Air Quality State Implementation Plans; Approvals and Promulgations: California; Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management

Air Plan Revisions; California; Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District

Supplementary Information

Throughout this document, "we," "us," and "our" refer to the EPA.

Table of Contents

I. Proposed Action

II. Public Comments and EPA Responses

III. EPA Action

IV. Incorporation by Reference

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Proposed Action

On July 2, 2024, the EPA proposed to approve the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) submittal of a SIP revision adopted by the SMAQMD. ⁽¹⁾ As discussed in our proposed action, this SIP revision adopted portions of several permits issued under the District's SIP-approved New Source Review (NSR) permit program ("District Permits") for submittal into the SIP. These District Permits are relied upon to implement RACT for major sources of NO _X , and we proposed to determine that these District Permits would comply with the EPA's Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction (SSM) policy and other applicable Clean Air Act (CAA or "Act") requirements. Based on our review, we proposed to determine that these District Permits, in conjunction with the SIP-approved NO _X limits already established in Rule 411 (NO _X from Boilers, Process Heaters and Steam Generators) and Rule 413 (Stationary Gas Turbines), implement RACT for each major NO _X source in the District. We therefore also proposed to approve the major source NO _X RACT element of the 2017 RACT SIP for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.

A list of individual permits contained in this submittal is included in Table 2 below.

II. Public Comments and EPA Responses

The EPA's proposed action provided a 30-day public comment period. During this period, we received no comments.

III. EPA Action

No comments were submitted on the proposed action, and there is no change to our assessment of the SIP revision as described in our proposed action. Therefore, as authorized in section 110(k)(3) of the Act, the EPA is approving these District Permits into the California SIP. In addition, we are approving the major source NO _X element for SMAQMD's RACT obligation for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. This approval corrects all deficiencies identified in our June 30, 2023 partial disapproval of the major NO _X element of the 2017 RACT SIP (88 FR 42248), permanently stopping all sanction clocks associated with that partial disapproval. Moreover, this approval corrects the final remaining deficiency identified in our February 3, 2017 finding of failure to submit action for the SMAQMD's 2008 ozone NAAQS RACT SIP obligation (82 FR 9158). In addition, it terminates the EPA's obligation to promulgate a Federal Implementation Plan in response to that action.

IV. Incorporation by Reference

In this rule, the EPA is finalizing regulatory text that includes incorporation by reference. In accordance with requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, the EPA is finalizing the incorporation by reference of the District Permits contained in the submitted SIP revision and listed in Table 2 of this preamble, which establish NO _X emission limits for specific major sources in the District. The EPA has made, and will continue to make, these documents available through https://www.regulations.gov and at the EPA Region IX Office (please contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this preamble for more information).

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, the EPA's role is to approve State choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air Act. Accordingly, this action merely approves State law as meeting federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by State law. For that reason, this action:

• Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 14094 (88 FR 21879, April 11, 2023);

• Does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. );

• Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq. );

• Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
• Does not have federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
• Is not subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) because it approves a State program;
• Is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); and
• Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent with the Clean Air Act.

In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or in any other area where the EPA or an Indian Tribe has demonstrated that a Tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the rule does not have Tribal implications and will not impose substantial direct costs on Tribal governments or preempt Tribal law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).

Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) directs Federal agencies to identify and address "disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects" of their actions on communities with environmental justice (EJ) concerns to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law. The EPA defines EJ as "the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies." The EPA further defines the term fair treatment to mean that "no group of people should bear a disproportionate burden of environmental harms and risks, including those resulting from the negative environmental consequences of industrial, governmental, and commercial operations or programs and policies."

The District did not evaluate EJ considerations as part of its SIP submittal; the CAA and applicable implementing regulations neither prohibit nor require such an evaluation. The EPA did not perform an EJ analysis and did not consider EJ in this action. Due to the nature of the action being taken here, this action is expected to have a neutral to positive impact on the air quality of the affected area. Consideration of EJ is not required as part of this action, and there is no information in the record inconsistent with the stated goals of Executive Order 12898 of achieving EJ for communities with EJ concerns.

This action is subject to the Congressional Review Act (CRA), and the EPA will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a "major rule" as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by November 25, 2024. Filing a petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect the finality of this rule for the purposes of judicial review, nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings to enforce its requirements (see section 307(b)(2)).

For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental Protection Agency amends part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:

Part 52 Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans

Subpart F California

⁽¹⁾  89 FR 54748.