Older adults may face obstacles to good nutrition

Older adults may face obstacles to good nutrition

Friday, November 15, 2024

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Proper nutrition is essential for good health; however, some older adults may deal with issues that can hinder healthy eating.

A lifestyle that includes good nutrition and physical activity can help keep a person healthy and may lower the risk of some diseases, said Janice Hermann, Oklahoma State University Extension nutrition specialist.

"The nutritional needs for older adults are about the same as for younger adults, although they typically need fewer calories due to muscle loss and reduced physical activity that often comes as people age," Hermann said. "Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy and lean protein are important components of a healthy diet and help maintain muscle and bone health."

Although the importance of eating well-balanced meals is well-known, physical factors such as mouth and tooth pain, tooth loss, chewing and swallowing problems, food intolerances, digestive issues and changes in vision/taste/smell can impact an older adult's food intake. Older adults may have less strength, energy, mobility and balance needed to shop for and prepare meals.

Hermann said some favorite foods may not taste the same, which can result in a decreased interest in eating. Changes in digestion and food tolerance can get in the way of good nutrition. Also, saliva can decrease with age, so foods may be dry and difficult to swallow.

"Soft foods such as scrambled eggs, steamed vegetables, soft fruits, and soups and stews are good choices for individuals who have difficulty chewing," she said. "Adding sauces or gravies can also make foods easier to swallow. Fruit smoothies can help boost fruit consumption."

Older adults dealing with tooth loss may have a difficult time eating some of their favorite foods, which can result in decreased nutrition. The inability to chew foods thoroughly also can increase the risk of choking. Selecting soft, nutrient-dense foods will help ensure a healthy diet is consumed.

"Steaming vegetables will make them softer and easier to eat. Also, try cooking apples and pears to increase fruit consumption," Hermann said. "Try to avoid soft foods that are loaded with refined carbohydrates because they are typically higher in fat, added sugar and calories."

Consuming plenty of dairy products will help older adults consume adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D to keep their bones healthy. Three servings of fat-free or low-fat milk, yogurt or cheese will meet the daily dietary requirements. Lactose-free milk or calcium-fortified soy beverages are good choices for those who are lactose intolerant. A smoothie made with fresh or frozen fruit and yogurt is a good way to increase calcium and fruit intake.

Social and emotional changes, such as loneliness and depression, also affect food intake. In addition, some medications can cause nausea and decreased appetite.

How can family members help the older generation with good nutrition? Offer to go along on a shopping trip. This offers companionship and helps ease the physical demands of shopping. Plan a meal that includes the older person. Family members can help prepare meals to make it easier for the older person.

"Nutrition is important through all stages of life. Seniors certainly will benefit from eating a well-balanced diet," Hermann said.

The OSU Extension website offers more information on nutrition, wellness and health.

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