Boston Area Employment — June 2024

Total nonfarm employment for the Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH, metropolitan area stood at 2,864,200 in June 2024 compared to 2,844,300 a year ago, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. (See chart 1 and table 1.) Regional Commissioner William J. Sibley noted that the employment change over the year was not statistically significant. Nationally, employment rose 1.6 percent over the year. (All data in this release are not seasonally adjusted; accordingly, over-the-year analysis is used throughout.)

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH, is made up of 10 metropolitan divisions-separately identifiable employment centers within the greater metropolitan area. The Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA, division accounted for 68 percent of the metropolitan area's total nonfarm employment, followed by Framingham, MA, and Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH, each with 6 percent. Nashua, NH-MA, was the next largest division, with 5 percent. The remaining six divisions (Peabody-Salem-Beverly, MA; Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem, MA-NH; Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton, MA; Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town, MA-NH; Taunton-Middleborough-Norton, MA; and Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA) each accounted for 3 percent or less of the jobs in the metropolitan area.

Industry employment

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for July 2024 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, August 28, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This release presents nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the CES program. The CES survey is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor between State employment security agencies and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. More information about the CES data is available in the State Employment and Unemployment Summary and the Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment Summary.

Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry Classification System.

Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where possible these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current-month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes.

Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is available in the CES State and Area benchmark article.

Reliability of the estimates. The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability-that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal totals shown in the same tables due to rounding.

Employment estimates. Changes in metropolitan area nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. Reliability of state and area estimates for the total nonfarm employment series are available for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions.

Area definitions. The substate area data published in this news release reflect the delineations issued by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. The 12 metropolitan areas discussed in this release are the metropolitan areas with the largest population according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Areas in the six New England states are defined as Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs) and Divisions, while areas in other states are county-based and identified as Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Metropolitan Divisions. However, for comparative purposes, the Boston NECTA and its divisions have been referred to as a metropolitan area and metropolitan divisions.

The Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH Metropolitan New England City and Town Area (NECTA) includes 10 NECTA Divisions-subdivisions of the larger NECTA which function as distinct social, economic,and cultural areas within the larger region. The NECTA divisions that compose the Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH NECTA include: Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA; Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton, MA; Framingham, MA; Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury town, MA-NH; Lawrence-Methuen town-Salem, MA-NH; Lowell- Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH; Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA; Nashua, NH-MA; Peabody-Salem-Beverly,MA; and Taunton-Middleborough-Norton, MA.

• The Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division includes Abington town, Acton town, Andover town, Arlington town, Bedford town, Belmont town, Berlin town, Bolton town, Boston city, Boxborough town, Boxford town, Braintree Town city, Brookline town, Burlington town, Cambridge city, Canton town, Carlisle town, Carver town, Chelsea city, Cohasset town, Concord town, Dedham town, Dover town, Duxbury town, Essex town, Everett city, Foxborough town, Franklin Town city, Gloucester city, Halifax town, Hamilton town, Hanover town, Hingham town, Holbrook town, Hull town, Ipswich town, Kingston town, Lexington town, Lincoln town, Lynnfield town, Malden city, Manchester-by-the-Sea town, Mansfield town, Marshfield town, Maynard town, Medfield town, Medford city, Medway town, Melrose city, Middleton town, Millis town, Milton town, Needham town, Newbury town, Newton city, Norfolk town, North Reading town, Norwell town, Norwood town, Pembroke town, Plymouth town, Plympton town, Quincy city, Randolph town, Reading town, Revere city, Rockland town, Rockport town, Rowley town, Scituate town, Sharon town, Sherborn town, Somerville city, Stoneham town, Stoughton town, Stow town, Topsfield town, Wakefield town, Walpole town, Waltham city, Watertown Town city, Wayland town, Wellesley town, Wenham town, Weston town, Westwood town, Weymouth Town city, Wilmington town, Winchester town, Winthrop Town city, Woburn city, and Wrentham town in Massachusetts.
• The Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton, MA NECTA Division includes Avon town, Bridgewater town, Brockton city, East Bridgewater town, Easton town, Hanson town, West Bridgewater town, and Whitman town in Massachusetts.
• The Framingham, MA NECTA Division includes Ashland town, Framingham town, Holliston town, Hopedale town, Hopkinton town, Hudson town, Marlborough city, Mendon town, Milford town, Natick town, Southborough town, and Sudbury town in Massachusetts.
• The Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury town, MA-NH NECTA Division includes Amesbury Town city, Georgetown town, Groveland town, Haverhill city, Merrimac town, Newburyport city, Salisbury town, and West Newbury town in Massachusetts and Atkinson town, Danville town, East Kingston town, Fremont town, Hampstead town, Hampton Falls town, Kensington town, Kingston town, Newton town, Plaistow town, Sandown town, Seabrook town, and South Hampton town in New Hampshire.
• The Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem, MA-NH NECTA Division includes Lawrence city, Methuen Town city, and North Andover town in Massachusetts and Salem town in New Hampshire.
• The Lowell- Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH NECTA Division includes Ashby town, Ayer town, Billerica town, Chelmsford town, Dracut town, Groton town, Harvard town, Littleton town, Lowell city, Shirley town, Tewksbury town, Townsend town, Tyngsborough town, and Westford town in Massachusetts and Pelham town in New Hampshire.
• The Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA NECTA Division includes Lynn city, Marblehead town, Nahant town, Saugus town, and Swampscott town in Massachusetts.
• The Nashua, NH-MA NECTA Division includes Amherst town, Brookline town, Chester town, Derry town, Greenfield town, Greenville town, Hollis town, Hudson town, Litchfield town, Londonderry town, Lyndeborough town, Mason town, Merrimack town, Milford town, Mont Vernon town, Nashua city, Temple town, Wilton town, and Windham town in New Hampshire and Dunstable town and Pepperell town in Massachusetts.
• The Peabody-Salem-Beverly, MA NECTA Division includes Beverly city, Danvers town, Peabody city, and Salem city in Massachusetts.
• The Taunton-Middleborough-Norton, MA NECTA Division includes Berkley town, Dighton town, Freetown town, Lakeville town, Middleborough town, Norton town, Raynham town, Rochester town, and Taunton city in Massachusetts.

Additional information

State and area employment data from the CES program are available on the BLS website.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, the Boston metropolitan area and its components, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Area	June 2023	April 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023 to June 2024(p)
Net change	Percent change
Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH NECTA
Total nonfarm	2,844.3	2,806.6	2,824.5	2,864.2	19.9	0.7
Mining, logging, and construction	133.6	126.8	130.9	133.6	0.0	0.0
Manufacturing	185.4	180.8	180.1	181.1	-4.3	-2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	410.9	398.0	401.8	406.7	-4.2	-1.0
Information	81.8	78.5	77.5	78.2	-3.6	-4.4
Financial activities	187.1	182.7	182.3	187.0	-0.1	-0.1
Professional and business services	539.7	528.0	528.6	536.0	-3.7	-0.7
Education and health services	602.6	625.9	618.8	616.7	14.1	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	282.7	260.0	276.2	294.2	11.5	4.1
Other services	106.4	103.5	104.6	109.5	3.1	2.9
Government	314.1	322.4	323.7	321.2	7.1	2.3
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	1,940.6	1,920.3	1,928.8	1,957.1	16.5	0.9
Mining, logging, and construction	79.7	76.3	78.7	80.5	0.8	1.0
Manufacturing	78.2	76.3	76.1	76.3	-1.9	-2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	241.3	234.0	236.0	239.0	-2.3	-1.0
Information	65.5	62.6	61.7	62.4	-3.1	-4.7
Financial activities	156.6	153.1	152.6	156.9	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	416.0	406.4	406.6	412.6	-3.4	-0.8
Education and health services	440.4	460.1	452.3	449.5	9.1	2.1
Leisure and hospitality	194.6	181.4	193.0	205.4	10.8	5.5
Other services	69.5	68.0	68.9	72.0	2.5	3.6
Government	198.8	202.1	202.9	202.5	3.7	1.9
Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton, MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	79.8	77.2	78.2	78.9	-0.9	-1.1
Mining, logging, and construction	5.8	5.3	5.5	5.7	-0.1	-1.7
Manufacturing	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	-0.2	-4.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	16.3	15.2	15.3	15.6	-0.7	-4.3
Information	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0
Financial activities	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.9	-0.2	-2.8
Education and health services	16.7	16.5	16.6	16.6	-0.1	-0.6
Leisure and hospitality	6.7	6.3	6.6	6.9	0.2	3.0
Other services	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.1	0.2	4.1
Government	14.1	14.4	14.6	14.1	0.0	0.0
Framingham, MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	173.3	169.5	170.5	173.6	0.3	0.2
Mining, logging, and construction	11.0	10.3	10.6	10.7	-0.3	-2.7
Manufacturing	19.5	19.0	19.0	19.1	-0.4	-2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28.8	27.6	27.9	28.4	-0.4	-1.4
Information	6.4	6.4	6.3	6.3	-0.1	-1.6
Financial activities	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	37.7	36.8	36.8	37.6	-0.1	-0.3
Education and health services	26.3	26.2	26.2	26.6	0.3	1.1
Leisure and hospitality	13.9	12.7	13.2	14.3	0.4	2.9
Other services	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.7	0.2	3.6
Government	19.0	19.9	19.9	19.7	0.7	3.7
Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town, MA-NH NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	69.2	66.6	67.9	69.2	0.0	0.0
Mining, logging, and construction	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	0.0	0.0
Manufacturing	9.0	8.8	8.8	8.9	-0.1	-1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	13.7	13.1	13.4	13.6	-0.1	-0.7
Information	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0
Financial activities	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	6.3	6.3	6.4	6.4	0.1	1.6
Education and health services	10.9	11.1	11.2	11.2	0.3	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	9.6	8.0	8.7	9.4	-0.2	-2.1
Other services	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.1	0.2	6.9
Government	9.2	9.1	9.1	9.0	-0.2	-2.2
Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem, MA-NH NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	85.7	83.1	84.3	85.6	-0.1	-0.1
Mining, logging, and construction	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.5	-0.1	-2.2
Manufacturing	8.9	8.8	8.8	8.8	-0.1	-1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	15.6	14.9	15.2	15.4	-0.2	-1.3
Information	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	-0.1	-11.1
Financial activities	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	10.1	10.1	10.2	10.3	0.2	2.0
Education and health services	22.1	22.0	22.0	22.0	-0.1	-0.5
Leisure and hospitality	8.5	7.4	8.0	8.6	0.1	1.2
Other services	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.2	0.1	3.2
Government	9.6	9.5	9.6	9.7	0.1	1.0
Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	160.3	157.1	158.4	160.8	0.5	0.3
Mining, logging, and construction	10.2	9.4	9.8	10.0	-0.2	-2.0
Manufacturing	25.5	24.8	24.6	24.8	-0.7	-2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.8	24.1	24.5	24.8	0.0	0.0
Information	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	-0.1	-3.3
Financial activities	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.2	-0.1	-2.3
Professional and business services	24.7	24.3	24.1	24.3	-0.4	-1.6
Education and health services	24.5	25.3	25.6	25.7	1.2	4.9
Leisure and hospitality	13.5	12.0	12.6	13.3	-0.2	-1.5
Other services	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.9	0.1	2.1
Government	25.0	25.6	25.5	25.9	0.9	3.6
Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	46.2	45.8	46.4	47.2	1.0	2.2
Mining, logging, and construction	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.2	-0.1	-4.3
Manufacturing	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.2	-0.1	-2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	8.2	8.1	8.1	8.2	0.0	0.0
Information	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.1	20.0
Financial activities	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3	0.1	3.1
Education and health services	9.7	9.9	9.9	10.0	0.3	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.6	0.0	0.0
Other services	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.7	0.1	2.8
Government	6.9	7.4	7.6	7.5	0.6	8.7
Nashua, NH-MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	131.3	131.1	132.2	132.1	0.8	0.6
Mining, logging, and construction	6.3	6.1	6.3	6.3	0.0	0.0
Manufacturing	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.2	-0.1	-2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27.4	26.9	27.1	27.1	-0.3	-1.1
Information	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	-0.1	-3.6
Financial activities	7.0	6.8	6.9	6.9	-0.1	-1.4
Professional and business services	16.8	16.6	16.9	16.7	-0.1	-0.6
Education and health services	19.1	20.5	20.5	20.4	1.3	6.8
Leisure and hospitality	13.0	11.6	12.2	13.0	0.0	0.0
Other services	5.5	5.1	5.1	5.3	-0.2	-3.6
Government	11.6	13.4	13.3	12.2	0.6	5.2
Peabody-Salem-Beverly, MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	95.2	94.8	96.0	97.2	2.0	2.1
Mining, logging, and construction	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.9	-0.1	-2.5
Manufacturing	8.2	7.9	7.9	7.9	-0.3	-3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	17.7	17.3	17.4	17.5	-0.2	-1.1
Information	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0	0.0
Financial activities	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	-0.2	-5.4
Professional and business services	10.6	10.7	10.8	11.0	0.4	3.8
Education and health services	24.0	25.2	25.4	25.6	1.6	6.7
Leisure and hospitality	11.1	10.2	10.8	11.5	0.4	3.6
Other services	4.0	3.8	3.8	4.0	0.0	0.0
Government	10.8	11.5	11.6	11.2	0.4	3.7
Taunton-Middleborough-Norton, MA NECTA Division
Total nonfarm	62.7	61.1	61.8	62.5	-0.2	-0.3
Mining, logging, and construction	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.4	0.1	2.3
Manufacturing	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.8	-0.2	-4.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	17.1	16.8	16.9	17.1	0.0	0.0
Information	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	-0.2	-28.6
Financial activities	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	7.2	6.8	6.8	6.9	-0.3	-4.2
Education and health services	8.9	9.1	9.1	9.1	0.2	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	6.2	5.5	5.9	6.2	0.0	0.0
Other services	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.5	-0.1	-3.8
Government	9.1	9.5	9.6	9.4	0.3	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, United States and 12 largest metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted (numbers in thousands)

Area	Jun 2023	Apr 2024	May 2024	Jun 2024(p)	Jun 2023 to Jun 2024(p)
Net change	Percent change
United States(1)
Total nonfarm	156,842	158,001	158,845	159,392	2,550	1.6
Mining and logging	647	633	632	638	-9	-1.4
Construction	8,195	8,112	8,266	8,427	232	2.8
Manufacturing	13,018	12,911	12,936	13,020	2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,802	28,740	28,885	29,018	216	0.7
Information	3,063	2,996	3,002	3,033	-30	-1.0
Financial activities	9,246	9,174	9,202	9,277	31	0.3
Professional and business services	22,962	22,903	22,996	23,028	66	0.3
Education and health services	25,079	26,295	26,253	26,130	1,051	4.2
Leisure and hospitality	17,320	16,753	17,187	17,623	303	1.7
Other services	5,901	5,887	5,928	5,996	95	1.6
Government	22,609	23,597	23,558	23,202	593	2.6
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA
Total nonfarm	3,060.5	3,076.3	3,083.3	3,097.5	37.0	1.2
Mining and logging	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.1	5.0
Construction	144.6	147.2	147.4	147.0	2.4	1.7
Manufacturing	182.5	183.0	182.4	183.5	1.0	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	665.1	651.7	654.7	659.7	-5.4	-0.8
Information	105.9	94.6	97.4	96.9	-9.0	-8.5
Financial activities	204.5	209.1	208.1	209.5	5.0	2.4
Professional and business services	587.8	586.2	582.7	583.5	-4.3	-0.7
Education and health services	405.6	420.1	419.7	420.7	15.1	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	315.9	317.7	322.3	331.8	15.9	5.0
Other services	105.0	105.4	107.0	107.1	2.1	2.0
Government	341.6	359.2	359.5	355.7	14.1	4.1
Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH (NECTA)
Total nonfarm	2,844.3	2,806.6	2,824.5	2,864.2	19.9	0.7
Mining, logging, and construction	133.6	126.8	130.9	133.6	0.0	0.0
Manufacturing	185.4	180.8	180.1	181.1	-4.3	-2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	410.9	398.0	401.8	406.7	-4.2	-1.0
Information	81.8	78.5	77.5	78.2	-3.6	-4.4
Financial activities	187.1	182.7	182.3	187.0	-0.1	-0.1
Professional and business services	539.7	528.0	528.6	536.0	-3.7	-0.7
Education and health services	602.6	625.9	618.8	616.7	14.1	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	282.7	260.0	276.2	294.2	11.5	4.1
Other services	106.4	103.5	104.6	109.5	3.1	2.9
Government	314.1	322.4	323.7	321.2	7.1	2.3
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
Total nonfarm	4,847.1	4,761.4	4,799.0	4,848.3	1.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.7	0.2	13.3
Construction	192.5	177.6	183.9	190.0	-2.5	-1.3
Manufacturing	413.9	421.2	418.9	422.9	9.0	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	974.6	956.5	960.1	969.2	-5.4	-0.6
Information	79.3	77.4	76.7	77.7	-1.6	-2.0
Financial activities	323.3	312.8	314.8	320.6	-2.7	-0.8
Professional and business services	859.3	810.9	818.0	827.9	-31.4	-3.7
Education and health services	758.4	781.9	782.5	773.3	14.9	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	494.1	470.2	483.4	501.1	7.0	1.4
Other services	199.9	200.4	202.1	204.6	4.7	2.4
Government	550.3	550.9	557.0	559.3	9.0	1.6
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Total nonfarm	4,226.5	4,272.3	4,289.7	4,290.5	64.0	1.5
Mining, logging, and construction	247.9	251.1	252.4	260.1	12.2	4.9
Manufacturing	308.8	309.9	311.8	314.7	5.9	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	893.9	894.1	899.8	899.9	6.0	0.7
Information	92.9	90.7	90.5	90.6	-2.3	-2.5
Financial activities	369.2	369.6	371.6	372.7	3.5	0.9
Professional and business services	774.1	773.6	774.4	775.5	1.4	0.2
Education and health services	501.1	518.2	517.7	513.4	12.3	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	435.9	430.8	435.5	439.0	3.1	0.7
Other services	138.5	143.5	143.5	144.8	6.3	4.5
Government	464.2	490.8	492.5	479.8	15.6	3.4
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX
Total nonfarm	3,382.9	3,436.5	3,454.4	3,460.9	78.0	2.3
Mining and logging	70.7	71.2	72.2	72.1	1.4	2.0
Construction	232.3	237.0	240.0	244.6	12.3	5.3
Manufacturing	235.1	236.6	238.1	238.3	3.2	1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	686.5	684.6	687.4	687.6	1.1	0.2
Information	33.6	32.5	32.7	32.6	-1.0	-3.0
Financial activities	186.6	187.2	188.6	190.0	3.4	1.8
Professional and business services	557.1	561.0	561.4	563.1	6.0	1.1
Education and health services	445.3	468.7	468.1	467.3	22.0	4.9
Leisure and hospitality	367.0	362.2	368.5	369.2	2.2	0.6
Other services	126.9	132.7	133.9	137.4	10.5	8.3
Government	441.8	462.8	463.5	458.7	16.9	3.8
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
Total nonfarm	6,226.0	6,275.1	6,292.9	6,310.0	84.0	1.3
Mining and logging	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	0.0	0.0
Construction	257.4	253.8	255.9	258.1	0.7	0.3
Manufacturing	476.7	468.6	467.9	469.9	-6.8	-1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,078.1	1,077.6	1,079.3	1,087.1	9.0	0.8
Information	209.1	207.1	205.4	209.0	-0.1	0.0
Financial activities	315.3	311.7	313.6	315.0	-0.3	-0.1
Professional and business services	973.2	957.8	960.4	961.5	-11.7	-1.2
Education and health services	1,164.7	1,238.1	1,234.2	1,223.4	58.7	5.0
Leisure and hospitality	774.0	775.4	785.8	789.3	15.3	2.0
Other services	214.5	218.0	220.5	219.6	5.1	2.4
Government	761.0	765.1	767.9	775.1	14.1	1.9
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL
Total nonfarm	2,873.7	2,968.6	2,968.1	2,946.4	72.7	2.5
Construction	151.3	159.2	160.5	162.1	10.8	7.1
Manufacturing	98.3	99.6	99.0	99.0	0.7	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	646.8	655.5	655.7	656.2	9.4	1.5
Information	55.9	55.2	54.4	54.5	-1.4	-2.5
Financial activities	216.9	215.8	214.8	217.4	0.5	0.2
Professional and business services	517.3	520.0	520.4	525.9	8.6	1.7
Education and health services	442.9	464.8	463.9	461.5	18.6	4.2
Leisure and hospitality	336.5	357.8	356.0	347.8	11.3	3.4
Other services	114.3	118.0	119.7	119.1	4.8	4.2
Government	292.7	321.8	322.8	302.0	9.3	3.2
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA
Total nonfarm	10,204.9	10,151.5	10,232.1	10,325.7	120.8	1.2
Mining, logging, and construction	414.5	400.6	408.2	409.2	-5.3	-1.3
Manufacturing	352.0	345.6	347.7	349.3	-2.7	-0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,688.1	1,653.1	1,660.8	1,674.9	-13.2	-0.8
Information	319.8	304.5	304.6	301.6	-18.2	-5.7
Financial activities	837.2	819.1	818.2	832.9	-4.3	-0.5
Professional and business services	1,688.5	1,636.6	1,645.0	1,673.5	-15.0	-0.9
Education and health services	2,190.8	2,327.9	2,340.4	2,324.9	134.1	6.1
Leisure and hospitality	981.9	930.4	968.7	1,006.4	24.5	2.5
Other services	412.9	412.6	415.0	418.1	5.2	1.3
Government	1,319.2	1,321.1	1,323.5	1,334.9	15.7	1.2
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Total nonfarm	3,085.9	3,102.1	3,123.5	3,147.0	61.1	2.0
Mining, logging, and construction	127.0	125.0	126.2	128.2	1.2	0.9
Manufacturing	182.5	181.0	181.5	182.9	0.4	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	546.8	536.2	539.1	541.3	-5.5	-1.0
Information	54.1	52.4	53.0	53.3	-0.8	-1.5
Financial activities	230.9	229.8	231.0	233.3	2.4	1.0
Professional and business services	504.0	495.1	498.9	504.4	0.4	0.1
Education and health services	692.5	735.7	732.6	729.9	37.4	5.4
Leisure and hospitality	288.4	274.6	287.7	301.7	13.3	4.6
Other services	124.4	123.7	125.4	127.3	2.9	2.3
Government	335.3	348.6	348.1	344.7	9.4	2.8
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Total nonfarm	2,367.8	2,456.5	2,452.3	2,416.8	49.0	2.1
Mining and logging	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.8	0.4	11.8
Construction	171.3	171.5	170.5	170.6	-0.7	-0.4
Manufacturing	149.6	147.2	148.6	148.8	-0.8	-0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	465.3	476.1	477.0	476.4	11.1	2.4
Information	43.0	40.8	40.7	40.8	-2.2	-5.1
Financial activities	211.8	210.0	211.3	212.5	0.7	0.3
Professional and business services	385.5	397.1	394.4	389.2	3.7	1.0
Education and health services	381.8	413.0	413.7	409.5	27.7	7.3
Leisure and hospitality	249.5	255.1	251.8	248.1	-1.4	-0.6
Other services	77.0	78.0	78.7	78.7	1.7	2.2
Government	229.6	263.9	261.8	238.4	8.8	3.8
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA
Total nonfarm	2,480.2	2,463.8	2,477.6	2,486.4	6.2	0.2
Mining and logging	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0
Construction	125.3	119.6	122.0	123.6	-1.7	-1.4
Manufacturing	152.8	147.7	148.0	149.1	-3.7	-2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	349.6	346.5	347.5	349.7	0.1	0.0
Information	145.7	133.5	131.8	133.9	-11.8	-8.1
Financial activities	138.1	134.3	135.7	136.4	-1.7	-1.2
Professional and business services	508.1	497.7	500.4	502.2	-5.9	-1.2
Education and health services	392.9	412.9	412.6	410.0	17.1	4.4
Leisure and hospitality	256.3	254.6	259.7	261.7	5.4	2.1
Other services	86.3	87.8	88.3	89.1	2.8	3.2
Government	324.7	328.8	331.2	330.3	5.6	1.7
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Total nonfarm	3,397.5	3,373.7	3,392.7	3,426.7	29.2	0.9
Mining, logging, and construction	165.0	160.0	160.9	163.6	-1.4	-0.8
Manufacturing	58.0	58.0	58.9	58.9	0.9	1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	405.2	399.6	401.6	406.0	0.8	0.2
Information	81.1	79.1	79.5	80.7	-0.4	-0.5
Financial activities	155.9	150.5	150.5	151.6	-4.3	-2.8
Professional and business services	823.3	809.5	815.5	826.1	2.8	0.3
Education and health services	453.0	467.1	464.2	461.8	8.8	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	338.7	320.2	327.7	339.3	0.6	0.2
Other services	195.7	196.2	199.1	200.9	5.2	2.7
Government	721.6	733.5	734.8	737.8	16.2	2.2
Footnotes (1) U.S. data are preliminary for two months after they are first published. (p) Preliminary

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