A new turn in the fight against cancer

The groundbreaking discovery at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) in Bellinzona, affiliated with USI, has revealed, through the study of DNA repair mechanisms, a function of a protein with the ability to fight specific cancerous formations. This discovery has garnered significant interest and was recently featured on the RSI television programme "il Quotidiano."

In Professor Petr Cejka's laboratory, a team of ten researchers has been studying the mechanisms of DNA repair, a crucial process for preventing diseases such as cancer. The results achieved by Dr. Ilaria Ceppi and Dr. Maria Rosaria Dello Stritto, two of the main contributors to the research, are of international significance because they could lead to the development of new drugs and treatments. The two researchers have been focusing on the BRCA1 protein for months, which acts as an 'emergency response' in our bodies. This protein is activated when DNA damage occurs, initiating a repair process to protect the genetic code. However, if it undergoes a mutations, it can no longer function effectively, increasing the risk of developing breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers.

"The most important discovery is that we now understand the protein's function in repairing damaged DNA. By knowing these mechanisms, it is now possible to envision cancer therapies to help patients," explained Professor Petr Cejka.

The researchers' work has clarified the exact role of BRCA1, paving the way for new possibilities for prevention. "Knowing whether a person has a mutation in the BRCA1 gene through genetic screening can allow for earlier treatments or more frequent check-ups. This targeting of the tumour at earlier stages can make the treatment more effective," explains Dr. Ilaria Ceppi.

Although the path to drug development is still lengthy, the researchers are already gaining international recognition for their accomplishments. "It is incredibly satisfying to see that the hard work and countless hours spent in the laboratory have resulted in such an important outcome. This result has the potential to have a significant impact, especially in the development of new treatments," Dr. Maria Rosaria Dello Stritto concludes. The discovery marks a significant advancement in the battle against cancer while we wait for science to transform this knowledge into new treatments for patients.

Below is the full report, broadcast by RSI's "Il Quotidiano".