12/17/2024 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 12/17/2024 16:24
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
December 13, 2024 Medium-Term Senior Notes, Series N Pricing Supplement No. 2024-USNCH24862 Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement Nos. 333-270327 and 333-270327-01 |
Barrier Securities Linked to the Worst Performing of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index and the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index Due December 18, 2030
▪ | The securities offered by this pricing supplement are unsecured debt securities issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not pay interest and do not repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, the securities offer a payment at maturity that may be greater than, equal to or less than the stated principal amount, depending on the performance of the worst performing of the underlyings specified below from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value. |
▪ | The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index tracks futures contracts on the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index tracks futures contracts on the S&P 500® Index. The underlyings are expected to underperform the total return performance of the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index, respectively, because of implicit financing costs. See "Summary Risk Factors" for more information. |
▪ | The securities offer modified exposure to the performance of the worst performing underlying, with (i) the opportunity to participate in any appreciation of the worst performing underlying at the upside participation rate specified below and (ii) contingent repayment of the stated principal amount at maturity if the worst performing underlying depreciates, but only so long as its final underlying value is greater than or equal to its final barrier value specified below. In exchange for these features, investors in the securities must be willing to forgo any dividends with respect to any underlying. In addition, investors in the securities must be willing to accept full downside exposure to the depreciation of the worst performing underlying if its final underlying value is less than its final barrier value. If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final barrier value, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of your securities for every 1% by which its final underlying value is less than its initial underlying value. You may lose your entire investment in the securities. |
▪ | You will be subject to risks associated with each of the underlyings and will be negatively affected by adverse movements in any one of the underlyings. |
▪ | In order to obtain the modified exposure to the worst performing underlying that the securities provide, investors must be willing to accept (i) exposure to indices that are expected to underperform the total return of the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index, (ii) an investment that may have limited or no liquidity and (iii) the risk of not receiving any amount due under the securities if we and Citigroup Inc. default on our obligations. All payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. |
KEY TERMS | |
Issuer: | Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc. |
Guarantee: | All payments due on the securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. |
Underlyings: | Underlying | Initial underlying value* | Final barrier value** |
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index | 331.03 | 198.618 | |
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index | 513.13 | 307.878 |
*For each underlying, its closing value on the pricing date **For each underlying, 60.00% of its initial underlying value |
Stated principal amount: | $1,000 per security | ||
Pricing date: | December 13, 2024 | ||
Issue date: | December 18, 2024 | ||
Valuation date: | December 13, 2030, subject to postponement if such date is not a scheduled trading day or certain market disruption events occur | ||
Maturity date: | December 18, 2030 | ||
Payment at maturity: |
You will receive at maturity for each security you then hold: § If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is greater than its initial underlying value: $1,000 + the return amount § If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than or equal to its initial underlying value but greater than or equal to its final barrier value: $1,000 § If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final barrier value: $1,000 + ($1,000 × the underlying return of the worst performing underlying) If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final barrier value, you will receive significantly less than the stated principal amount of your securities, and possibly nothing, at maturity. |
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Final underlying value: | For each underlying, its closing value on the valuation date | ||
Return amount: | $1,000 × the underlying return of the worst performing underlying × the upside participation rate | ||
Upside participation rate: | 286.25% | ||
Worst performing underlying: | The underlying with the lowest underlying return | ||
Underlying return: | For each underlying, (i) its final underlying value minus its initial underlying value, divided by (ii) its initial underlying value | ||
Listing: | The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange | ||
CUSIP / ISIN: | 17333AR84 / US17333AR844 | ||
Underwriter: | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. ("CGMI"), an affiliate of the issuer, acting as principal | ||
Underwriting fee and issue price: | Issue price(1) | Underwriting fee(2) | Proceeds to issuer(3) |
Per security: | $1,000.00 | $32.50 | $967.50 |
Total: | $1,450,000.00 | $47,125.00 | $1,402,875.00 |
(1) On the date of this pricing supplement, the estimated value of the securities is $935.10 per security, which is less than the issue price. The estimated value of the securities is based on CGMI's proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate. It is not an indication of actual profit to CGMI or other of our affiliates, nor is it an indication of the price, if any, at which CGMI or any other person may be willing to buy the securities from you at any time after issuance. See "Valuation of the Securities" in this pricing supplement.
(2) CGMI will receive an underwriting fee of up to $32.50 for each security sold in this offering. The total underwriting fee and proceeds to issuer in the table above give effect to the actual total underwriting fee. From this underwriting fee, CGMI will pay selected dealers not affiliated with CGMI a variable selling concession of up to $32.50 for each security they sell. In addition, CGMI will pay selected dealers not affiliated with CGMI a structuring fee of up to $9.00 for each security they sell. For more information on the distribution of the securities, see "Supplemental Plan of Distribution" in this pricing supplement. In addition to the underwriting fee, CGMI and its affiliates may profit from hedging activity related to this offering, even if the value of the securities declines. See "Use of Proceeds and Hedging" in the accompanying prospectus.
(3) The per security proceeds to issuer indicated above represent the minimum per security proceeds to issuer for any security, assuming the maximum per security underwriting fee. As noted above, the underwriting fee is variable.
Investing in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See "Summary Risk Factors" beginning on page PS-5.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities or determined that this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below:
Product Supplement No. EA-02-10 dated March 7, 2023 | Underlying Supplement No. 11 dated March 7, 2023 |
Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus each dated March 7, 2023
The securities are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Additional Information
The terms of the securities are set forth in the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, as supplemented by this pricing supplement. The accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus contain important disclosures that are not repeated in this pricing supplement. For example, the accompanying product supplement contains important information about how the closing value of each underlying will be determined and about adjustments that may be made to the terms of the securities upon the occurrence of market disruption events and other specified events with respect to each underlying. The accompanying underlying supplement contains information about the reference indices on which the underlyings are ultimately based that is not repeated in this pricing supplement. It is important that you read the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus together with this pricing supplement in connection with your investment in the securities. Certain terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement are defined in the accompanying product supplement.
Payout Diagram
The diagram below illustrates your payment at maturity for a range of hypothetical underlying returns of the worst performing underlying.
Investors in the securities will not receive any dividends with respect to the underlyings. The diagram and examples below do not show any effect of lost dividend yield over the term of the securities. See "Summary Risk Factors-You will not receive dividends or have any other rights with respect to the underlyings" below.
Payout Diagram | |
n The Securities | n The Worst Performing Underlying |
PS-2 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Hypothetical Examples
The examples below illustrate how to determine the payment at maturity on the securities, assuming the various hypothetical final underlying values indicated below. The examples are solely for illustrative purposes, do not show all possible outcomes and are not a prediction of what the actual payment at maturity on the securities will be. The actual payment at maturity will depend on the actual final underlying value of the worst performing underlying.
The examples below are based on the following hypothetical values and do not reflect the actual initial underlying values or final barrier values of the underlyings. For the actual initial underlying value and final barrier value of each underlying, see the cover page of this pricing supplement. We have used these hypothetical values, rather than the actual values, to simplify the calculations and aid understanding of how the securities work. However, you should understand that the actual payment at maturity on the securities will be calculated based on the actual initial underlying value and final barrier value of each underlying, and not the hypothetical values indicated below. For ease of analysis, figures below have been rounded.
Underlying | Hypothetical initial underlying value | Hypothetical final barrier value |
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index | 100.00 | 60.00 (60.00% of its hypothetical initial underlying value) |
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index | 100.00 | 60.00 (60.00% of its hypothetical initial underlying value) |
Example 1-Upside Scenario. The final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is 105.00, resulting in a 5.00% underlying return for the worst performing underlying. In this example, the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is greater than its initial underlying value.
Underlying | Hypothetical final underlying value | Hypothetical underlying return |
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index* | 105.00 | 5.00% |
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index | 140.00 | 40.00% |
* Worst performing underlying
Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 + the return amount
= $1,000 + ($1,000 × the underlying return of the worst performing underlying × the upside participation rate)
= $1,000 + ($1,000 × 5.00% × 286.25%)
= $1,000 + $143.125
= $1,143.125
In this scenario, the worst performing underlying has appreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value, and your total return at maturity would equal the underlying return of the worst performing underlying multiplied by the upside participation rate.
Example 2-Par Scenario. The final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is 95.00, resulting in a -5.00% underlying return for the worst performing underlying. In this example, the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its initial underlying value but greater than its final barrier value.
Underlying | Hypothetical final underlying value | Hypothetical underlying return |
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index | 130.00 | 30.00% |
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index* | 95.00 | -5.00% |
* Worst performing underlying
Payment at maturity per security = $1,000
In this scenario, the worst performing underlying has depreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value but not below its final barrier value. As a result, you would be repaid the stated principal amount of your securities at maturity but would not receive any positive return on your investment.
PS-3 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Example 3-Downside Scenario. The final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is 30.00, resulting in a -70.00% underlying return for the worst performing underlying. In this example, the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final barrier value.
Underlying | Hypothetical final underlying value | Hypothetical underlying return |
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index* | 30.00 | -70.00% |
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index | 105.00 | 5.00% |
* Worst performing underlying
Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 + ($1,000 × the underlying return of the worst performing underlying)
= $1,000 + ($1,000 × -70.00%)
= $1,000 + -$700.00
= $300.00
In this scenario, the worst performing underlying has depreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value and its final underlying value is less than its final barrier value. As a result, your total return at maturity in this scenario would be negative and would reflect 1-to-1 exposure to the negative performance of the worst performing underlying.
PS-4 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Summary Risk Factors
An investment in the securities is significantly riskier than an investment in conventional debt securities. The securities are subject to all of the risks associated with an investment in our conventional debt securities (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.), including the risk that we and Citigroup Inc. may default on our obligations under the securities, and are also subject to risks associated with each underlying. Accordingly, the securities are suitable only for investors who are capable of understanding the complexities and risks of the securities. You should consult your own financial, tax and legal advisors as to the risks of an investment in the securities and the suitability of the securities in light of your particular circumstances.
The following is a summary of certain key risk factors for investors in the securities. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of risks relating to an investment in the securities contained in the section "Risk Factors Relating to the Securities" beginning on page EA-7 in the accompanying product supplement. You should also carefully read the risk factors included in the accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus, including Citigroup Inc.'s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which describe risks relating to the business of Citigroup Inc. more generally.
§ | You may lose a significant portion or all of your investment. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, your payment at maturity will depend on the performance of the worst performing underlying. If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final barrier value, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of your securities for every 1% by which the worst performing underlying has depreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value. There is no minimum payment at maturity on the securities, and you may lose up to all of your investment. |
§ | The securities do not pay interest. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not pay interest or any other amounts prior to maturity. You should not invest in the securities if you seek current income during the term of the securities. |
§ | The securities are subject to heightened risk because they have multiple underlyings. The securities are more risky than similar investments that may be available with only one underlying. With multiple underlyings, there is a greater chance that any one underlying will perform poorly, adversely affecting your return on the securities. |
§ | The securities are subject to the risks of each of the underlyings and will be negatively affected if any one underlying performs poorly. You are subject to risks associated with each of the underlyings. If any one underlying performs poorly, you will be negatively affected. The securities are not linked to a basket composed of the underlyings, where the blended performance of the underlyings would be better than the performance of the worst performing underlying alone. Instead, you are subject to the full risks of whichever of the underlyings is the worst performing underlying. |
§ | You will not benefit in any way from the performance of any better performing underlying. The return on the securities depends solely on the performance of the worst performing underlying, and you will not benefit in any way from the performance of any better performing underlying. |
§ | You will be subject to risks relating to the relationship between the underlyings. It is preferable from your perspective for the underlyings to be correlated with each other, in the sense that their closing values tend to increase or decrease at similar times and by similar magnitudes. By investing in the securities, you assume the risk that the underlyings will not exhibit this relationship. The less correlated the underlyings, the more likely it is that any one of the underlyings will perform poorly over the term of the securities. All that is necessary for the securities to perform poorly is for one of the underlyings to perform poorly. It is impossible to predict what the relationship between the underlyings will be over the term of the securities. The underlyings differ in significant ways and, therefore, may not be correlated with each other. |
§ | You will not receive dividends or have any other rights with respect to the underlyings. You will not receive any dividends with respect to the underlyings. This lost dividend yield may be significant over the term of the securities. The payment scenarios described in this pricing supplement do not show any effect of such lost dividend yield over the term of the securities. In addition, you will not have voting rights or any other rights with respect to the underlyings or the stocks included in the underlyings. |
§ | Your payment at maturity depends on the closing value of the worst performing underlying on a single day. Because your payment at maturity depends on the closing value of the worst performing underlying solely on the valuation date, you are subject to the risk that the closing value of the worst performing underlying on that day may be lower, and possibly significantly lower, than on one or more other dates during the term of the securities. If you had invested in another instrument linked to the worst performing underlying that you could sell for full value at a time selected by you, or if the payment at maturity were based on an average of closing values of the worst performing underlying, you might have achieved better returns. |
§ | The securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. If we default on our obligations under the securities and Citigroup Inc. defaults on its guarantee obligations, you may not receive anything owed to you under the securities. |
§ | The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and you may not be able to sell them prior to maturity. The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the securities. CGMI currently intends to make a secondary market in relation to the securities and to provide an indicative bid price for the securities on a daily basis. Any indicative bid price for the securities provided by CGMI will be determined in CGMI's sole discretion, taking into account prevailing market conditions and other relevant factors, and will not be a representation by CGMI that the securities can be sold at that price, or at all. CGMI may suspend or terminate making a market and providing indicative bid prices without notice, at any time and for any reason. If CGMI suspends or terminates making a market, there may be no secondary market at all for the securities because it is likely that CGMI will be the only broker-dealer that is willing to buy your securities prior to maturity. Accordingly, an investor must be prepared to hold the securities until maturity. |
PS-5 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
§ | The estimated value of the securities on the pricing date, based on CGMI's proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate, is less than the issue price. The difference is attributable to certain costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the securities that are included in the issue price. These costs include (i) any selling concessions or other fees paid in connection with the offering of the securities, (ii) hedging and other costs incurred by us and our affiliates in connection with the offering of the securities and (iii) the expected profit (which may be more or less than actual profit) to CGMI or other of our affiliates in connection with hedging our obligations under the securities. These costs adversely affect the economic terms of the securities because, if they were lower, the economic terms of the securities would be more favorable to you. The economic terms of the securities are also likely to be adversely affected by the use of our internal funding rate, rather than our secondary market rate, to price the securities. See "The estimated value of the securities would be lower if it were calculated based on our secondary market rate" below. |
§ | The estimated value of the securities was determined for us by our affiliate using proprietary pricing models. CGMI derived the estimated value disclosed on the cover page of this pricing supplement from its proprietary pricing models. In doing so, it may have made discretionary judgments about the inputs to its models, such as the volatility of, and correlation between, the closing values of the underlyings, dividend yields on the underlyings and interest rates. CGMI's views on these inputs may differ from your or others' views, and as an underwriter in this offering, CGMI's interests may conflict with yours. Both the models and the inputs to the models may prove to be wrong and therefore not an accurate reflection of the value of the securities. Moreover, the estimated value of the securities set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement may differ from the value that we or our affiliates may determine for the securities for other purposes, including for accounting purposes. You should not invest in the securities because of the estimated value of the securities. Instead, you should be willing to hold the securities to maturity irrespective of the initial estimated value. |
§ | The estimated value of the securities would be lower if it were calculated based on our secondary market rate. The estimated value of the securities included in this pricing supplement is calculated based on our internal funding rate, which is the rate at which we are willing to borrow funds through the issuance of the securities. Our internal funding rate is generally lower than our secondary market rate, which is the rate that CGMI will use in determining the value of the securities for purposes of any purchases of the securities from you in the secondary market. If the estimated value included in this pricing supplement were based on our secondary market rate, rather than our internal funding rate, it would likely be lower. We determine our internal funding rate based on factors such as the costs associated with the securities, which are generally higher than the costs associated with conventional debt securities, and our liquidity needs and preferences. Our internal funding rate is not an interest rate that is payable on the securities. |
Because there is not an active market for traded instruments referencing our outstanding debt obligations, CGMI determines our secondary market rate based on the market price of traded instruments referencing the debt obligations of Citigroup Inc., our parent company and the guarantor of all payments due on the securities, but subject to adjustments that CGMI makes in its sole discretion. As a result, our secondary market rate is not a market-determined measure of our creditworthiness, but rather reflects the market's perception of our parent company's creditworthiness as adjusted for discretionary factors such as CGMI's preferences with respect to purchasing the securities prior to maturity.
§ | The estimated value of the securities is not an indication of the price, if any, at which CGMI or any other person may be willing to buy the securities from you in the secondary market. Any such secondary market price will fluctuate over the term of the securities based on the market and other factors described in the next risk factor. Moreover, unlike the estimated value included in this pricing supplement, any value of the securities determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction will be based on our secondary market rate, which will likely result in a lower value for the securities than if our internal funding rate were used. In addition, any secondary market price for the securities will be reduced by a bid-ask spread, which may vary depending on the aggregate stated principal amount of the securities to be purchased in the secondary market transaction, and the expected cost of unwinding related hedging transactions. As a result, it is likely that any secondary market price for the securities will be less than the issue price. |
§ | The value of the securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors. The value of your securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on the closing values of the underlyings, the volatility of, and correlation between, the closing values of the underlyings, dividend yields on the underlyings, interest rates generally, the time remaining to maturity and our and Citigroup Inc.'s creditworthiness, as reflected in our secondary market rate, among other factors described under "Risk Factors Relating to the Securities-Risk Factors Relating to All Securities-The value of your securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors" in the accompanying product supplement. Changes in the closing values of the underlyings may not result in a comparable change in the value of your securities. You should understand that the value of your securities at any time prior to maturity may be significantly less than the issue price. |
§ | Immediately following issuance, any secondary market bid price provided by CGMI, and the value that will be indicated on any brokerage account statements prepared by CGMI or its affiliates, will reflect a temporary upward adjustment. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will steadily decline to zero over the temporary adjustment period. See "Valuation of the Securities" in this pricing supplement. |
§ | The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is subject to risks associated with small capitalization stocks. The stocks that constitute the reference index for the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index are issued by companies with relatively small market capitalization. The stock prices of smaller companies may be more volatile than stock prices of large capitalization companies. These companies tend to be less well-established than large market capitalization companies. Small capitalization companies may be less able to withstand adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative to larger companies. Small capitalization companies are less likely to pay dividends on their stocks, and the presence of a dividend payment could be a factor that limits downward stock price pressure under adverse market conditions. |
§ | The underlyings are expected to underperform the total return performance of their reference indices because the performance of the underlyings is expected to be reduced by implicit financing costs, and any increase in these costs will adversely affect the performance of the securities. The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index and the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index are |
PS-6 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
futures-based indices. As futures-based indices, they are expected to reflect not only the performance of their reference indices (the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index, respectively), but also the implicit costs of a financed position in those reference indices. The cost of these financed positions will adversely affect the value of the underlyings. Any increase in market interest rates will be expected to further increase these implicit financing costs and will increase the negative effect on the performance of the underlyings. Because of these implicit financing costs, the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index and the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index are expected to underperform the total return performance of the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index, respectively.
§ | Our offering of the securities is not a recommendation of any underlying. The fact that we are offering the securities does not mean that we believe that investing in an instrument linked to the underlyings is likely to achieve favorable returns. In fact, as we are part of a global financial institution, our affiliates may have positions (including short positions) in the underlyings or in instruments related to the underlyings, and may publish research or express opinions, that in each case are inconsistent with an investment linked to the underlyings. These and other activities of our affiliates may affect the closing values of the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. |
§ | The closing value of an underlying may be adversely affected by our or our affiliates' hedging and other trading activities. We have hedged our obligations under the securities through CGMI or other of our affiliates, who have taken positions in the underlyings or in financial instruments related to the underlyings and may adjust such positions during the term of the securities. Our affiliates also take positions in the underlyings or in financial instruments related to the underlyings on a regular basis (taking long or short positions or both), for their accounts, for other accounts under their management or to facilitate transactions on behalf of customers. These activities could affect the closing values of the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the securities declines. |
§ | We and our affiliates may have economic interests that are adverse to yours as a result of our affiliates' business activities. Our affiliates engage in business activities with a wide range of companies. These activities include extending loans, making and facilitating investments, underwriting securities offerings and providing advisory services. These activities could involve or affect the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the securities declines. In addition, in the course of this business, we or our affiliates may acquire non-public information, which will not be disclosed to you. |
§ | The calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours, will make important determinations with respect to the securities. If certain events occur during the term of the securities, such as market disruption events and other events with respect to an underlying, CGMI, as calculation agent, will be required to make discretionary judgments that could significantly affect your return on the securities. In making these judgments, the calculation agent's interests as an affiliate of ours could be adverse to your interests as a holder of the securities. See "Risk Factors Relating to the Securities-Risk Factors Relating to All Securities-The calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours, will make important determinations with respect to the securities" in the accompanying product supplement. |
§ | Changes that affect the underlyings may affect the value of your securities. The sponsors of the underlyings may at any time make methodological changes or other changes in the manner in which they operate that could affect the values of the underlyings. We are not affiliated with any such underlying sponsor and, accordingly, we have no control over any changes any such sponsor may make. Such changes could adversely affect the performance of the underlyings and the value of and your return on the securities. |
§ | The U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities are unclear. There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal tax treatment of the securities, and we do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"). Consequently, significant aspects of the tax treatment of the securities are uncertain, and the IRS or a court might not agree with the treatment of the securities as prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS were successful in asserting an alternative treatment of the securities, the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the securities might be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, future legislation, Treasury regulations or IRS guidance could adversely affect the U.S. federal tax treatment of the securities, possibly retroactively. |
If you are a non-U.S. investor, you should review the discussion of withholding tax issues in "United States Federal Tax Considerations-Non-U.S. Holders" below.
You should read carefully the discussion under "United States Federal Tax Considerations" and "Risk Factors Relating to the Securities" in the accompanying product supplement and "United States Federal Tax Considerations" in this pricing supplement. You should also consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
PS-7 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Additional Terms of the Securities
Market disruption events. For purposes of determining whether a market disruption event occurs with respect to the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index and the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index, each reference to the "Underlying Index" in the section "Description of the Securities-Certain Additional Terms for Securities Linked to an Underlying Index-Definitions of Market Disruption Event and Scheduled Trading Day and Related Definitions" in the accompanying product supplement shall be deemed replaced with a reference to the "Underlying Index or its Reference Index". The reference index with respect to the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is specified in Annex A to this pricing supplement. The reference index with respect to the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index is specified in Annex B to this pricing supplement. References in the section "Description of the Securities-Certain Additional Terms for Securities Linked to an Underlying Index-Definitions of Market Disruption Event and Scheduled Trading Day and Related Definitions" in the accompanying product supplement to the securities comprising an Underlying Index shall be deemed to include futures contracts comprising an Underlying Index.
PS-8 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Information About the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index
For information about the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index, see Annex A to this pricing supplement.
We have derived all information regarding the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index. We make no representation as to the performance of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index over the term of the securities.
The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.
Historical Information
The closing value of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index on December 13, 2024 was 331.03.
The graph below shows the closing value of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to December 13, 2024. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.
All performance information for the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index prior to May 20, 2024 is hypothetical and back-tested, as the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index did not exist prior to that time. Back-tested performance is not actual performance, but is hypothetical. The sponsor of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index has stated that the back-tested calculations are based on the same methodology that was in effect when the index was officially launched. However, back-tested data may reflect the application of the index methodology with the benefit of hindsight, and the historic calculations of an index may change from month to month based on revisions to the underlying economic data used in the calculation of the index. Back-tested performance reflects application of an index methodology and selection of index constituents with the benefit of hindsight and knowledge of factors that may have positively affected its performance, cannot account for all financial risk that may affect results and may be considered to reflect survivor/look ahead bias. Actual returns may differ significantly from, and be lower than, back-tested returns. Past performance is not an indication or guarantee of future results.
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index - Historical Closing Values January 2, 2014 to December 13, 2024 |
PS-9 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Information About the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index
For information about the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index, see Annex B to this pricing supplement.
We have derived all information regarding the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index. We make no representation as to the performance of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index over the term of the securities.
The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.
Historical Information
The closing value of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index on December 13, 2024 was 513.13.
The graph below shows the closing value of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to December 13, 2024. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index - Historical Closing Values January 2, 2014 to December 13, 2024 |
PS-10 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
United States Federal Tax Considerations
You should read carefully the discussion under "United States Federal Tax Considerations" and "Risk Factors Relating to the Securities" in the accompanying product supplement and "Summary Risk Factors" in this pricing supplement.
In the opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, which is based on current market conditions, a security should be treated as a prepaid forward contract for U.S. federal income tax purposes. By purchasing a security, you agree (in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary) to this treatment. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the IRS or a court might not agree with it.
Assuming this treatment of the securities is respected and subject to the discussion in "United States Federal Tax Considerations" in the accompanying product supplement, the following U.S. federal income tax consequences should result under current law:
· | You should not recognize taxable income over the term of the securities prior to maturity, other than pursuant to a sale or exchange. |
· | Upon a sale or exchange of a security (including retirement at maturity), you should recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and your tax basis in the security. Such gain or loss should be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the security for more than one year. |
We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the treatment of the securities. An alternative characterization of the securities could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the securities, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of "prepaid forward contracts" and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding possible alternative tax treatments of the securities and potential changes in applicable law.
Non-U.S. Holders. Subject to the discussions below and in "United States Federal Tax Considerations" in the accompanying product supplement, if you are a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined in the accompanying product supplement) of the securities, you generally should not be subject to U.S. federal withholding or income tax in respect of any amount paid to you with respect to the securities, provided that (i) income in respect of the securities is not effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and (ii) you comply with the applicable certification requirements.
As discussed under "United States Federal Tax Considerations-Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders" in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder ("Section 871(m)") generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities ("U.S. Underlying Equities") or indices that include U.S. Underlying Equities. Section 871(m) generally applies to instruments that substantially replicate the economic performance of one or more U.S. Underlying Equities, as determined based on tests set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations. However, the regulations, as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a "delta" of one. Based on the terms of the securities and representations provided by us, our counsel is of the opinion that the securities should not be treated as transactions that have a "delta" of one within the meaning of the regulations with respect to any U.S. Underlying Equity and, therefore, should not be subject to withholding tax under Section 871(m).
A determination that the securities are not subject to Section 871(m) is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this treatment. Moreover, Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including your other transactions. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the securities.
If withholding tax applies to the securities, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld.
You should read the section entitled "United States Federal Tax Considerations" in the accompanying product supplement. The preceding discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP regarding the material U.S. federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of the securities.
You should also consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of an investment in the securities and any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
PS-11 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Supplemental Plan of Distribution
CGMI, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and the underwriter of the sale of the securities, is acting as principal and will receive an underwriting fee of up to $32.50 for each security sold in this offering. The actual underwriting fee will be equal to the selling concession provided to selected dealers, as described in this paragraph. From this underwriting fee, CGMI will pay selected dealers not affiliated with CGMI a variable selling concession of up to $32.50 for each security they sell. In addition, CGMI will pay selected dealers not affiliated with CGMI a structuring fee of up to $9.00 for each security they sell.
See "Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest" in the accompanying product supplement and "Plan of Distribution" in each of the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus for additional information.
Valuation of the Securities
CGMI calculated the estimated value of the securities set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement based on proprietary pricing models. CGMI's proprietary pricing models generated an estimated value for the securities by estimating the value of a hypothetical package of financial instruments that would replicate the payout on the securities, which consists of a fixed-income bond (the "bond component") and one or more derivative instruments underlying the economic terms of the securities (the "derivative component"). CGMI calculated the estimated value of the bond component using a discount rate based on our internal funding rate. CGMI calculated the estimated value of the derivative component based on a proprietary derivative-pricing model, which generated a theoretical price for the instruments that constitute the derivative component based on various inputs, including the factors described under "Summary Risk Factors-The value of the securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors" in this pricing supplement, but not including our or Citigroup Inc.'s creditworthiness. These inputs may be market-observable or may be based on assumptions made by CGMI in its discretionary judgment.
For a period of approximately four months following issuance of the securities, the price, if any, at which CGMI would be willing to buy the securities from investors, and the value that will be indicated for the securities on any brokerage account statements prepared by CGMI or its affiliates (which value CGMI may also publish through one or more financial information vendors), will reflect a temporary upward adjustment from the price or value that would otherwise be determined. This temporary upward adjustment represents a portion of the hedging profit expected to be realized by CGMI or its affiliates over the term of the securities. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will decline to zero on a straight-line basis over the four-month temporary adjustment period. However, CGMI is not obligated to buy the securities from investors at any time. See "Summary Risk Factors-The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and you may not be able to sell them prior to maturity."
Validity of the Securities
In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, as special products counsel to Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., when the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been executed and issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and authenticated by the trustee pursuant to the indenture, and delivered against payment therefor, such securities and the related guarantee of Citigroup Inc. will be valid and binding obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc., respectively, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of the date of this pricing supplement and is limited to the laws of the State of New York, except that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the application of state securities or Blue Sky laws to the securities.
In giving this opinion, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP has assumed the legal conclusions expressed in the opinions set forth below of Alexia Breuvart, Secretary and General Counsel of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., and Karen Wang, Senior Vice President - Corporate Securities Issuance Legal of Citigroup Inc. In addition, this opinion is subject to the assumptions set forth in the letter of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP dated February 14, 2024, which has been filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Citigroup Inc. on February 14, 2024, that the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid, binding and enforceable agreement of, the trustee and that none of the terms of the securities nor the issuance and delivery of the securities and the related guarantee, nor the compliance by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. with the terms of the securities and the related guarantee respectively, will result in a violation of any provision of any instrument or agreement then binding upon Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. or Citigroup Inc., as applicable, or any restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. or Citigroup Inc., as applicable.
In the opinion of Alexia Breuvart, Secretary and General Counsel of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., (i) the terms of the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been duly established under the indenture and the Board of Directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof) of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. has duly authorized the issuance and sale of such securities and such authorization has not been modified or rescinded; (ii) Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of New York; (iii) the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.; and (iv) the execution and delivery of such indenture and of the securities offered by this pricing supplement by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., and the performance by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. of its obligations thereunder, are within its corporate powers and do not contravene its certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other constitutive documents. This opinion is given as of the date of this pricing supplement and is limited to the laws of the State of New York.
Alexia Breuvart, or other internal attorneys with whom she has consulted, has examined and is familiar with originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to her satisfaction, of such corporate records of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., certificates or documents as she has deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinions expressed above. In such examination, she or such persons has assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures (other than those of officers of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.), the authenticity of all
PS-12 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
documents submitted to her or such persons as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to her or such persons as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies.
In the opinion of Karen Wang, Senior Vice President - Corporate Securities Issuance Legal of Citigroup Inc., (i) the Board of Directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof) of Citigroup Inc. has duly authorized the guarantee of such securities by Citigroup Inc. and such authorization has not been modified or rescinded; (ii) Citigroup Inc. is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware; (iii) the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Citigroup Inc.; and (iv) the execution and delivery of such indenture, and the performance by Citigroup Inc. of its obligations thereunder, are within its corporate powers and do not contravene its certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other constitutive documents. This opinion is given as of the date of this pricing supplement and is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
Karen Wang, or other internal attorneys with whom she has consulted, has examined and is familiar with originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to her satisfaction, of such corporate records of Citigroup Inc., certificates or documents as she has deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinions expressed above. In such examination, she or such persons has assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures (other than those of officers of Citigroup Inc.), the authenticity of all documents submitted to her or such persons as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to her or such persons as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies.
Contact
Clients may contact their local brokerage representative. Third-party distributors may contact Citi Structured Investment Sales at (212) 723-7005.
© 2024 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.
PS-13 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Annex A
Description of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index
We have derived all information contained in this pricing supplement regarding the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index, including, without limitation, its make-up, method of calculation and changes in its components, from publicly available information. We have not independently verified such information. Such information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, FTSE Russell, a business division of London Stock Exchange Group plc. The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is calculated, maintained and published by FTSE Russell. FTSE Russell has no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue the publication of, the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index.
The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index tracks futures contracts on the Russell 2000® Index. The Russell 2000® Index is reported by Bloomberg L.P. under the ticker symbol "RUT." The Russell 2000® Index is designed to track the performance of the small capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market. All stocks included in the Russell 2000® Index are traded on a major U.S. exchange. It is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell. For more information about the Russell 2000® Index, see "Equity Index Descriptions-The Russell Indices" in the accompanying underlying supplement. We refer to the Russell 2000® Index as the "reference index" for the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index.
The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index launch date was May 20, 2024, and it is reported by Bloomberg L.P. under the ticker symbol "RTYFPE." The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is calculated by MerQube, Inc., as calculation agent.
Index Calculation
The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index tracks the performance of a hypothetical position, rolled quarterly, in the nearest-to-expiration E-mini Russell 2000 futures contract. Constructed from E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts, the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index includes provisions for the replacement of the current E-mini Russell 2000 futures contract in the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index as such futures contract approaches expiration with the next-expiring futures contract (also referred to as "rolling"). This replacement occurs over a three business day roll period every quarter, which begins five business days prior to the last trade date of the futures contract. On each day during the roll period, one-third of the index exposure is reallocated from the expiring futures contract into the next-expiring futures contract.
The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is calculated from the price change of the underlying E-mini Russell 2000 futures contract. The change in the closing value of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index from one index calculation day to the next will reflect the change in the daily settlement price of the underlying futures contract over that period.
If, on any business day that does not fall within the roll period, the futures contract settlement price is not published or is otherwise unavailable, then the last available futures contract settlement price is used to calculate the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index. If the futures contract settlement price is not published or is otherwise unavailable at any time during the roll period, rolling will continue on subsequent roll days without amendment. For example, if on the second roll day no prices are available, the roll will proceed on the third roll day (provided prices are available) using the weights scheduled for roll day 3. On any given business day during the roll period when no rolling occurs, FTSE Russell will not calculate a value for the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index, but will publish the last available value.
The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is an excess return index, which in this context means that its performance will be based solely on changes in the settlement price of its underlying futures contract. An excess return index is distinct from a total return index, which, in addition to changes in the settlement price of the underlying futures contract, would reflect interest on a hypothetical cash position collateralizing that futures contract.
The Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is calculated on each day on which the Chicago Mercantile Exchange is open for trading.
E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts
E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange under the ticker symbol "RTY." The Chicago Mercantile Exchange trades E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts with expiration dates in March, June, September and December of each year.
E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts differ from the futures contracts described below under "-Futures Contracts Generally" in that E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts are cash settled only, meaning that the 2000 stocks composing the Russell 2000® Index are not actually delivered upon settlement of the futures contract. Therefore, the E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts are not contracts to actually buy and sell the stocks in the Russell 2000® Index. In all other relevant respects, however - including daily "mark to market" and realization of gains or losses based on the difference between the current settlement price and the initial futures price - the E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts are similar to those described below under "-Futures Contracts Generally."
Futures Contracts Generally
Generally speaking, a futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell an underlying asset on a future expiration date at a price that is agreed upon today. If the underlying asset is worth more on the expiration date than the price specified in the futures contract, then the purchaser of that contract will achieve a gain on that contract, and if it is worth less, the purchaser will incur a loss.
For example, suppose that a futures contract entered into in January calls for the purchaser to buy the underlying asset in April at a price of $1,000. If the underlying asset is worth $1,200 in April, then upon settlement of the futures contract in April the purchaser will buy for $1,000 an underlying asset worth $1,200, achieving a $200 gain. Conversely, if the underlying asset is worth $800 in April, then upon settlement of the futures contract in April the purchaser will buy for $1,000 an underlying asset worth only $800, incurring a $200 loss.
The gain or loss to the purchaser of this futures contract is different from the gain or loss that could have been achieved by the direct purchase of the underlying asset in January and the sale of that underlying asset in April. This is because a futures contract is a "leveraged" way to invest in the underlying asset. In other words, purchasing a futures contract is similar to borrowing money to buy the underlying asset, in that (i) it enables an investor to gain exposure to the underlying asset without having to pay the full cost of it up front and (ii) it entails a financing cost.
PS-14 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
This financing cost is implicit in the difference between the spot price of the underlying asset and the futures price. A "futures price" is the price at which market participants may agree today to buy or sell the underlying asset in the future, and the "spot price" is the current price of the underlying asset for immediate delivery. The futures price is determined by market supply and demand and is independent of the spot price, but it is nevertheless generally expected that the futures price will be related to the spot price in a way that reflects a financing cost (because if it did not do so there would be an opportunity for traders to make sure profits, known as "arbitrage"). For example, if January's futures price is $1,000, January's spot price may be $975. If the underlying asset is worth $1,200 in April, the gain on the futures contract would be $200 ($1,200 minus $1,000), while the gain on a direct investment made at the January spot price would have been $225 ($1,200 minus $975). The lower return on the futures contract as compared to the direct investment reflects this implicit financing cost. Because of this financing cost, it is possible for a purchaser to incur a loss on a futures contract even if the spot price of the underlying asset increases over the term of the futures contract. The amount of this financing cost is expected to increase as general market interest rates increase.
Futures contracts are standardized instruments that are traded on an exchange. On each trading day, the exchange determines a settlement price (which may also be referred to as a closing price) for that futures contract based on the futures prices at which market participants entered into that futures contract on that day. Open positions in futures contracts are "marked to market" and margin is required to be posted on each trading day. This means that, on each trading day, the current settlement price for a futures contract is compared to the futures price at which the purchaser entered into that futures contract. If the current settlement price has decreased from the initial futures price, then the purchaser will be required to deposit the decrease in value of that futures contract into an account. Conversely, if the current settlement price has increased, the purchaser will receive that cash value in its account. Accordingly, gains or losses on a futures contract are effectively realized on a daily basis up until the point when the position in that futures contract is closed out.
Because futures contracts have expiration dates, one futures contract must be rolled into another if there is a desire to maintain a continuous position in futures contracts on (rather than take delivery of) a particular underlying asset. This is typically achieved by closing out the position in the existing futures contract as its expiration date approaches and simultaneously entering into a new futures contract (at a new futures price based on the futures price then prevailing) with a later expiration date.
Comparison of Historical Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index Performance Against Historical Russell 2000® Index Performance
The following graph sets forth a comparison of the historical performance of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index against the historical performance of the Russell 2000® Index from January 2, 2014 through December 13, 2024, each normalized to have a closing value of 100.00 on January 2, 2014 to facilitate a comparison. The performance of the Russell 2000® Index shown below is its price return performance - i.e., its performance without reflecting dividends. The total return performance of the Russell 2000® Index (i.e., its performance reflecting dividends) would be greater than the price return performance shown below.
In the graph below, references to "RTYFPE" are to the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index and references to "RTY" are to the Russell 2000® Index.
All performance information for the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index prior to May 20, 2024 is hypothetical and back-tested, as the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index did not exist prior to that time. Back-tested performance is not actual performance, but is hypothetical. The sponsor of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index has stated that the back-tested calculations are based on the same methodology that was in effect when the index was officially launched. However, back-tested data may reflect the application of the index methodology with the benefit of hindsight, and the historic calculations of an index may change from month to month based on revisions to the underlying economic data used in the calculation of the index. Back-tested performance reflects application of an index methodology and selection of index constituents with the benefit of hindsight and knowledge of factors that may have positively affected its performance, cannot account for all financial risk that may affect results and may be considered to reflect survivor/look ahead bias. Actual returns may differ significantly from, and be lower than, back-tested returns. Past performance is not an indication or guarantee of future results.
PS-15 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
PAST PERFORMANCE OF THE RUSSELL 2000 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX AND RELATIVE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN THE RUSSELL 2000 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX AND THE RUSSELL 2000® INDEX ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE
Using the historical performance information from the graph above, the table below shows the annualized (annually compounded) performance of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index as compared to the Russell 2000® Index for the last year, the last three years and the last five years, each as of December 13, 2024.
Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index | Russell 2000® Index | |
Last 1 Year | 15.38% | 20.45% |
Last 3 Years | -0.12% | 2.48% |
Last 5 Years | 6.05% | 7.45% |
License Agreement
The securities are not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by London Stock Exchange Group plc or its affiliates (collectively, "LSE") or any successor thereto or index owner and neither LSE nor any party hereto makes any representation or warranty whatsoever, whether express or implied, to the owners of the securities or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the securities particularly or the ability of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index to track general stock market performance or a segment of the same. LSE's publication of the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index in no way suggests or implies an opinion by LSE as to the advisability of investment in any or all of the securities upon which the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index is based. LSE is not responsible for and has not reviewed the securities or any associated literature or publications and LSE makes no representation or warranty express or implied as to their accuracy or completeness, or otherwise. LSE reserves the right, at any time and without notice, to alter, amend, terminate or in any way change the Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index. LSE has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the securities.
"Russell 2000® Index" and "Russell 2000 Futures Excess Return Index" are trademarks of LSE and have been licensed for use by Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and its affiliates. This transaction is not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by LSE and LSE makes no representation regarding the advisability of entering into this transaction.
LSE DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE RUSSELL 2000 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN AND RUSSELL SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. LSE MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY CITIGROUP INC. AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES, INVESTORS, OWNERS OF THE SECURITIES, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE RUSSELL 2000 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. LSE MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSELL 2000 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL LSE HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEREOF. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN LSE AND CITIGROUP INC."
PS-16 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Annex B
Description of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index
We have derived all information contained in this pricing supplement regarding the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index, including, without limitation, its make-up, method of calculation and changes in its components, from publicly available information. We have not independently verified such information. Such information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC ("S&P Dow Jones"). The S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index was developed by Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC ("S&P") and is calculated, maintained and published by S&P Dow Jones. S&P Dow Jones has no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue the publication of, the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index.
The S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index tracks futures contracts on the S&P 500® Index. The S&P 500® Index is reported by Bloomberg L.P. under the ticker symbol "SPX." The S&P 500® Index consists of the common stocks of 500 issuers selected to provide a performance benchmark for the large capitalization segment of the U.S. equity markets. For more information about the S&P 500® Index, see "Equity Index Descriptions-The S&P U.S. Indices" in the accompanying underlying supplement. We refer to the S&P 500® Index as the "reference index" for the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index.
The S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index launch date was August 2, 2010, and it is reported by Bloomberg L.P. under the ticker symbol "SPXFP."
Index Calculation
The S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index tracks the performance of a hypothetical position, rolled quarterly, in the nearest-to-expiration E-mini S&P 500 futures contract. Constructed from E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts, the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index includes provisions for the replacement of the current E-mini S&P 500 futures contract in the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index as such futures contract approaches expiration (also referred to as "rolling"). This replacement occurs over a one-day rolling period every quarter, which is five days prior to the last trade date of the futures contract.
The S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index is calculated from the price change of the underlying E-mini S&P 500 futures contract. On any trading date, t, the value of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index is calculated as follows:
Where:
= | The value of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index on the current day, t | |
= | The value of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index on the preceding day on which the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index was calculated, t-1 | |
= |
The Contract Daily Return from day t-1 to day t, defined as: |
|
= | The daily contract reference price of the futures contract, which is the official closing price, as designated by the exchange |
Market disruptions are situations where the exchange has failed to open so that no trading is possible due to unforeseen events, such as computer or electric power failures, weather conditions or other events. If any such event happens on the roll date, the roll will take place on the next business day on which no market disruptions exist.
The S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index is an excess return index, which in this context means that its performance will be based solely on changes in the settlement price of its underlying futures contract. An excess return index is distinct from a total return index, which, in addition to changes in the settlement price of the underlying futures contract, would reflect interest on a hypothetical cash position collateralizing that futures contract.
E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts
E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts were introduced in 1997 and are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange under the ticker symbol "ES." The Chicago Mercantile Exchange trades E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts with expiration dates in March, June, September and December of each year.
E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts differ from the futures contracts described below under "-Futures Contracts Generally" in that E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts are cash settled only, meaning that the 500 stocks composing the S&P 500® Index are not actually delivered upon settlement of the futures contract. Therefore, the E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts are not contracts to actually buy and sell the stocks in the S&P 500® Index. In all other relevant respects, however - including daily "mark to market" and realization of gains or losses based on the difference between the current settlement price and the initial futures price - the E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts are similar to those described below under "-Futures Contracts Generally."
PS-17 |
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
Futures Contracts Generally
Generally speaking, a futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell an underlying asset on a future expiration date at a price that is agreed upon today. If the underlying asset is worth more on the expiration date than the price specified in the futures contract, then the purchaser of that contract will achieve a gain on that contract, and if it is worth less, the purchaser will incur a loss.
For example, suppose that a futures contract entered into in January calls for the purchaser to buy the underlying asset in April at a price of $1,000. If the underlying asset is worth $1,200 in April, then upon settlement of the futures contract in April the purchaser will buy for $1,000 an underlying asset worth $1,200, achieving a $200 gain. Conversely, if the underlying asset is worth $800 in April, then upon settlement of the futures contract in April the purchaser will buy for $1,000 an underlying asset worth only $800, incurring a $200 loss.
The gain or loss to the purchaser of this futures contract is different from the gain or loss that could have been achieved by the direct purchase of the underlying asset in January and the sale of that underlying asset in April. This is because a futures contract is a "leveraged" way to invest in the underlying asset. In other words, purchasing a futures contract is similar to borrowing money to buy the underlying asset, in that (i) it enables an investor to gain exposure to the underlying asset without having to pay the full cost of it up front and (ii) it entails a financing cost.
This financing cost is implicit in the difference between the spot price of the underlying asset and the futures price. A "futures price" is the price at which market participants may agree today to buy or sell the underlying asset in the future, and the "spot price" is the current price of the underlying asset for immediate delivery. The futures price is determined by market supply and demand and is independent of the spot price, but it is nevertheless generally expected that the futures price will be related to the spot price in a way that reflects a financing cost (because if it did not do so there would be an opportunity for traders to make sure profits, known as "arbitrage"). For example, if January's futures price is $1,000, January's spot price may be $975. If the underlying asset is worth $1,200 in April, the gain on the futures contract would be $200 ($1,200 minus $1,000), while the gain on a direct investment made at the January spot price would have been $225 ($1,200 minus $975). The lower return on the futures contract as compared to the direct investment reflects this implicit financing cost. Because of this financing cost, it is possible for a purchaser to incur a loss on a futures contract even if the spot price of the underlying asset increases over the term of the futures contract. The amount of this financing cost is expected to increase as general market interest rates increase.
Futures contracts are standardized instruments that are traded on an exchange. On each trading day, the exchange determines a settlement price (which may also be referred to as a closing price) for that futures contract based on the futures prices at which market participants entered into that futures contract on that day. Open positions in futures contracts are "marked to market" and margin is required to be posted on each trading day. This means that, on each trading day, the current settlement price for a futures contract is compared to the futures price at which the purchaser entered into that futures contract. If the current settlement price has decreased from the initial futures price, then the purchaser will be required to deposit the decrease in value of that futures contract into an account. Conversely, if the current settlement price has increased, the purchaser will receive that cash value in its account. Accordingly, gains or losses on a futures contract are effectively realized on a daily basis up until the point when the position in that futures contract is closed out.
Because futures contracts have expiration dates, one futures contract must be rolled into another if there is a desire to maintain a continuous position in futures contracts on (rather than take delivery of) a particular underlying asset. This is typically achieved by closing out the position in the existing futures contract as its expiration date approaches and simultaneously entering into a new futures contract (at a new futures price based on the futures price then prevailing) with a later expiration date.
Comparison of Historical S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index Performance Against Historical S&P 500® Index Performance
The following graph sets forth a comparison of the historical performance of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index against the historical performance of the S&P 500® Index from January 2, 2014 through December 13, 2024, each normalized to have a closing value of 100.00 on January 2, 2014 to facilitate a comparison. The performance of the S&P 500® Index shown below is its price return performance - i.e., its performance without reflecting dividends. The total return performance of the S&P 500® Index (i.e., its performance reflecting dividends) would be greater than the price return performance shown below.
In the graph below, references to "SPXFP" are to the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index and references to "SPX" are to the S&P 500® Index.
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Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. |
PAST PERFORMANCE OF THE S&P 500 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX AND RELATIVE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN THE S&P 500 FUTURES EXCESS RETURN INDEX AND THE S&P 500® INDEX ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE
Using the historical performance information from the graph above, the table below shows the annualized (annually compounded) performance of the S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index as compared to the S&P 500® Index for the last year, the last three years and the last five years, each as of December 13, 2024.
S&P 500 Futures Excess Return Index | S&P 500® Index | |
Last 1 Year | 22.75% | 28.46% |
Last 3 Years | 5.99% | 9.02% |
Last 5 Years | 12.28% | 13.80% |
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