23/08/2024 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 23/08/2024 22:10
It's that time of year to give a shout out to Ooma's favorite woman in telecom history. Emma M. Nutt Day is celebrated September 1, which fittingly comes on the coattails of Women's Equality Day! Nutt was the first female telephone operator. Her contribution to the telephone industry has been recognized by the National Museum of American History, which in 1984 organized a one-day special event called "All Alone by the Telephone" to honor her.
Emma Nutt was an 18-year-old who had worked in a telegraph office before Alexander Graham Bell hired her as an operator in Boston. Her first day was September 1, 1878. Nutt wasn't the lone woman telephone operator for long; her sister Stella was hired as an operator shortly afterward. While Stella left after a few years to get married, Emma was successful in her position as a telephone operator and worked in the industry for more than 30 years. According to Wikipedia, she had memorized every number in the New England Telephone Company directory. How many phone numbers have you memorized?
Nutt's position expected 54 hours of work per week, and she earned a monthly salary of $10. To put that into perspective, in 1878 the average monthly rent for a 4-room tenement was $5.55, a bushel of potatoes cost 98 cents, and a quarter got you either a dozen eggs or a pound of butter.
According to the New England Historical Society, nearly all telephone operators were women by the end of the 1880s. Why? Some companies preferred to hire women because it was thought they were better with customers than the teenage boys first hired to do the job. Even so, the women had more than a few discriminatory hurdles to overcome.
To get hired, the women had to be:
And they could not be:
In the beginning days of the telephone, you would make a phone call to a telephone exchange, talk to the operator, and ask them to connect you to a specific person. To complete the call, the telephone operator would connect cables. Long-distance calls required several connections.
In time, female telephone operators gained status and even a certain amount of power. They received additional training to help them better understand accents and foreign dialects. They led strikes for better pay and worked during the First World War in the Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit. By 1930, there were approximately 235,000 female telephone operators in the United States.
The number of telephone operator jobs has dwindled in the U.S. due to technology and automation. The decline began in the 1930s when it became possible to directly dial phone numbers. By 1940, there were fewer than 200,000 phone operators in the U.S.
In 1984, there were approximately 40,000 telephone operators at AT&T. By 1996, AT&T had only 8,000 telephone operators across the U.S. As of May 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that there were 4,600 telephone operators in the U.S. and they earned a mean annual wage of $42,100.
There are many ways to celebrate Emma Nutt Day, depending on your interests. Here are a few ideas.
Change how you make phone calls for a day. Female telephone operators became successful partially because it was thought they were more reliable and polite than teenage boys. Honor Emma Nutt Day by taking extra time to listen and be extra courteous on your personal and business phone calls.
Celebrate women in the communications industry. Emma Nutt is not the only woman who made a significant contribution to communications. For instance, the Women in Cable Telecommunications organization has a Walk of Fame event that honors women like Jennifer Andreoli-Fang, a noted technologist who earned a Ph.D. and more than 80 patents, and Dana Filip Crandall, who held several executive positions in the industry.
Enjoy music about phone calls. Ooma has created a National Telephone Day playlist on Spotify with 13 songs referencing phone calls. If you don't have a Spotify account, check out some of these classics:
Visit a telecommunications museum. Seriously, there are more than you'd expect. Here is just a sampling:
Ask the women in your family members about their careers. How much do you know about the work and careers of women in your life? To honor Emma Nutt Day, consider calling your mother, sister, aunt or other family member and asking about their careers.
Share your thoughts on Emma Nutt Day on social media. Your friends might not have heard of Emma Nutt's accomplishments. Spread the word; post about Emma Nutt on September 1 using the hashtag #emmanuttday. Consider adding a short historical summary in your post or make it easy on yourself and share a link to this one.
Learn about other significant women in science and technology. For example, British mathematician Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) saw the potential for computers beyond math. There is also Marie Curie (1867-1934), a physicist and chemist who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win two. Other impressive women include Jane Goodall (a noted primate scientist who won numerous awards), Katherine Johnson (a mathematician and NASA's first human computer), and Kalpana Chawla (a NASA astronaut who was the first woman of Indian heritage to travel in space).
Wish Lily Tomlin a happy birthday. Coincidentally, September 1 is the birthday of the comedian who made the catch line "One Ringy Dingy" famous by portraying Ernestine, a snippy telephone operator, on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In and Saturday Night Live.
Telephone technology has come a long way since the time of Alexander Graham Bell and Emma Nutt. Today, you can make low-cost international calls through the internet, take your home phone on the go with our mobile app and much more with Ooma.
Photo credit: Public Domain photo from Picryl.com