Arent Fox LLP
12/03/2024 | News release | Distributed by Public on 12/03/2024 14:07
PFAS Plaintiffs May Be Learning From Their Mistakes
On
For more on our analysis of the California court's recent dismissal, see here. We also discuss emerging trends in PFAS litigation in a separate article here.
Hernandez and Catalano v. The Wonderful Company LLC and POM Wonderful LLC initially followed a similar trajectory but has since taken a different turn. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendants' POM 100% Pomegranate Juice contains PFAS, despite marketing the juice as "All Natural" and "100% Pomegranate Juice," among other similar claims. The Southern District of New York dismissed the plaintiffs' first amended complaint with leave to amend for lack of standing, holding - as other courts have - that the plaintiffs failed to allege the presence of PFAS in the specific juice purchased by the named plaintiff.
On January 24, the plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint naming an additional plaintiff who alleged that independent testing demonstrated the presence of PFAS in juice he had purchased. This time, the testing consisted of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), rather than TOF. LC-MS/MS identifies and quantifies specific known PFAS in a sample, while TOF measures the total amount of organic fluorine present and is widely accepted to produce false positives for PFAS. The LC-MS/MS testing showed that the product actually purchased contained 0.192 parts per trillion (ppt) of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which the plaintiffs claimed is a known carcinogen, among other allegations.[1] The plaintiffs' second amended complaint sought relief on the following grounds: (1) violations of the New York Deceptive Trade Practices Act, (2) negligence per se due to violations of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act and the New York Agriculture and Markets Law, and (3) unjust enrichment.
On November 25, the court largely denied the defendants' second attempt at dismissal, finding the new complaint sufficiently alleged that POM's marketing could be deceptive and that the juice could have been adulterated. Notably, the defendants did not challenge the plaintiffs' testing method, i.e., the LC-MS/MS testing, nor did the court.
Naming a plaintiff who actually purchased a "contaminated" product is an easy fix for plaintiffs. However, the same cannot be said for replacing TOF testing with the LC-MS/MS method, which is not only more costly but also less likely to support a plaintiff's bogus claim, as the test is more discerning. Nonetheless, when it comes to consumer class actions, where there is a will among the plaintiffs' bar, there is usually a way.
ArentFox Schiff's Consumer Products group will continue to monitor this development and others like it in the ongoing PFAS litigation and is available to answer any questions you may have. Please feel free to reach out to the authors or any attorney on our team.
[1] To note, the second amended complaint relies on the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 2022 lifetime health advisory levels for PFOA in drinking water of 0.004 ppt to allege that the level found in the subject juice was 48 times the amount permitted in public drinking water. However, since then, EPA established a new limit of 4 ppt as the Maximum Contaminant Level of PFOA in the public water supply, which is approximately 20 times the concentration found in the subject juice. It remains to be seen how this information will be used in the litigation going forward.