11/05/2024 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 11/05/2024 13:52
CATALYST NASDAQ-100 HEDGED EQUITY FUND
Class A: CLPAX Class C: CLPCX Class I: CLPFX
SUMMARY PROSPECTUS
November 1, 2024
Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund's complete prospectus, which contains more information about the Fund and its risks. You can find the Fund's prospectus and other information about the Fund at https://catalystmf.com/literature-and-forms/. You can also get this information at no cost by calling 1-866-447-4228, emailing [email protected] or by asking any financial intermediary that offers shares of the Fund. The Fund's prospectus and statement of additional information, both dated November 1, 2024 are incorporated by reference into this summary prospectus and may be obtained, free of charge, at the website or phone number noted above.
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FUND SUMMARY: CATALYST NASDAQ-100 HEDGED EQUITY FUND
Investment Objective: The Fund's objective is long-term capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the section of the Fund's prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 122 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund's Statement of Additional Information entitled Reduction of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 63 and Waiver of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 63.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A |
Class C |
Class I |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) |
5.75% | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a % of the original purchase price) |
1.00%1 | None | None |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions |
None | None | None |
Redemption Fee | None | None | None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
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Management Fees | 1.25% | 1.25% | 1.25% |
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.25% | 1.00% | 0.00% |
Other Expenses | 1.10% | 1.10% | 1.10% |
Interest/Dividend Expense | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% |
Remaining Other Expenses | 1.00% | 1.00% | 1.00% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses2 | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.03% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 2.63% | 3.38% | 2.38% |
Fee Waiver and Reimbursement 3 | (0.76)% | (0.76)% | (0.76)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and Reimbursement | 1.87% | 2.62% | 1.62% |
1 The 1.00% maximum deferred sales charge may be assessed in the case of investments at or above the $1 million breakpoint (where you do not pay an initial sales charge) on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
2Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund's financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.
3 The Fund's advisor, Catalyst Capital Advisors LLC (the "Advisor") has contractually agreed to waive advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to limit total annual fund operating expenses (excluding brokerage costs; borrowing costs such as (a) interest and (b) dividends on securities sold short; underlying fund expenses; taxes and, extraordinary expenses, such as regulatory inquiry and litigation expenses) at 1.74%, 2.49% and 1.49% for Class A shares, Class C shares and Class I shares, respectively, through October 31, 2025. This agreement may be terminated by the Trust's Board of Trustees only on 60 days' written notice to the Advisor, by the Advisor with the consent of the Board of Trustees, or upon the termination of the advisory agreement between the Trust and the Advisor. Fee waivers and expense reimbursements are subject to possible recoupment by the advisor from the Fund in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) so long as such recoupment does not cause the Fund's expense ratio (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed the lesser of: (i) the Fund's expense limitation at the time such expenses were waived and (ii) the Fund's current expense limitation at the time of recoupment.
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Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated, and then hold or redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example only accounts for the Fund's expense limitation through its expiration period, October 31, 2025, and then depicts the Fund's total annual expenses thereafter. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
YEAR | Class A | Class C | Class I |
1 | $754 | $265 | $165 |
3 | $1,277 | $968 | $670 |
5 | $1,826 | $1,695 | $1,202 |
10 | $3,315 | $3,616 | $2,658 |
Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. The portfolio turnover rate of the Fund for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 was 35% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies:
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities that constitute the NASDAQ-100 Index® ("NDX"). For the purpose of this 80% policy, equity securities that constitute the NDX include the common stock of companies comprising the NDX; exchange traded funds ("ETFs") and exchange traded notes ("ETNs") that track the NDX; and futures and options on futures on the NDX. The Fund considers its investment in derivatives when determining its compliance with this policy. The Fund generally invests in common stock using a near replication methodology, meaning it seeks to invest in most of the companies comprising the NDX in near proportion to the weightings in the NDX. The NDX is a large-capitalization growth index comprised of the 100 largest domestic and international (including emerging markets) non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market based on market capitalization. The NDX is concentrated in the technology sector.
The Fund seeks to hedge the majority of NDX risk by investing up to 20% of its assets in futures contracts on the Cboe Volatility Index® (the "VIX Index") or other volatility-related products; options on the index futures; and in cash and cash equivalents, including U.S. Treasury obligations, as a volatility overlay. Volatility is the variation of the trading price over a period of time. The VIX Index is a measure of the stock market's expectation of volatility based on S&P 500 Index options. The VIX Index is calculated based on roughly 30-day expiring S&P 500 Index options. The Fund may hold both long and short positions in the index futures at the same time.
The Fund invests a portion of its assets in VIX futures or other volatility-related products utilizing the same methodology as the Equity Armor Investments VOL 365 Trading Strategy (the "EAVOL
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Trading Strategy"), a strategy based on a proprietary VIX futures trading strategy that seeks to correlate to VIX futures returns. The Fund primarily invests in VIX futures or other volatility-related products and seeks to achieve high correlation to the return of the EAVOL Trading Strategy for this component of the Fund's portfolio. The EAVOL Trading Strategy was created by the Fund's investment sub-advisor, Equity Armor Investments, LLC (the "Sub-Advisor"), and is constructed pursuant to a rules-based volatility analysis that identifies investments that present the least potential for time decay (i.e., the decline in the value of a contract over the passage of time) while maintaining the highest correlation to VIX futures price movement each day. Historically, VIX futures negatively correlate to equity price movement. Therefore, the EAVOL Trading Strategy may appreciate during times of downward equity prices or when market forecasts expect movement in equity prices. Likewise, when equity prices appreciate or when the market does not expect movement in equity prices, the EAVOL Trading Strategy is likely to decline in value. Volatility analysis includes the study of price, momentum, future curves, as well as recurring price patterns. The EAVOL Trading Strategy consists primarily of VIX futures. The components of the EAVOL Trading Strategy are adjusted on a daily basis. The Fund adjusts this component of the portfolio on a daily basis in order to closely track the EAVOL Trading Strategy.
The Sub-Advisor may, during times of high market volatility, choose to trade securities related to the VIX Index, such as S&P 500 Index futures, options on S&P 500 and NASDAQ-100 Index or XND futures and options, and VIX options, in order to achieve the volatility overlay to the Fund's equity exposure, if the Sub-Advisor determines that such instruments provide greater access to volatility and, at such time, the EAVOL Trading Strategy. The use of S&P 500 Index futures and options thereon will typically be used in adverse market conditions. Because S&P 500 Index options provide a proxy for the VIX index and VIX futures, S&P 500 Index options correlate to VIX futures. Because S&P 500 Index futures and options thereon eventually settle into the S&P 500 Index monthly expiration, the Sub-Advisor may choose to trade such securities in place of, or in addition to, index futures.
The volatility overlay aims to minimize possible losses that are common in stock indexes so that investors might be able to ride-out market swings in pursuit of their long-term investment objectives. The volatility overlay has an associated cost. If the NDX rises for a long period of time, the Fund may never show any gains. The Fund's strategy has no annualized target for the level of volatility it seeks to achieve under normal circumstances. There may be times that the Sub-Advisor determines not to implement the Fund's volatility hedging strategy.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund:
As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund's net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant.
The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk: At any time, the Fund may have significant investments in cash and cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash and cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time. Additionally, in rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents may adversely affect the Fund's performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial instrument held by the Fund or by a special purpose or structured vehicle invested in by the Fund may become insolvent or otherwise fail to perform its obligations, and the Fund may obtain no or limited recovery of its investment, and any recovery may be significantly delayed.
Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund's returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund's ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. If the derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index.
Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries and security issuers may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market securities also tend to be less liquid. There may also be less reliable or publicly available information about emerging markets due to non-uniform regulatory, auditing or financial recordkeeping standards, which could cause errors in the implementation of the Fund's investment strategy. The Fund's performance may depend on issues other than those that affect U.S. companies and may be adversely affected by different rights and remedies associated with emerging market investments, or the lack thereof, compared to those associated with U.S. companies.
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Equity Security Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.
ETFs Risk. Like an open-end investment company (mutual fund), the value of an ETF can fluctuate based on the prices of the securities owned by the ETF, and ETFs are also subject to the following additional risks: (i) the ETF's market price may be less than its net asset value; (ii) an active market for the ETF may not develop; and (iii) market trading in the ETF may be halted under certain circumstances. Shareholders of the Fund will bear the expenses of the Fund's investment in ETFs as well as the Fund's own operating expenses.
Exchange Traded Notes Risk. Similar to ETFs, owning an ETN generally reflects the risks of owning the assets that comprise the underlying market benchmark or strategy that the ETN is designed to reflect. ETNs also are subject to issuer and fixed-income risk.
Foreign Investment Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Investing in emerging markets imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries.
Futures Contract Risk: The successful use of futures contracts draws upon the Sub-Advisor's skill and experience with respect to such instruments and are subject to special risk considerations. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by the Fund and the price of the futures contract; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) investments in futures contracts involves leverage, which means a small percentage of assets in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund and the Fund can lose more than the principal amount invested; (d) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (e) the Sub-Advisor's inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; (f) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations; and (g) if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, and the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Hedging Risk. Hedging is a strategy in which the Fund uses a derivative to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. There can be no assurance that the Fund's hedging strategy will reduce risk or that hedging transactions will be either available or cost effective.
Large Capitalization Stock Risk. Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies
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may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.
Leverage Risk. Using derivatives like options to increase the Fund's combined long and short exposure creates leverage, which can magnify the Fund's potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund's share price.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to sell. Although most of the Fund's securities must be liquid at the time of investment, the Fund may purchase illiquid investments and securities may become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. When the Fund holds illiquid investments, the Fund's investments may be harder to value, especially in changing markets, and if the Fund is forced to sell these investments to meet redemptions or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss. In addition, when there is illiquidity in the market for certain securities, the Fund, due to limitations on investments in illiquid investments, may be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. Some investments held by the Fund may be difficult to sell, or illiquid, particularly during times of market turmoil. Illiquid investments may also be difficult to value. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the Fund may be forced to sell at a loss.
Managed Volatility Risk. Techniques used by the Sub-Advisor to manage the volatility of the Fund's investments carry the risks that such techniques may not protect against market declines. The techniques may also limit the Fund's participation in market gains, particularly during periods where market values are increasing but market volatility is high. Further, such techniques may increase portfolio transaction costs, which could result in losses or reduced gains. They also may not be successful as the techniques are subject to the Sub-Advisor's ability to correctly analyze and implement the volatility management techniques in a timely manner.
Management Risk. The portfolio managers' judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular stocks, options or other securities in which the Fund invests or sells short may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the portfolio managers' judgment will produce the desired results.
Market Risk. Overall stock market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as domestic economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.
Model and Data Risk. Like all quantitative analysis, the investment models utilized by the Sub-Advisor carry the risk that the ranking system, valuation results and predictions might be based on one or more incorrect assumptions, insufficient historical data, inadequate design, or may not be suitable for the purpose intended. In addition, models may not perform as intended for many reasons including errors, omissions, imperfections or malfunctions. Because the use of models are usually based on data supplied by third parties, the success of the Sub-Advisor's use of such models is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied data. Historical data inputs may be subject to revision or corrections, which may diminish data reliability and quality of predictive
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results. Changing and unforeseen market dynamics could also lead to a decrease in the short-term or long-term effectiveness of a model. Models may lose their predictive validity and incorrectly forecast future market behavior and asset prices, leading to potential losses. No assurance can be given that a model will be successful under all or any market conditions.
Options Market Risk. Markets for options may not always operate on a fair and orderly basis. At times, prices for options may not represent fair market value and prices may be subject to manipulation, which may be extreme under some circumstances. The dysfunction and manipulation of volatility and options markets may make it difficult for the fund to effectively implement its investment strategy and achieve its objectives and could potentially lead to significant losses.
Options Risk. There are risks associated with the Fund's use of options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not rise above the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. As the buyer of a put option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not fall below the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. Conversely, as a seller (writer) of a call option or put option, the Fund will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above (written call option) or falls below (written put option) the respective option's strike price. The Fund's losses are potentially large in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in an unhedged written call transaction.
Additionally, purchased options may decline in value due to changes in price of the underlying reference instrument, passage of time and changes in volatility. Generally, options may not be an effective hedge because they may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund's portfolio securities. Further, the underlying reference instrument on which the option is based may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund's portfolio securities. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account. Options are also subject to leverage and volatility risk, liquidity risk, tracking risk (the risk that an option's returns will deviate from a benchmark) and sub-strategy risk (the risk that hedging sub-strategies will not perform as expected).
Sector Exposure Risk. Sector exposure risk is the possibility that securities within the same sector will decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. If the Fund invests more heavily in a particular sector, the value of its shares may be especially sensitive to factors and economic risks that specifically affect that sector. As a result, the Fund's share price may fluctuate more widely than the value of shares of a mutual fund that invests in a broader range of sectors.
Technology Sector Risk. Technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel.
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Short Position Risk. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short position, in securities or futures, if the price of the short position instrument increases in value between the date of the short position sale and the date on which an offsetting position is purchased. Losses due to short sales are potentially unlimited. Short positions may be considered speculative transactions and involve special risks, including greater reliance on the Sub-Advisor's ability to accurately anticipate the future value of a security or instrument.
U.S. Agency Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. government or agency obligations. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Volatility Risk. Significant short-term price movements could adversely impact the performance of the Fund. Market conditions in which significant price movements develop, but then repeatedly reverse, could cause substantial losses due to prices moving against the Fund's long or short positions (which are based on prior trends). The performance of the Fund is based in part on the prices of one or more of the VIX Futures or other volatility products in which the Fund invests. Each of the equity securities held by the Fund and the volatility products are affected by a variety of factors and may change unpredictably, affecting the value of such equity securities and volatility products and, consequently, the value and the market price of the Fund's shares.
Performance:
The bar chart shown below provides an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the total return of its Class A shares for each full calendar year. Although Class C and Class I shares have similar annual returns to Class A shares because the classes are invested in the same portfolio of securities, the returns for Class C and Class I shares are different from Class A shares because Class C and Class I shares have different expenses than Class A shares. The table shows average annual total returns for Class A, Class C and Class I shares and how the Fund's average annual returns compare over time with those of a broad-based market index and a supplemental index. Sales charges are reflected in the information shown below in the table, but the information shown in the bar chart does not reflect sales charges, and, if it did, returns would be lower. The Fund's investment strategy changed on October 1, 2020. Prior to October 1, 2020, the Fund was managed by a different sub-advisor with different investment strategies and policies. The performance data below for periods prior to October 1, 2020 reflects a different investment strategy. Consequently, the performance record may be less pertinent for investors considering whether to purchase shares of the Fund. How the Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
Updated performance information is available at no cost by calling 1-866-447-4228 and on the Fund's website at www.CatalystMF.com.
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Catalyst Nasdaq-100 Hedged Equity Fund Annual Total Returns
for Years Ended December 31
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 15.30% (quarter ended March 31, 2023), and the lowest return for a quarter was (19.33)% (quarter ended June 30, 2022). The Fund's Class A year-to-date return as of September 30, 2024 was 8.70%.
Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2023)
Class A | 1 Year |
5 Year |
10 Year |
Return Before Taxes | 28.06% | 4.81% | 3.81% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | 28.06% | 4.16% | 2.74% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
16.61% |
3.47% |
2.47% |
Class C | |||
Return Before Taxes | 34.70% | 5.25% | 3.60% |
1 Year |
5 Year |
Since Inception (6/6/2014) |
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Class I |
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Return Before Taxes | 36.16% | 6.31% | 4.15% |
S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 26.29% | 15.69% |
12.03% (10 years) 11.87% (Since 6/6/2014) |
NASDAQ - 100 Total Return Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 55.13% | 22.66% |
17.91% (10 years) 18.03% (Since 6/6/2014) |
After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a
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shareholder's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant for shareholders who hold Fund shares in tax-deferred accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. After-tax returns are only shown for Class A shares. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Advisor: Catalyst Capital Advisors LLC is the Fund's investment advisor.
Sub-Advisor: Equity Armor Investments, LLC, serves as the Fund's investment sub-advisor.
Portfolio Managers: Brian Stutland, Managing Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of the Sub-Advisor; Afshin Luke Rahbari, Managing Member and a Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor; and Joseph Tigay, Chief Trading Officer and a Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, serve as the Fund's Portfolio Managers and are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Rahbari is the Fund's Lead Portfolio Manager. Messrs. Stutland, Rahbari, and Tigay have served the Fund as Portfolio Managers since September 2020.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial investment in each share class of the Fund is $2,500 for a regular account, $2,500 for tax-deferred plans, such as IRA and 401(k) accounts, or $100 for an automatic investment plan account. The minimum subsequent investment in the Fund is $50. You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the Transfer Agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.
Tax Information: Dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-deferred plan such as an IRA or 401(k) plan. If you are investing in a tax-deferred plan, distributions may be taxable upon withdrawal from the plan.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
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