Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions: Regulation D

Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions

Supplementary Information

I. Statutory and Regulatory Background

For monetary policy purposes, section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act ("Act") imposes reserve requirements on certain types of deposits and other liabilities of depository institutions. ⁽¹⁾ Regulation D, which implements section 19 of the Act, requires that a depository institution meet reserve requirements by holding cash in its vault, or if vault cash is insufficient, by maintaining a balance in an account at a Federal Reserve Bank ("Reserve Bank"). ⁽²⁾ Section 19 also provides that balances maintained by or on behalf of certain institutions in an account at a Reserve Bank may receive earnings to be paid by the Reserve Bank at least once each quarter, at a rate or rates not to exceed the general level of short-term interest rates. ⁽³⁾ Institutions that are eligible to receive earnings on their balances held at Reserve Banks ("eligible institutions") include depository institutions and certain other institutions. ⁽⁴⁾ Section 19 also provides that the Board may prescribe regulations concerning the payment of earnings on balances at a Reserve Bank. ⁽⁵⁾ Prior to these amendments, Regulation D established IORB at 5.4 percent. ⁽⁶⁾

II. Amendment to IORB

The Board is amending § 204.10(b)(1) of Regulation D to establish IORB at 4.9 percent. The amendment represents a 0.5 percentage point decrease in IORB. This decision was announced on September 18, 2024, with an effective date of September 19, 2024, in the Federal Reserve Implementation Note that accompanied the FOMC's statement on September 18, 2024. The FOMC statement stated that the Committee decided to lower the target range for the federal funds rate to 4 3/4 to 5 percent.

The Federal Reserve Implementation Note stated:

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System voted unanimously to lower the interest rate paid on reserve balances to 4.9 percent, effective September 19, 2024.

As a result, the Board is amending § 204.10(b)(1) of Regulation D to establish IORB at 4.9 percent.

III. Administrative Procedure Act

In general, the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA")  ⁽⁷⁾ imposes three principal requirements when an agency promulgates legislative rules (rules made pursuant to Congressionally-delegated authority): (1) publication with adequate notice of a proposed rule; (2) followed by a meaningful opportunity for the public to comment on the rule's content; and (3) publication of the final rule not less than 30 days before its effective date. The APA provides that notice and comment procedures do not apply if the agency for good cause finds them to be "unnecessary, impracticable, or contrary to the public interest."  ⁽⁸⁾ Section 553(d) of the APA also provides that publication at least 30 days prior to a rule's effective date is not required for (1) a substantive rule which grants or recognizes an exemption or relieves a restriction; (2) interpretive rules and statements of policy; or (3) a rule for which the agency finds good cause for shortened notice and publishes its reasoning with the rule. ⁽⁹⁾

The Board has determined that good cause exists for finding that the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date provisions of the APA are unnecessary, impracticable, or contrary to the public interest with respect to these final amendments to Regulation D. The rate change for IORB that is reflected in the final amendment to Regulation D was made with a view towards accommodating commerce and business and with regard to their bearing upon the general credit situation of the country. Notice and public comment would prevent the Board's action from being effective as promptly as necessary in the public interest and would not otherwise serve any useful purpose. Notice, public comment, and a delayed effective date would create uncertainty about the finality and effectiveness of the Board's action and undermine the effectiveness of that action. Accordingly, the Board has determined that good cause exists to dispense with the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date procedures of the APA with respect to this final amendment to Regulation D.

IV. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

The Regulatory Flexibility Act ("RFA") does not apply to a rulemaking where a general notice of proposed rulemaking is not required. ⁽¹⁰⁾ As noted previously, the Board has determined that it is unnecessary and contrary to the public interest to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking for this final rule. Accordingly, the RFA's requirements relating to an initial and final regulatory flexibility analysis do not apply.

V. Paperwork Reduction Act

In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act ("PRA") of 1995, ⁽¹¹⁾ the Board reviewed the final rule under the authority delegated to the Board by the Office of Management and Budget. The final rule contains no requirements subject to the PRA.

Authority and Issuance

For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Board amends 12 CFR part 204 as follows:

Part 204 Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions Regulation D

[FR Doc. 2024-21909 Filed 9-24-24; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6210-01-P

⁽¹⁾  12 U.S.C. 461(b). In March 2020, the Board set all reserve requirement ratios to zero percent. See Interim Final Rule, 85 FR 16525 (Mar. 24, 2020); Final Rule, 86 FR 8853 (Feb. 10, 2021).

⁽²⁾  12 CFR 204.5(a)(1).

⁽³⁾  12 U.S.C. 461(b)(1)(A) and (b)(12)(A).

⁽⁴⁾  See 12 U.S.C. 461(b)(1)(A) & (b)(12)(C); see also 12 CFR 204.2(y).

⁽⁵⁾  See 12 U.S.C. 461(b)(12)(B).

⁽⁶⁾  See 12 CFR 204.10(b)(1).

⁽⁷⁾  5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.

⁽⁸⁾  5 U.S.C. 553(b)(3)(A).

⁽⁹⁾  5 U.S.C. 553(d).

⁽¹⁰⁾  5 U.S.C. 603, 604.

⁽¹¹⁾  44 U.S.C. 3506; see 5 CFR part 1320 Appendix A.1.