Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending September 30, 2024 (Form 10-Q)

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Foreign Currency

SmartRent, Inc.'s functional and reporting currency is United States Dollars (“USD”) and its foreign subsidiaries have a functional currency other than USD. Financial position and results of operations of the Company's international subsidiaries are measured using local currencies as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period. The Company's international subsidiaries' statements of operations accounts are translated at the weighted-average rates of exchange prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing currency exchange rates from period to period are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency exchange transactions, as well as translation gains or losses on transactions denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency, are reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

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Liquidity

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. Management believes that currently available resources will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its obligations for at least one year past the issuance date of these financial statements. The Company may need to raise additional capital through equity or debt financing to fund future operations until it generates positive operating cash flows. There can be no assurance that such additional equity or debt financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. These estimates made by management include valuing the Company’s inventories on hand, allowance for expected credit losses, intangible assets, earnout liabilities, warranty liabilities, stand-alone selling price of items sold, and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards, including the estimated fair value of common stock warrants, and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock-based compensation expense. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The Company follows the two-class method to include the dilutive effect of securities that participated in dividends, if and when declared, when computing net income per common share. The two-class method determines net income per common share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends, if and when declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. The anti-dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is excluded from the computation of net loss per share because inclusion of such potentially dilutive shares on an as-converted basis would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company considers any unvested common shares subject to repurchase to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. The holders of unvested shares of common stock subject to repurchase do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses.

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for outstanding shares that are subject to repurchase and any shares issuable by the exercise of warrants for nominal consideration.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method or the if-converted method based on the nature of such securities. For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, the diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders, because inclusion of such potentially dilutive shares on an as-converted basis would have been anti-dilutive.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at multiple financial institutions, and, at times, these balances exceed federally insurable limits. As a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit. The Company believes any risks are mitigated through the size and security of the financial institution at which its cash balances are held.

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Restricted Cash

The Company considers cash to be restricted when withdrawal or general use is legally restricted. The Company reports the current portion of restricted cash as a separate item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the non-current portion is a component of other long-term assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company determines current or non-current classification based on the expected duration of the restriction.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable consist of balances due from customers resulting from the sale of hardware, professional services and Hosted Services. Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts, are non-interest bearing and are presented net of the associated allowance for expected credit losses on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for expected credit losses totaled $2,165and $1,361as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. The provision for expected credit losses is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. There was noprovision for expected credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The provision for expected credit losses totaled $39for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The provision for expected credit losses totaled $804and $39for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company evaluates the collectability of the accounts receivable balances and has determined the allowance for expected credit losses based on a combination of factors, which include the nature of the relationship and the prior collection experience the Company has with the account and an evaluation for current and projected economic conditions as of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets date. Accounts receivable determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for expected credit losses. Actual collections of accounts receivable could differ from management’s estimates.

Significant Customers

A significant customer represents 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue or net accounts receivable balance at each respective Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet date. Revenue as a percentage of total revenue and accounts receivable as a percentage of total accounts receivable for each significant customer follows.

Inventory

Inventories, which are comprised of smart home equipment and components, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined under the first-in, first-out method. The Company adjusts the inventory balance based on anticipated obsolescence, usage and historical write-offs.

In August 2023, the Company entered into a Product Sales Agreement (the "Agreement") with ADI Global Distribution ("ADI"), pursuant to which, ADI agreed to serve as the Company's non-exclusive hardware fulfillment partner throughout the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. The Company is subject to certain buy-back provisions relating to the transferred inventory. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $1,623and $851in connection with the buy-back provision, which is recorded in other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over net assets of the Company's completed business combinations. The Company tests for potential impairment of goodwill on an annual basis as of September 30 to determine if the carrying value is less than the fair value. The Company will conduct additional tests between annual tests if there are indications of potential goodwill impairment. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company conducted an interim test as of July 31, 2024 following the departure of the Company's former Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). The Company concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of July 31, 2024. Nogoodwill impairment has been recorded as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Intangible Assets

The Company recorded intangible assets with finite lives, including customer relationships and developed technology, as a result of acquisitions made in prior years. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis based on their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life of these intangible assets are as follows.

Warranty Allowance

The Company provides its customers with limited-service warranties associated with product replacement and related services. The warranty typically lasts one yearfollowing the installation of the product. The estimated warranty costs, which are expensed at the time of sale and included in hardware cost of revenue, are based on the results of product testing, industry and historical trends and warranty claim rates incurred and are adjusted for identified current or anticipated future trends as appropriate. Actual warranty claim costs could differ from these estimates. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, warranty expense included in cost of hardware revenue was $(693)and $850, respectively. The negative warranty expense during the three months ended September 30, 2024was primarily attributable to the Company's release of an $864accrual related to the replacement of deficient batteries as disclosed in the paragraph below. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, warranty expense included in cost of hardware revenue was $(650)and $1,390, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company’s warranty allowance was $638and $2,215, respectively, and is recorded in other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company identified a deficiency with batteries contained in certain hardware sold and has included an estimate of the expected cost to remove these batteries, which were acquired from one supplier, in its warranty allowance. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company determined the battery replacements were complete and released the remaining warranty accrual of $864related to the battery deficiency. As of September 30, 2024, there is noamount in theCompany’s warranty allowance related to the remaining cost of replacement for this identified battery deficiency. As of December 31, 2023, $864is included in the Company’s warranty allowance related to the remaining cost of replacement for this identified battery deficiency.

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During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company identified a deficiency with the firmware and sensor accuracy of certain hardware sold and has included an estimate of the expected cost to update the related firmware and hardware. As of December 31, 2023, $410is included in the Company’s warranty allowance related to the remaining cost to perform the firmware and hardware updates. As of September 30, 2024, there is noamount in the Company's warranty allowance related to the remaining cost to perform the firmware and hardware updates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities subject to on-going fair value measurement are categorized and disclosed into one of three categories depending on observable or unobservable inputs employed in the measurement. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy.

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets and liabilities.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets but corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

This hierarchy requires the Company to minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the hierarchy based on the fair values of the respective financial measurements at the end of the reporting period in which the transfer occurred. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024 or2023. The carrying amounts of the Company’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short maturities.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenue primarily from sales of systems that consist of hardware devices, professional services and Hosted Services to assist property owners and property managers with visibility and control over assets, while providing all-in-one home control offerings for residents. Revenue is recorded when control of these products and services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those products and services.

The Company may enter into contracts that contain multiple distinct performance obligations. The transaction price for a typical arrangement includes the price for: smart home hardware devices, professional services, and a subscription for use of the Company's software (“Hosted Services”). Included in these contracts are centrally connected devices ("Hub Devices"), which integrate the Company’s enterprise software with third party smart devices. Historically, the Company only sold non-distinct Hub Devices which only functioned with a subscription to its software ("non-distinct Hub Devices"). During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company began shipping Hub Devices with features that function independently from its software subscription ("distinct Hub Devices"). Non-distinct Hub Devices are recognized as a single performance obligation with the Company’s software in Hosted Services revenue, while distinct Hub Devices are recognized as a separate performance obligation in hardware revenue. When distinct Hub Devices are included in a contract, the Hosted Services performance obligation is comprised of only the Company’s software.

The Company considers delivery for each of the hardware, professional services and Hosted Services to be separate performance obligations. The hardware performance obligation includes the delivery of smart home hardware and distinct Hub Devices. The professional services performance obligation includes the services to install the hardware. The Hosted Services performance obligation provides a subscription that allows the customer access to software during the contracted-use term when the promised service is provided to the customer. Also included in the hosted service performance obligation are non-distinct Hub Devices that only function with a subscription to the Company’s software.

Payments are received by the Company by credit card, check or automated clearing house payments and payment terms are determined by individual contracts and generally range from due upon receipt to net 30 days. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenue. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are reported as deferred revenue. The Company has elected the following practical expedients following the adoption of ASC 606:

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Timing of Revenue Recognition is as follows.

Hardware revenue results from the direct sale to customers of hardware smart home devices, which devices generally consist of a distinct Hub Device, door locks, thermostats, sensors, and light switches. These hardware devices provide features that function independently without subscription to the Company's software, and the performance obligation for hardware revenue is considered satisfied, and revenue is recognized at a point in time when the hardware device is shipped to the customer. The Company generally provides a one-year warranty period on hardware devices that are delivered and installed. The cost of the warranty is recorded as a component of cost of hardware revenue.

Professional services revenue results from installing smart home hardware devices, which does not result in significant customization of the product and is generally performed over a period from two to four weeks. Installations can be performed by the Company's employees, contracted out to a third-party with the Company's employees managing the engagement, or the customer can perform the installation themselves. The Company’s professional services contracts are generally arranged on a fixed price basis, and revenue is recognized over the period in which the installations are completed.

Hosted Services revenue primarily consists of monthly subscription revenue generated from fees that provide customers access to one or more of the Company’s software applications including access controls, asset monitoring and related services, and our Community WiFi solution, which provides communities with a private, device-dedicated WiFi network. These subscription arrangements have contractual terms ranging from one monthto eightyearsand include recurring fixed plan subscription fees. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the Company’s software at any time. Customers are granted continuous access to the services over the contractual period. Accordingly, fees collected for subscription services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date the subscription service is made available to the customer. Variable consideration is immaterial.

Also included in Hosted Services revenue are non-distinct Hub Devices. The Company considers those devices and hosting services subscription a single performance obligation and therefore defers the recognition of revenue for those devices upon shipment to the customer. The revenue is then amortized over its average service life. When a non-distinct Hub Device is included in a contract that does not require a long-term service commitment, the customer obtains a material right to renew the service because purchasing a new device is not required upon renewal. If a contract contains a material right, proceeds are allocated to the material right and recognized over the period of benefit, which is generally four years.

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Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of direct costs of products and services together with the indirect cost of estimated warranty expense and customer care and support over the life of the service arrangement.

Cost of hardware revenue consists primarily of direct costs of products, such as the distinct Hub Device, hardware devices, supplies purchased from third-party providers, and shipping costs, together with indirect costs related to warehouse facilities (including depreciation and amortization of capitalized assets and right-of-use assets), infrastructure costs, personnel-related costs associated with the procurement and distribution of products and warranty expenses together with the indirect cost of customer care and support.

Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of direct costs related to personnel-related expenses for installation and supervision of installation services, general contractor expenses and travel expenses associated with the installation of products and indirect costs that are also primarily personnel-related expenses in connection with training of and ongoing support for customers and residents.

Cost of Hosted Services revenue consists primarily of the amortization of the direct costs of non-distinct Hub Devices, consistent with the revenue recognition period noted above in "Hosted Services Revenue", and infrastructure costs associated with providing software applications together with the indirect cost of customer care and support over the life of the service arrangement.

Deferred Cost of Revenue

Deferred cost of revenue includes all direct costs included in cost of revenue for Hosted Services and non-distinct Hub Devices that have been deferred to future periods.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation consists of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") granted to our employees and directors during the periods presented. Stock-based awards are measured based on the grant date fair value. We estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date fair value of the stock price. The fair value of these awards is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur by reversing previously recognized compensation expense.

The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include the per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield, and the expected stock price volatility over the expected term and forfeitures, which are recognized as they occur. For all stock options granted, we calculated the expected term using the simplified method for “plain vanilla” stock option awards.

The grant date fair value is also utilized with respect to RSUs with performance and service conditions to vest. For RSUs with a performance condition, based on a liquidity event, as well as a service condition to vest, nocompensation expense is recognized until the performance condition has been satisfied. Subsequent to the liquidity event, compensation expense is recognized to the extent the requisite service period has been completed and compensation expense thereafter is recognized on an accelerated attribution method. Under the accelerated attribution method, compensation expense is recognized over the remaining requisite service period for each service condition tranche as though each tranche is, in substance, a separate award. In August 2021, the Company completed the merger with FWAA, which met the liquidity event vesting condition and triggered the recognition of compensation expense for RSUs for which the time-based vesting condition had been satisfied or partially satisfied.

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Research and Development

These expenses relate to the research and development of new products and services and enhancements to the Company’s existing product offerings. The Companyaccounts for the cost of research and development by capitalizing qualifying costs, which are incurred during the product development stage, and amortizing those costs over the product’s estimated useful life, which generally ranges from threeto five yearsdepending on the type of application.The Company expenses preliminary evaluation costs as they are incurred before the product development stage, as well as post development implementation and operation costs, such as training, maintenance and minor upgrades. During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $3,209and $822, respectively, of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $5,864and $3,037, respectively, of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had capitalized $12,928of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $10,822remained to be amortized. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had capitalized $7,064of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $6,163remains to be amortized.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded as a component of sales and marketing expense. The Company incurred $191of advertising expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024. There were nosuch advertising expenses recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The Company incurred $423and $268of advertising expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Segments

The Company has oneoperating segment and onereportable segment. Its chief operating decision maker, a management committee comprised of current executives (the "Management Committee"), reviews financial information on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s principal operations are in the United States and the Company’s long-lived assets are located primarily within the United States. The Company held $8,538and $8,280of assets outside the United States as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Standards Accounting Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU updates the annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosures with no impacts to results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires the expansion of disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statement disclosures.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326)” which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and must be applied using a modified-retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. The requirement to disclose credit quality indicators by year or origination is not applicable to trade receivables due in one year or less that result from revenue transactions within the scope of ASC 606. The Company adoptedASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023using the modified-retrospective approach. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

The following tables display the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments.

The Company reports the current portion of restricted cash as a separate item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the non-current portion is a component of other long-term assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.