Beyond preventing shingles

People who get chickenpox at a young age are susceptible to shingles. The highly contagious illness, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, remains dormant in the nervous system for years, where it can reactivate, causing shingles. The highly neuroinflammatory disease caused by herpes zoster (HZ) virus triggers a painful, itchy rash that's more common in older adults, according to the Mayo Clinic. Shingles can also cause stroke and other adverse neurological conditions. Some studies have also identified potential associations with dementia.

Daniel Harris, an assistant professor of epidemiology who joined the University of Delaware College of Health Sciences faculty this fall, is taking a closer look at the relationship between the risk of dementia and shingles in older adults. He's studying a cohort of three-and-a-half million nursing home residents, admitted between 2017 and 2022, from across the United States to determine whether there's a difference in the risk of dementia between people who complete the two-dose series of the Shingles vaccine known as Shingrix, and those who don't receive the vaccine, which is not required among nursing home residents.

The $1.7 million study, funded by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which makes Shingrix, will allow Harris to emulate two target trials using observational data. He'll examine Shingrix's real-world effectiveness in preventing HZ infection while estimating the vaccine's effectiveness in preventing incident dementia and other adverse cognitive and neurological events, including stroke.

"If a precursor to incident dementia is neuroinflammation and stroke, if you have a stroke, it's a strong predictor for vascular dementia," explained Harris. "If that can be prevented in a healthy brain, it can arguably prevent a new dementia case later in life."

Neurological changes involving dementia, however, can start in a person in their 40s or 50s, with symptoms manifesting at a later age.

"For those who show early neurological changes of dementia but are asymptomatic, could a shingles infection accelerate dementia progression through increased neuroinflammation and potential other adverse events like stroke?" asked Harris. "Preventing shingles through vaccination may, therefore, be one strategy to slow dementia progression in those exhibiting underlying neuropathology of dementia."

The industry-funded study enabled Harris to access a robust data set, including electronic health records (EHRs) for all nursing homes serviced by PointClickCare.

"This data include many years of labs, medication administration, and orders for three million nursing home residents that we can then link to administrative claims," said Harris. "So, if a nursing home resident gets admitted to a hospital or a rehabilitation center, we'll know about their care."

Obtaining that kind of proprietary health data is rare but not a first for Harris, who recently published research in the journal Frontiers of Public Health on inequities in COVID-19 testing access and variant impact after gaining access to Walgreens' COVID-19 testing database.

Harris's latest study would not have been possible without GSK as a partner in this population health research.

"GSK's scientific division is very interested in getting the right answer-the truth," he said. "They are invested in this vaccine. Additionally, there's a lot of regulatory pressure on them, so they must make supported claims."