September: What's New from the Fertility and Sterility Family of Journals

September: What's New from the Fertility and Sterility Family of Journals

Here's a peek at this month's issues from our family of journals! As an ASRM Member, you can access all of our journals.

From Fertility and Sterility

In vitro fertilization practice in patients with absolute uterine factor undergoing uterus transplant in the United States

Thirty-one uterus transplant recipients were included in this study. Before transplant, recipients completed a mean of two oocyte retrievals (range 1-4), banking a mean of eight untested embryos (range 3-24) or six euploid embryos (range 2-10). Posttransplant retrieval cycles were required in 19% (n = 6/31) of recipients, for a total of 16 cycles (range 2-4 cycles per recipient). All posttransplant retrievals were performed vaginally without complications. The overall LBR after the first ET was 57% (n = 13/23) and rose to 74% (n = 17/23) after a second ET. There was no difference in rate of preeclampsia, live birth, neonatal birth, or placental weights among programmed vs. natural cycle frozen ETs. There were no differences in the LBR between living or deceased donor uteri (37% vs. 32%). Future reporting of IVF treatment experiences will be essential to optimizing reproductive outcomes after a uterus transplant.

From F&S Reports

Progesterone in frozen embryo transfer cycles: assays, circulating concentrations, metabolites, and molecular action

Programmed or medicated frozen embryo transfer cycles rely on exogenous progesterone (P) administration to prepare the endometrium for implantation and maintain pregnancy. Presently, the optimal route and dose of P replacement for frozen embryo transfer are not known. This mini-review discusses how different P assay methodologies affect the determination of P thresholds for implantation and pregnancy maintenance. In addition, it discusses the importance of free P and its regulation in the endometrium and show the complexity of molecular signaling that is required for P-dependent endometrial receptivity. Future studies should focus on defining accurate circulating and endometrial P concentrations, both for total and free P, and how these concentrations correlate with endometrial receptivity and clinical outcomes.

From F&S Science

A seed or soil problem in early endometriosis: stromal cell origin drives cellular invasion and coupling over mesothelial cell origin

This paper studied the role of the mesothelial cells in early endometriosis lesion formation by assessing in vitro cell-to-cell communication and invasion of endometrial cells across a mesothelial cell monolayer, with both cell types derived from both patients with endometriosis and control patients. Although both endometrial and mesothelial cells need to function for establishment of endometriosis lesions, the endometrium seems to be the key player, serving as an ideal target for diagnostic strategies and therapeutic intervention. While this notion is consistent with previous studies, this is the first to directly test both primary mesothelial and endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis and control patients to compare propensities for mesothelial invasion.

From F&S Reviews

Polycystic ovary syndrome and miscarriage: a narrative review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Although women with PCOS are often identified when presenting for oligomenorrhea or infertility care, PCOS is also linked to several metabolic morbidities, which may predispose to poor reproductive outcomes. Research has also suggested a possible independent association between PCOS and miscarriage, although available data are conflicting. This review focuses on the current literature regarding the risk of miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss in women with PCOS. First, it gives an overview of the prevalence of miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss in this population and identify study limitations that contribute to the conflicting data regarding the potential association. Subsequently, it reviews the current literature on obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, thrombophilia, hyperandrogenism, oocyte, and embryo quality and viability, endometrial receptivity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, in addition to the efficacy of potential risk-mitigating interventions for miscarriage in women with PCOS.

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