically held by money market funds.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Fund's shares changes with the value of the Fund's investments. Many factors can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. For a more complete discussion of these risks, see "Additional Information about the Funds' Investment Strategies, Risks, and Expenses" and "Description of Principal Risks."
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Focused Investment Risk − Because the Fund focuses its investments in securities of companies involved in climate change-related industries, the Fund will be more susceptible to events or factors affecting these companies, and the market prices of its portfolio securities may be more volatile than those of mutual funds that are more diversified. The Fund is particularly exposed to such developments as changes in global and regional climates, environmental protection regulatory actions, changes in government standards and subsidy levels, changes in taxation and other domestic and international political, regulatory and economic developments (such as potential cutbacks on funding for the Environmental Protection Agency). Companies involved in alternative fuels also may be adversely affected by the increased use of, or decreases in prices for, oil or other fossil fuels. In addition, scientific developments, such as breakthroughs in the remediation of global warming, and changes in governmental policies relating to the effects of pollution may affect investments in pollution control, which could in turn affect these companies. Such companies also may be significantly affected by technological changes in industries focusing on energy, pollution control and mitigation of global warming. Because society's focus on climate change issues is relatively new, the emphasis and direction of governmental policies is