Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending June 1, 2024 (Form 10-Q)

ful20240601_10q.htm

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Total Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

Overview

The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements of H.B. Fuller Company and Subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, comprehensive income, financial position and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In our opinion, the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year as a whole.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 2, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No.2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU provides new disclosure requirements including presentation of prescribed line items in the effective tax rate reconciliation and disclosures regarding state and local tax payments. Our effective date for adoption of this ASU is our fiscal year ending November 28, 2026. We are evaluating the impact the new disclosure guidance will have on our Consolidated Finance Statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU extends the existing requirements for annual disclosures to quarterly periods, and requires that both annual and quarterly disclosures present segment expenses using line items consistent with information regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Our effective date for adoption of this ASU is our fiscal year ending November 29, 2025. We are evaluating the impact the new disclosure guidance will have on our Consolidated Finance Statements.

Supplier Finance Program

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No.2022-04,Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. This ASU requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program's nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. To achieve that objective, the buyer should disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its supplier finance programs. ASU 2022-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the requirement on rollforward information which is an annual requirement. During the first quarter of our fiscal year ending November 30, 2024, we adopted ASU 2022-04. We will present the annual roll-forward disclosure requirement within our annual report on Form 10-K.

We have agreements with third parties to provide supplier finance programs which facilitate participating suppliers' ability to finance payment obligations of the Company with designated third-party financial institutions. Participating suppliers may, at their sole discretion, elect to finance one or more payment obligations of the Company prior to their scheduled due dates at a discounted price to participating financial institutions. The Company has no economic interest in the sale of these suppliers' receivables and no direct financial relationship with the financial institutions concerning these services. The Company's obligations to its suppliers, including amounts due and scheduled payment dates, are not impacted by suppliers' decisions to finance amounts under these arrangements. The outstanding payment obligations that were confirmed as valid and remained outstanding as of June 1, 2024 were approximately $4,710. These obligations under the Company's supplier finance programs are included in Accounts Payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the associated payments are reflected in the cash flows from operating activities section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Recently issued accounting standards or pronouncements not disclosed above have been excluded as they are not relevant to the company.

Note 2: Acquisitions

ND Industries, Inc.

On May 20, 2024, we acquired the assets of ND Industries, Inc. ("ND Industries") for a base purchase price of $255,734 which was funded through borrowings on our credit facility and existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of $1,446 that will be paid on the 4-month anniversary of theclosing date. ND Industries, headquartered in Clawson, Michigan, is a leading provider of specialty adhesives and fastener locking and sealing solutions serving customers in the automotive, electronics, aerospace and other industries. The acquisition of ND Industries isexpected to accelerate the realization of our top growth priorities, consistent with our strategy to proactively drive capital allocation to the highest margin, highest growth market segments within the functional coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomer industry. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 1, 2024. ND Industries is included in our Engineering Adhesives operating segment.

The following table summarizes the fair value measurement of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition:

		Amounts
Current assets		$	15,417
Property, plant and equipment			21,888
Goodwill			89,825
Other intangibles
Customer relationships			113,200
Trademarks/trade names			4,800
Technology			11,800
Other assets			662
Current liabilities			(1,442	)
Other liabilities			(416	)
Total		$	255,734

The expected useful lives of the acquired intangible assets are 12 years. Based on the fair value measurement of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we allocated $89,825 to goodwill for the expected synergies from combining ND Industries with our existing business. Such goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill was assigned to our Engineering Adhesives operating segment.

Sanglier Ltd.

On September 8, 2023, we acquired the assets of Sanglier Ltd. ("Sanglier") for a base purchase price of 13,361 British pound sterling, or approximately $16,660 which was funded through existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of 2,100 British pound sterling that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Sanglier, headquartered in Mansfield, United Kingdom, is a manufacturer and filler of sprayable (aerosol and cannister) industrial adhesives. The acquisition of Sanglier expands our innovation capabilities and product portfolio across the United Kingdom and Europe transforming adhesives applications to enable sprayable delivery providing end users with an opportunity to greatly improve labor efficiency. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 1, 2024and includes intangible assets of $7,354, goodwill of $3,362 and other net assets of $5,944. Sanglier is included in our Construction Adhesives operating segment.

Adhezion Biomedical LLC

On June 23, 2023, we acquired Adhezion Biomedical LLC ("Adhezion") for a base purchase price of $80,802 which was funded through borrowings on our credit facility. This includes a holdback amount of $780 that will be paid on the 12-month anniversary of the closing date. The agreement includes a payment of contingent consideration up to $15,000 following the completion of certain performance goals and conditions. Adhezion, headquartered in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, is a manufacturer of cyanoacrylate-based healthcare adhesives and infection prevention products. The acquisition of Adhezion positions us for expansion in the healthcare adhesives industry and creates a solid, unique platform from which to scale and innovate in the healthcare adhesives industry. The acquisition fair value measurement is final as of June 1, 2024 and includes intangible assets of $38,500, goodwill of $37,589 and other net assets of $4,713. Goodwill represents expected synergies from combining Adhezion with our existing business. The amount of goodwill that is deductible for tax purposes is $25,717. Adhezion is included in our Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives operating segment.

On June 12, 2023, we acquired XChem International LLC ("XChem") for a base purchase price of approximately $14,496 which was funded through borrowings on our credit facility. This includes a holdback amount of $1,650 that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. XChem, headquartered in Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, is a manufacturer of adhesives and sealants for construction-related applications. The acquisition of XChem provides our construction adhesives global business with additional manufacturing presence for certain brands outside the U.S. and broadens our construction adhesives portfolio of highly specified applications and diversifies it toward both non-U.S. and infrastructure-oriented markets. The acquisition fair value measurement is final as of June 1, 2024 and includes intangible assets of $4,600, goodwill of $4,318 and other net assets of $5,578. Goodwill represents expected synergies from combining XChem with our existing business. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. XChem is included in our Construction Adhesives operating segment.

Beardow Adams Holdings Ltd.

On May 1, 2023, we acquired Beardow Adams Holdings Ltd. ("Beardow Adams") for a total purchase price of 80,738 British pound sterling, or approximately $100,885, which was funded through borrowings on our credit facility. This includes a holdback amount of 8,000 British pound sterling that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Beardow Adams, based in the United Kingdom, develops and manufactures adhesives, sealants and coatings, principally in the fields of packaging and related applications. The acquisition of Beardow Adams is expected to accelerate profitable growth in many of our core end markets and generate business synergies through better raw material pricing, production optimization and an expanded distribution platform. The acquisition fair value measurement is final as of June 1, 2024 and includes intangible assets of $35,425, goodwill of $28,148 and other net assets of $37,312. Goodwill represents expected synergies from combining Beardow Adams with our existing business. The amount of goodwill that is deductible for tax purposes is $3,561. The remaining goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Beardow Adams is included in our Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives operating segment.

Aspen Research Corporation

On January 31, 2023, we acquired the assets of Aspen Research Corporation ("Aspen") for a total purchase price of $9,761, which was funded through existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of $500 that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Aspen, located in Maple Grove, Minnesota, is a contract research organization that develops and manufactures innovative solutions for some of the adhesives used in our insulating glass market. Aspen is known for their superior understanding of materials science, engineering and analytical testing and specializes in custom materials manufacturing for chemicals and adhesives products. The acquisition of Aspen is expected to expand our Engineering Adhesives footprint in North America and strengthen our capabilities in the insulating glass market, in addition to bringing additive continuous flow, process manufacturing capabilities that we plan to leverage. The acquisition fair value measurement was final as of December 2, 2023 and includes intangible assets of $4,900, goodwill of $3,832 and other net assets of $1,029. Goodwill represents expected synergies from combining Aspen with our existing business. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. Aspen is included in our Engineering Adhesives operating segment.

Lemtapes Oy

On December 15, 2022, we acquired Lemtapes Oy ("Lemtapes") for a total purchase price of $8,922 Euro, or approximately $9,482 which was funded through existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of 850 Euro that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Lemtapes, located in Valkeakoski, Finland, is a solutions provider of ecological, innovative tapes and adhesives for the packaging and plywood industries. The acquisition of Lemtapes is expected to reinforce our strategic position in Europe, especially for our adhesives coated solutions products. This acquisition will also accelerate our growth strategy of fast-growing, high margin businesses while adding technology capabilities and strong customer relationships. The acquisition fair value measurement was final as of December 2, 2023 and includes intangible assets of $5,526, goodwill of $3,028 and other net assets of $928. Goodwill represents expected synergies from combining Lemtapes with our existing business. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Lemtapes is included in our Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives operating segment.

All acquisitions, individually and in the aggregate, are not material and therefore pro forma financial information is not provided.

Note 3: Restructuring Actions

During fiscal year 2023, the Company approved restructuring plans (the "Plans") related to organizational changes and other actions to optimize operations and integrate acquired businesses. The Plans were implemented in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 and are currently expected to be completed during fiscal year 2026, with the majority of the charges recognized and cash payments occurring in fiscal 2023 and 2024. In implementing the Plans, the Company currently expects to incur pre-tax costs of approximately $39,100 to $44,100 for severance and related employee costs globally, other restructuring costs related to the streamlining of processes and the payment of anticipated income taxes in certain jurisdictions related to the Plans.

The following table summarizes the pre-tax distribution of charges under these restructuring plans by income statement classification:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
Cost of sales		$	1,279			$	2,784			$	4,194			$	5,085
Selling, general and administrative			1,279				2,618				2,444				3,243
		$	2,558			$	5,402			$	6,638			$	8,328

The restructuring charges are all recorded in Corporate Unallocated for segment reporting purposes.

A summary of the restructuring liability is presented below:

		Employee-Related			Asset-Related			Other			Total
Balance at December 3, 2022		$	57			$	-			$	-			$	57
Expenses incurred			22,731				1,369				487				24,587
Non-cash charges			-				(1,369	)			(453	)			(1,822	)
Cash payments			(9,802	)			-				(34	)			(9,836	)
Foreign currency translation			(1,263	)			-				-				(1,263	)
Balance at December 2, 2023		$	11,723			$	-			$	-			$	11,723
Expenses incurred			2,918				3,607				113				6,638
Non-cash charges			-				(3,607	)			(102	)			(3,709	)
Cash payments			(9,017	)			-				(11	)			(9,028	)
Foreign currency translation			(140	)			-				-				(140	)
Balance at June 1, 2024		$	5,484			$	-			$	-			$	5,484

Non-cash charges primarily include accelerated depreciation resulting from the cessation of use of certain long-lived assets and inventory disposals. Restructuring liabilities have been classified as a component of other accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 4: Inventories

The composition of inventories is as follows:

		June 1,			December 2,
		2024			2023
Raw materials		$	225,908			$	206,140
Finished goods			270,177				235,900
Total inventories		$	496,085			$	442,040

Note 5: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The goodwill activity by reportable segment for the six months ended June 1, 2024 is presented below:

		Hygiene, Health
		and Consumable			Engineering			Construction
		Adhesives			Adhesives			Adhesives			Total
Balance at December 2, 2023		$	402,598			$	651,145			$	432,769			$	1,486,512
Acquisitions		$	1,674			$	89,825			$	2,897				94,396
Foreign currency translation effect		$	(719	)		$	(1,999	)		$	107				(2,611	)
Balance at June 1, 2024		$	403,553			$	738,971			$	435,773			$	1,578,297

Balances of amortizable identifiable intangible assets, excluding goodwill and other non-amortizable intangible assets, are as follows:

		June 1, 2024
		Purchased
		Technology			Customer
Amortizable Intangible Assets		and Patents			Relationships			Trade Names			Other			Total
Original cost		$	144,456			$	1,068,558			$	62,944			$	9,887			$	1,285,845
Accumulated amortization			(52,568	)			(387,964	)			(26,320	)			(6,402	)			(473,254	)
Net identifiable intangibles		$	91,888			$	680,594			$	36,624			$	3,485			$	812,591

		December 2, 2023
		Purchased
		Technology			Customer
Amortizable Intangible Assets		and Patents			Relationships			Trade Names			Other			Total
Original cost		$	144,763			$	986,470			$	58,484			$	10,911			$	1,200,628
Accumulated amortization			(59,631	)			(382,220	)			(23,099	)			(7,012	)			(471,962	)
Net identifiable intangibles		$	85,132			$	604,250			$	35,385			$	3,899			$	728,666

Amortization expense with respect to amortizable intangible assets was $19,219 and $19,130 for the three months ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023, respectively, and was $39,574 and $37,813 for the six months ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023

Estimated aggregate amortization expense based on the current carrying value of amortizable intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

		Remainder
Fiscal Year		2024			2025			2026			2027			2028			Thereafter
Amortization expense		$	40,716			$	87,399			$	80,670			$	77,359			$	77,103			$	449,344

The above amortization expense forecast is an estimate. Actual amounts may change from such estimated amounts due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, additional intangible asset acquisitions, potential impairment, accelerated amortization or other events.

Non-amortizable intangible assets as of June 1, 2024 and December 2, 2023 were $472 and $474, respectively, and relate to trademarks and trade names. The change in non-amortizable assets as of June 1, 2024 compared to December 2, 2023 was due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Note 6: Long-Term Debt

On March 4, 2024, we entered into a Refinancing and Incremental Amendment (the "Refinancing and Incremental Amendment"), which amends the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 15, 2023, as previously amended. Pursuant to the Refinancing and Incremental Amendment, the existing Term B loans under the Credit Agreement were refinanced by "Refinancing Loans" (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in the principal amount of $794,000 (the "Amended TLB"), certain lenders party to the Refinancing and Incremental Amendment made additional Term B loans to the Company in the principal amount of $200,000, thereby increasing the aggregate principal amount of the Amended TLB to $994,000, and the interest rate margins applicable to the Amended TLB were decreased by 25 basis points (0.25% per annum) to 200 basis points for SOFR rate loans and 100 basis points for prime rate loans. The additional $200,000 of proceeds will be used to finance our working capital needs and for general corporate purposes, including permitted acquisitions. Interest on Term Loan B borrowings are payable at SOFR plus an interest rate spread of 200 basis points with a SOFR floor of 50 basis points (7.33 percent at June 1, 2024). The maturity date of February 15, 2030 remains unchanged. The commitment fee rates and interest rates applicable to the revolving credit facility and the Term Loan A facility remain unchanged.

Note 7: Components of Net Periodic Benefit related to Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

		Three Months Ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023
																		Other
		Pension Benefits			Postretirement
		U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			Benefits
Net periodic (benefit) cost:		2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Service cost		$	-			$	-			$	347			$	413			$	-			$	-
Interest cost			3,464				3,475				1,560				1,410				291				301
Expected return on assets			(6,555	)			(7,205	)			(1,627	)			(1,730	)			(2,727	)			(2,465	)
Amortization:
Prior service cost			-				-				16				15				-				-
Actuarial loss			1,159				635				510				491				-				-
Net periodic (benefit) cost		$	(1,932	)		$	(3,095	)		$	806			$	599			$	(2,436	)		$	(2,164	)

		Six Months Ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023
																		Other
		Pension Benefits			Postretirement
		U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			Benefits
Net periodic (benefit) cost:		2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Service cost		$	-			$	-			$	697			$	833			$	-			$	-
Interest cost			6,928				6,951				3,129				2,846				583				602
Expected return on assets			(13,110	)			(14,412	)			(3,264	)			(3,492	)			(5,454	)			(4,929	)
Amortization:
Prior service (benefit) cost			-				-				32				30				-				-
Actuarial loss (gain)			2,318				1,271				1,024				990				-				-
Net periodic (benefit) cost		$	(3,864	)		$	(6,190	)		$	1,618			$	1,207			$	(4,871	)		$	(4,327	)

Service cost is included with employee compensation cost in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The components of our net periodic defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit costs other than service cost are presented in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 8: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table provides details of total comprehensive income (loss):

		Three Months Ended June 1, 2024			Three Months Ended June 3, 2023
														Non-															Non-
														controlling															controlling
		H.B. Fuller Stockholders			Interest			H.B. Fuller Stockholders			Interest
		Pre-tax			Tax			Net			Net			Pre-tax			Tax			Net			Net
Net income attributable to H.B. Fuller and non-controlling interest										$	51,264			$	33											$	40,401			$	21
Foreign currency translation¹		$	(26,894	)		$	-				(26,894	)			(32	)		$	26,425			$	-				26,425				(15	)
Defined benefit pension plans adjustment²			555				(136	)			419				-				1,151				(293	)			858				-
Interest rate swaps³			13,493				(3,297	)			10,196				-				(12,584	)			3,096				(9,488	)			-
Net investment hedges³			163				(40	)			123				-				(7,141	)			1,757				(5,384	)			-
Other comprehensive (loss) income		$	(12,683	)		$	(3,473	)		$	(16,156	)		$	(32	)		$	7,851			$	4,560			$	12,411			$	(15	)
Comprehensive income										$	35,108			$	1											$	52,812			$	6

		Six Months Ended June 1, 2024			Six Months Ended June 3, 2023
														Non-															Non-
														controlling															controlling
		H.B. Fuller Stockholders			Interest			H.B. Fuller Stockholders			Interest
		Pretax			Tax			Net			Net			Pretax			Tax			Net			Net
Net income attributable to H.B. Fuller and non-controlling interest										$	82,255			$	54											$	62,290			$	48
Foreign currency translation adjustment¹		$	(165,302	)		$	-				(46,247	)			(41	)		$	22,779			$	-				22,779				(5	)
Defined benefit pension plans adjustment²			3,376				(838	)			2,538				-				2,292				(583	)			1,709				-
Interest rate swap³			10,217				(2,486	)			7,731				-				(1,529	)			376				(1,153	)			-
Net investment hedges³			5,188				(1,275	)			3,913				-				(7,538	)			1,855				(5,683	)			-
Other comprehensive income (loss)		$	(146,521	)		$	(4,599	)		$	(32,065	)		$	(41	)		$	16,004			$	1,648			$	17,652			$	(5	)
Comprehensive income (loss)										$	50,190			$	13											$	79,942			$	43

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:

		June 1, 2024
										Non-
						H.B. Fuller			controlling
		Total			Stockholders			Interest
Foreign currency translation adjustment		$	(292,943	)		$	(292,940	)		$	(3	)
Defined benefit pension plans adjustment, net of taxes of $66,144			(124,930	)			(124,930	)			-
Interest rate swap, net of taxes of ($3,946)			12,203				12,203				-
Net investment hedges, net of taxes of $16,469			(50,937	)			(50,937	)			-
Reclassification of AOCI tax effects			(18,341	)			(18,341	)			-
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		$	(474,948	)		$	(474,945	)		$	(3	)

		December 2, 2023
										Non-
						H.B. Fuller			controlling
		Total			Stockholders			Interest
Foreign currency translation adjustment		$	(246,736	)		$	(246,692	)		$	(44	)
Defined benefit pension plans adjustment, net of taxes of $66,982			(127,469	)			(127,469	)			-
Interest rate swap, net of taxes of ($1,460)			4,472				4,472				-
Net investment hedges, net of taxes of $17,744			(54,850	)			(54,850	)			-
Reclassification of AOCI tax effects			(18,341	)			(18,341	)			-
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		$	(442,924	)		$	(442,880	)		$	(44	)

Note 9: Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 1, 2024 includes $1,317 of discrete tax expense and $1,210 of discrete tax benefit, respectively, relating to various foreign tax matters, as well as an excess tax benefit related to U.S. stock compensation. Excluding the discrete tax expense and benefit, the overall effective tax rate was 28.9 percent and 28.4 percent for the three and six months ended June 1, 2024, respectively.

Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 3, 2023 includes $2,042 and $2,888 of discrete tax expense, respectively, relating to various foreign tax matters offset by an excess tax benefit related to U.S. stock compensation. Excluding the discrete tax expense, the overall effective tax rate was 29.5 percent and 29.4 percent for the three and six months ended June 3, 2023, respectively.

As of June 1, 2024, we had a liability of $14,097 recorded for gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest) compared to $14,254 as of December 2, 2023. As of June 1, 2024 and December 2, 2023, we had accrued $6,797 and $6,310 of gross interest relating to unrecognized tax benefits, respectively.

Note 10: Earnings Per Share

A reconciliation of the common share components for the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations is as follows:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			June 1,			June 3,
(Shares in thousands)		2024			2023			2024			2023
Weighted-average common shares - basic			54,946				54,269				54,824				54,222
Equivalent shares from share-based compensations plans			1,690				1,448				1,780				1,596
Weighted-average common and common equivalent shares diluted			56,636				55,717				56,604				55,818

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to H.B. Fuller by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the applicable period. The difference between basic and diluted earnings per share is attributable to share-based compensation awards. We use the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding shares, which computes total employee proceeds as the sum of (a) the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and (b) the amount of unearned share-based compensation costs attributed to future services. Share-based compensation awards for which total employee proceeds exceed the average market price over the applicable period have an antidilutive effect on earnings per share, and accordingly, are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

Share-based compensation awards of 787,801 and 1,026,155 shares for the three months ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023, respectively, and 1,110,664 and 1,156,557 shares for the six months ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023, respectively, were excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations because they were antidilutive.

Note 11: Financial Instruments

Overview

As a result of being a global enterprise, foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates may affect the Company's net investment in foreign subsidiaries, and our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to foreign currency risk from foreign currency denominated receivables and payables.

We use foreign currency forward contracts, cross-currency swaps, interest rate swaps and net investment hedges to manage risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We do not hold derivative financial instruments of a speculative nature or for trading purposes. We record derivatives as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivative qualifies and is designated as a hedge. Cash flows from derivatives are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the same category as the cash flows from the items subject to designated hedge or undesignated (economic) hedge relationships. We evaluate hedge effectiveness at inception and on an ongoing basis. If a derivative is no longer expected to be effective, hedge accounting is discontinued. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in earnings.

We are exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance of counterparties for foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements. We select investment-grade multinational banks and financial institutions as counterparties for derivative transactions and monitor the credit quality of each of these banks on a periodic basis as warranted. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties, and valuation allowances, if any, are de minimis.

Cash Flow Hedges

On January 12, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $400,000 of our variable rate 1-month LIBOR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.6895 percent that matures on January 12, 2028. On February 28, 2023, after refinancing our debt, we amended the interest rate swap agreement to our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.7260 in accordance with the practical expedients included in ASC 848,Reference Rate Reform. The combined fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $8,454 at June 1, 2024and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swap was designated for hedge accounting treatment as a cash flow hedge. We are applying the hypothetical derivative method to assess hedge effectiveness for this interest rate swap. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our variable rate debt are compared with the change in the fair value of the swap.

On March 16, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $300,000 of our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.7210 percent that matures on February 15, 2028. The combined fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $6,168 at June 1, 2024and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swap was designated for hedge accounting treatment as a cash flow hedge. We are applying the hypothetical derivative method to assess hedge effectiveness for this interest rate swap. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our variable rate debt are compared with the change in the fair value of the swaps.

On March 16, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $100,000 of our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.8990 percent that matures on February 15, 2028. The combined fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $1,527 at June 1, 2024 and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swap was designated for hedge accounting treatment as a cash flow hedge. We are applying the hypothetical derivative method to assess hedge effectiveness for these interest rate swaps. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our variable rate debt are compared with the change in the fair value of the swaps.

The amounts of pretax gains (losses) recognized in Comprehensive Income related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are as follows:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts			13,493				(12,584	)			10,217				(1,529	)

Fair Value Hedges

On February 12, 2021, we entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert our $300,000 Public Notes that were issued on October 20,2020 to a variable interest rate of 1-month LIBOR plus 3.28 percent. On June 30, 2023, 1-month LIBOR rates ceased to exist and the IBOR Fallbacks Protocol published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") took effect as outlined in the interest rate swap agreement. As a result, the interest rate swap agreement was converted to Overnight SOFR plus 3.28 percent. We applied the practical expedients included in ASC 848,Reference Rate Reform. These interest rate swap agreements mature on October 15, 2028. The combined fair value of the interest rate swaps was a liability of $42,374 at June 1, 2024, and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swaps were designated for hedge accounting treatment as fair value hedges. We apply the short cut method and assume hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our $300,000 fixed rate Public Notes are compared with the change in the fair value of the swaps.

Net Investment Hedges

On October 17, 2022, we entered into a float-to-float cross-currency interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of €307,173maturing in October 2028. On October 20, 2022, we entered into fixed-to-fixed cross-currency interest rate swap agreements for a total notional amount of €300,000with tranches maturing in August 2025, August 2026 and February 2027. On June 30, 2023, 1-month LIBOR rates ceased to exist and the IBOR Fallbacks Protocol published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) took effect as outlined in the interest rate swap agreement. As a result, the 1-month LIBOR leg of the float-to-float agreement was converted to Overnight SOFR plus 3.28percent. On July 17, 2023, we amended the 1-month EURIBOR leg of the float-to-float agreement to Overnight ESTR plus 3.2195percent. We applied the practical expedients included in ASC 848,Reference Rate Reform. As of June 1, 2024, the combined fair value of the swaps was aliability of $67,411 and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cross-currency interest rate swaps hedge a portion of the Company's investment in Euro denominated foreign subsidiaries.

The swaps are designated as net investment hedges for accounting treatment. The net gains or losses attributable to changes in spot exchange rates are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment within other comprehensive income. The gains or losses are reclassified into earnings upon a liquidation event or deconsolidation of the foreign subsidiary. Any ineffective portions of net investment hedges are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the period of change. The amount in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to net investment hedge cross-currency swaps was a loss of $50,937 of June 1, 2024. The amounts of pretax gain recognized in comprehensive income related to the net investment hedge was $163 for the three months ended June 1, 2024. As of June 1, 2024, we did not reclassify any gains or losses into earnings from net investment hedges and we do not expect to reclassify any such gain or loss into earnings within the next twelve months. No amounts related to net investment hedges have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

We use foreign currency forward contracts to offset our exposure to the change in value of certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities held at foreign subsidiaries that are remeasured at the end of each period. Although the contracts are effective economic hedges, they are not designated as accounting hedges. Foreign currency forward contracts are recorded as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the value of these derivatives are recognized immediately in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the related foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. See Note 12 for the fair value amounts of these derivative instruments.

As of June 1, 2024, we had forward foreign currency contracts maturingbetween June 3, 2024 and February 5, 2025. The mark-to-market effect associated with these contracts was largely offset by the underlying transaction gains and losses resulting from the foreign currency exposures for which these contracts relate.

The amounts of pretax gains (losses) recognized in other income, net related to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the six months ended June 1, 2024 and June 3, 2023 were $263and $1,276, respectively.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of entities in the customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and countries. As of June 1, 2024, there were no significant concentrations of credit risk.

Note 12: Fair Value Measurements

Overview

Estimates of fair value for financial assets and liabilities are based on the framework established in the accounting guidance for fair value measurements. The framework defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. The framework discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow) and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The framework utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

	●	Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
	●	Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
	●	Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect management's assumptions, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

Balances Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 1, 2024 and December 2, 2023, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.

		June 1,			Fair Value Measurements Using:
Description		2024			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities		$	3,228			$	3,228			$	-			$	-
Foreign exchange contract assets			4,289				-				4,289				-
Interest rate swaps, cash flow hedge assets			16,149				-				16,149				-
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contract liabilities		$	4,026			$	-				4,026			$	-
Interest rate swaps, fair value hedge liabilities			42,374				-				42,374				-
Net investment hedge liabilities			67,411				-				67,411				-
Contingent consideration liability			500				-				-				500

		December 2,			Fair Value Measurements Using:
Description		2023			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities		$	19,314			$	19,314			$	-			$	-
Foreign exchange contract assets			13,501				-				13,501				-
Interest rate swaps, cash flow hedge assets			3,632				-				3,632				-
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contract liabilities		$	5,004			$	-			$	5,004			$	-
Interest rate swaps, cash flow hedge liabilities			63				-				63
Interest rate swaps, fair value hedge liabilities			41,532				-				41,532
Net investment hedge liabilities			72,589				-				72,589				-
Contingent consideration liabilities			1,370				-				-				1,370

The valuation of our contingent consideration liability related to the acquisition of TissueSeal and was $500 as of June 1, 2024. The contingent consideration of $870 related to the acquisition of GSSI was paid in the first quarter of 2024. Adjustments to the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses in the Statement of Income. See Note 2 for further discussion regarding our acquisitions. The following table provides details of the contingent consideration liabilities:

		Amounts
Balance at December 2, 2023		$	1,370
Contingent consideration payment			(870	)
Balance at June 1, 2024		$	500

Balances Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include intangible assets acquired in an acquisition. The identified intangible assets of customer relationships, technology and tradenames acquired in connection with our acquisitions were measured using unobservable (Level 3) inputs. The fair value of the intangible assets was calculated using either the income or cost approach. Significant inputs include estimated revenue growth rates, gross margins, operating expenses, attrition rate, royalty rate and discount rate.

See Note 2 for further discussion regarding our acquisitions.

Balances Disclosed at Fair Value

Long-term debt had an estimated fair value of $2,008,768 and $1,785,199 as of June 1, 2024 and December 2, 2023, respectively. The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered for debt of similar maturities. The estimated fair value of these long-term obligations is not necessarily indicative of the amount that would be realized in a current market exchange.

Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Matters

We are involved in environmental investigations, clean-up activities and administrative proceedings related to environmental compliance matters at former and current operating facilities. We have also been identified as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA") and/or similar state laws that impose liability for costs relating to the clean-up of contamination resulting from past spills, disposal or other release of hazardous substances associated with landfills and/or hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, we may be required to pay a share of the costs of investigation and clean-up of these sites. We are subject to similar laws in some of the countries where current and former facilities are located. Our environmental, health and safety department monitors compliance with applicable laws on a global basis. To the extent we can reasonably estimate the amount of our probable liabilities for environmental matters, we establish an undiscounted financial provision. We recorded liabilities of $4,426 and $5,034 as of June 1, 2024 and December 2, 2023, respectively, for probable and reasonably estimable environmental remediation costs. Of the amount reserved, $1,745 and $2,301 as of June 1, 2024 and December 2, 2023, respectively, is attributable to a facility we own in Simpsonville, South Carolina as a result of our Royal Adhesives acquisition that is a designated site under CERCLA.

While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available information, we have concluded that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow.

Other Legal Proceedings

From time to time and in the ordinary course of business, we are a party to, or a target of, lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, contract, patent and intellectual property, environmental, health and safety, tax and employment matters. While we are unable to predict the outcome of these matters, we have concluded, based upon currently available information, that the ultimate resolution of any pending matter, individually or in the aggregate, including the asbestos litigation described in the following paragraphs, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow.

We have been named as a defendant in lawsuits in which plaintiffs have alleged injury due to products containing asbestos manufactured more than 35 years ago. The plaintiffs generally bring these lawsuits against multiple defendants and seek damages (both actual and punitive) in very large amounts. In many cases, plaintiffs are unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any compensable injuries or that the injuries suffered were the result of exposure to products manufactured by us. We are typically dismissed as a defendant in such cases without payment. If the plaintiff presents evidence indicating that compensable injury occurred as a result of exposure to our products, the case is generally settled for an amount that reflects the seriousness of the injury, the length, intensity and character of exposure to products containing asbestos, the number and solvency of other defendants in the case, and the jurisdiction in which the case has been brought.

A significant portion of the defense costs and settlements in asbestos-related litigation is paid by third parties, including indemnification pursuant to the provisions of a 1976 agreement under which we acquired a business from a third party. Currently, this third party is defending and paying settlement amounts, under a reservation of rights, in most of the asbestos cases tendered to the third party.

In addition to the indemnification arrangements with third parties, we have insurance policies that generally provide coverage for asbestos liabilities, including defense costs. Historically, insurers have paid a significant portion of our defense costs and settlements in asbestos-related litigation. However, certain of our insurers are insolvent. We have entered into cost-sharing agreements with our insurers that provide for the allocation of defense costs and settlements and judgments in asbestos-related lawsuits. These agreements require, among other things, that we fund a share of settlements and judgments allocable to years in which the responsible insurer is insolvent.

A summary of the number of and settlement amounts for asbestos-related lawsuits and claims is as follows:

		Six Months Ended			3 Years Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023			December 2, 2023
Lawsuits and claims settled			7				5				18
Settlement amounts		$	1,033			$	3,495			$	4,581
Insurance payments received or expected to be received		$	730			$	1,944			$	2,629

We do not believe that it would be meaningful to disclose the aggregate number of asbestos-related lawsuits filed against us because relatively few of these lawsuits are known to involve exposure to asbestos-containing products that we manufactured. Rather, we believe it is more meaningful to disclose the number of lawsuits that are settled and result in a payment to the plaintiff. To the extent we can reasonably estimate the amount of our probable liabilities for pending asbestos-related claims, we establish a financial provision and a corresponding receivable for insurance recoveries.

In February 2024, the named plaintiffs in Rouse et al. v. H.B. Fuller Company et al. filed a third amended complaint in their lawsuit against the Company and one of its subsidiaries, which was initiated in September 2022. The suit is pending in the federal District of Minnesota and seeks damages arising from property damage attributed to alleged defects in grout sold by the Company or its affiliates. The named plaintiffs seek to represent a class but have not yet moved for class certification. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against the claims outlined in this lawsuit. As of June 1, 2024, we are unable to estimate any possible loss or range of possible losses and have not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Based on currently available information, we have concluded that the resolution of any pending matter, including asbestos-related litigation, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow.

Note 14: Share Repurchase Program

On April 22,2022, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $300,000 of our outstanding common shares for a period of up to fiveyears. Under the program, we are authorized to repurchase shares for cash on the open market, from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions or block transactions, or through an accelerated repurchase agreement. The timing of such repurchases is dependent on price, market conditions and applicable regulatory requirements. Upon repurchasing shares, we reduce our common stock for the par value of the shares with the excess being applied against additional paid-in capital.

During the second quarter of 2024, we repurchased shares under this program with an aggregate value of $14,262. Of this amount, $183 reduced common stock and $14,079 reduced additional paid-in capital. There were no shares repurchased under this program during the first quarter of 2024 or the firstsix months of 2023.

Note 15: Segments

We are required to report segment information in the same way that we internally organize our business for assessing performance and making decisions regarding allocation of resources. Revenue and operating income of each of our segments are regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assess their performance. Segment operating income is identified as gross profit less SG&A expenses. Corporate expenses, other than those included in Corporate Unallocated, are allocated to each operating segment. Consistent with our internal management reporting, Corporate Unallocated amounts include business acquisition and integration costs, organizational restructuring charges and project costs associated with implementing a global Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system that we refer to as Project ONE. Corporate assets are not allocated to the operating segments. Inter-segment revenues are recorded at cost plus a markup for administrative costs.

We have threereportable segments: Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives, Engineering Adhesives and Construction Adhesives. The business components within each operating segment are managed to maximize the results of the overall operating segment rather than the results of any individual business component of the operating segment. Results of individual components of each operating segment are subject to numerous allocations of segment-wide costs that may or may not have been focused on that particular component for a particular reporting period. The costs for these allocated resources are not tracked on a "where-used" basis as financial performance is assessed at the total operating segment level.

The table below provides certain information regarding net revenue and operating income (loss) for each of our operating segments.

		Three Months Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
		Net			Operating			Net			Operating
		Revenue			Income (Loss)			Revenue			Income (Loss)
Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives		$	393,111			$	50,488			$	404,486			$	51,592
Engineering Adhesives			373,518				51,822				364,080				44,400
Construction Adhesives			150,478				10,418				129,673				5,969
Total segment		$	917,107			$	112,728			$	898,239			$	101,961
Corporate Unallocated1			-				(12,132	)			-				(11,811	)
Total		$	917,107			$	100,596			$	898,239			$	90,150

		Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
		Net			Operating			Net			Operating
		Revenue			Income (Loss)			Revenue			Income (Loss)
Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives		$	760,804			$	97,366			$	788,014			$	96,738
Engineering Adhesives			702,283				86,655				697,147				76,875
Construction Adhesives			264,438				7,799				222,260				(3,664	)
Total segment		$	1,727,525			$	191,820			$	1,707,421			$	169,949
Corporate Unallocated			-				(24,349	)			-				(19,533	)
Total		$	1,727,525			$	167,471			$	1,707,421			$	150,416

¹ Consistent with our internal management reporting, Corporate Unallocated amounts in the tables above include charges that are not allocated to the Company's reportable segments.

The table below provides a reconciliation of operating income to income before income taxes and income from equity method investments:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			June 1,			June 3,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
Operating income		$	100,596			$	90,150			$	167,471			$	150,416
Other income, net			3,634				605				5,135				3,209
Interest expense			(32,314	)			(33,131	)			(64,216	)			(66,200	)
Interest income			1,199				932				2,506				1,599
Income before income taxes and income from equity method investments		$	73,115			$	58,556			$	110,896			$	89,024

We view the following disaggregation of net revenue by geographic region as useful to understanding the composition of revenue recognized during the respective reporting periods:

		Three Months Ended June 1, 2024
		Hygiene, Health
		and Consumable			Engineering			Construction
		Adhesives			Adhesives			Adhesives			Total
Americas		$	227,068			$	159,216			$	112,284			$	498,568
EIMEA			112,631				116,468				29,523				258,622
Asia Pacific			53,412				97,834				8,671				159,917
Total		$	393,111			$	373,518			$	150,478			$	917,107

		Three Months Ended June 3, 2023
		Hygiene, Health
		and Consumable			Engineering			Construction
		Adhesives			Adhesives			Adhesives			Total
Americas		$	237,325			$	149,239			$	101,642			$	488,206
EIMEA			114,723				119,199				19,917				253,839
Asia Pacific			52,438				95,642				8,114				156,194
Total		$	404,486			$	364,080			$	129,673			$	898,239

		Six Months Ended June 1, 2024
		Hygiene, Health
		and Consumable			Engineering			Construction
		Adhesives			Adhesives			Adhesives			Total
Americas		$	443,374			$	292,267			$	194,816			$	930,457
EIMEA			216,520				221,599				54,508				492,627
Asia Pacific			100,910				188,417				15,114				304,441
Total		$	760,804			$	702,283			$	264,438			$	1,727,525

		Six Months Ended June 3, 2023
		Hygiene, Health
		and Consumable			Engineering			Construction
		Adhesives			Adhesives			Adhesives			Total
Americas		$	460,944			$	282,709			$	172,606			$	916,259
EIMEA			221,794				232,559				34,495				488,848
Asia Pacific			105,276				181,879				15,159				302,314
Total		$	788,014			$	697,147			$	222,260			$	1,707,421

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") should be read in conjunction with the MD&A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 2, 2023 for important background information related to our business.

Net revenue in the second quarter of 2024 increased 2.1 percent from the second quarter of 2023. Net revenue increased 3.9 percent due to acquisitions and 3.3 percent due to sales volume, partially offset by a 3.4 percent decrease in pricing and a 1.7 percent decrease due to negative currency effect compared to the second quarter of 2023. The negative currency effects were primarily driven by aweaker Turkish lira, Chinese renminbi and Egyptian pound offset by a stronger Brazilian real and Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar. Gross profit margin increased 220basis points primarily due to lower raw material costs and higher sales volume partially offset by lower product pricing.

Net revenue in the first six months of 2024 increased 1.2 percent from the first six months of 2023. Net revenue increased 4.4 percent due to acquisitions and 1.4 percent due to sales volume, partially offset by a 3.4 percent decrease in pricing and a 1.2 percent decrease due to negative currency effect compared to the first six months of 2023. The negative currency effects were primarily driven by a weaker Turkish lira, Chinese renminbi and Egyptian pound offset by a stronger Euro, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Colombian peso compared to the U.S. dollar. Gross profit margin increased 260 basis points primarily due to lower raw material costs partially offset by lower product pricing.

Net income attributable to H.B. Fuller in the second quarter of 2024 was $51.3 million compared to $40.4 million in the second quarter of 2023. Diluted earnings per share for the second quarter of 2024 was $0.91 per share compared to $0.73 per share for the second quarter of 2023.

Net income attributable to H.B. Fuller in the first six months of 2024 was $82.3 million compared to $62.3 million in the first six months of 2023. Diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2024 was $1.45 per share compared to $1.12 per share for the first six months of 2023.

Restructuring Plans

During the second and third quarters of 2023, the Company approved restructuring plans (the "Plans") related to organizational changes and other actions to optimize operations and integrate acquired businesses. In implementing the Plans, the Company currently expects to incur costs of approximately $39.1 million to $44.1 million ($30.4 million to $34.4 million after-tax), which include (i) cash expenditures of approximately $28.4 million to $29.6 million ($22.0 million to $23.0 million after tax) for severance and related employee costs globally and (ii) other restructuring costs related to the streamlining of processes and the payment of anticipated income taxes in certain jurisdictions related to the Plans. We have incurred costs of $37.1 million under the Plans as of June 1, 2024. The Plans were implemented in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 and are currently expected to be completed during fiscal year 2026. The restructuring costs will be spread across the next several fiscal quarters as the measures are implemented with the majority of the charges recognized and cash payments occurring in fiscal 2023 and 2024.

Results of Operations

Net revenue:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Net revenue		$	917.1			$	898.2				2.1	%		$	1,727.5			$	1,707.4				1.2	%

We review variances in net revenue in terms of changes related to sales volume, product pricing, business acquisitions and divestitures ("M&A") and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The following table shows the net revenue variance analysis for the second quarter and first six months of 2024 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2023:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023
Organic growth			(0.1	)%			(2.0	)%
M&A			3.9	%			4.4	%
Currency			(1.7	)%			(1.2	)%
Total			2.1	%			1.2	%

Organic revenue decreased 0.1 percent in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 and consisted of a 7.2 percent increase in Construction Adhesives and a 2.5 percent increase in Engineering Adhesives, offset by a 4.7 percent decrease in Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives. The decrease was driven by a 3.4 percent decrease in product pricing, partially offset by a 3.3 percent increase in sales volume.The 3.9 percent increase from M&A was due to our acquisitions that occurred in the last twelve months. The negative 1.7 percent foreign currency impact was primarily driven by aweaker Turkish lira, Chinese renminbi and Egyptian pound offset by a stronger Brazilian real and Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar.

Organic revenue decreased 2.0 percent in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023 and consisted of an 8.5 percent increase in Construction Adhesives and a 0.2 percent increase in Engineering Adhesives, offset by a 7.1 percent decrease in Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives. The decrease was driven by a 3.4 percent decrease in product pricing, partially offset by a 1.4 percent increase in sales volume.The 4.4 percent increase from M&A was due to our acquisitions that occurred in the last twelve months. The negative 1.2 percent foreign currency impact was primarily driven by aweaker Turkish lira, Chinese renminbi and Egyptian pound offset by a stronger Euro, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Colombian peso compared to the U.S. dollar.

Cost of sales:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Cost of sales		$	635.1			$	641.5				(1.0	)%		$	1,206.2			$	1,235.8				(2.4	)%
Percent of net revenue			69.3	%			71.4	%							69.8	%			72.4	%

Cost of sales in the secondquarter of 2024compared to the secondquarter of 2023decreased 210basis points as a percentage of net revenue. Raw material cost as a percentage of net revenue decreased 280 basis points in 2024 compared to 2023 due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue increased 70 basis points in 2024 compared to 2023 due to a decrease in product pricing partially offset by higher sales volume.

Cost of sales in the first six months of2024compared to the first six months of2023decreased 260 basis points as a percentage of net revenue. Raw material cost as a percentage of net revenue decreased 370 basis points in 2024 compared to 2023 due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue increased 110 basis points in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to a decrease in product pricing.

Gross profit:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Gross profit		$	282.1			$	256.8				9.9	%		$	521.3			$	471.6				10.5	%
Percent of net revenue			30.8	%			28.6	%							30.2	%			27.6	%

Gross profit in the second quarter of 2024 increased 9.9 percent and gross profit margin increased 220 basis points compared to the second quarter of 2023. The increase in gross profit margin was due to a 280 basis point decrease in raw materials offset by a 70 basis point increase in other manufacturing costs.

Gross profit in the first six months of 2024 increased 10.5 percent and gross profit margin increased 260 basis points compared to the first six months of 2023. The increase in gross profit margin was due to a 370 basis point decrease in raw materials offset by a 110 basis point increase in other manufacturing costs.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
SG&A		$	181.5			$	166.6				8.9	%		$	353.8			$	321.2				10.1	%
Percent of net revenue			19.8	%			18.5	%							20.5	%			18.8	%

SG&A expenses for the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 increased 130 basis points as a percentage of net revenue. The increase was due tothe impact of acquisitions and higher compensation costs.

SG&A expenses for the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023 increased 170 basis points as a percentage of net revenue. The increase was due tothe impact of acquisitions and higher compensation costs.

Other income, net:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Other income, net		$	3.6			$	0.6				500.0	%		$	5.1			$	3.2				59.4	%

Other income, net in the second quarter of 2024 included $4.0 million of net defined benefit pension benefits, partially offset by $0.3 million of currency transaction losses and a $0.1 million of other expense. Other income, net in the second quarter of 2023 included $3.6 million of net defined benefit pension benefits and $0.4 million of other income, partially offset by $3.4 million of currency transaction losses.

Other income, net in the first six months of 2024 included $7.9 million of net defined benefit pension benefits, partially offset by $2.3 million of currency transaction losses, a $0.4 million loss from the write-off of a cost method investment and $0.1 million of other expense. Other income, net in the first six months of 2023 included $10.1 million of net defined benefit pension benefits and $0.7 million of other income, partially offset by $7.6 million of currency transaction losses.

Interest expense:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Interest expense		$	32.3			$	33.1				(2.4	)%		$	64.2			$	66.2				(3.0	)%

Interest expense in the secondquarter of 2024was $32.3million compared to $33.1million in the secondquarter of 2023and was lower primarily due to lower interest rates and lower debt balances.

Interest expense in the first six months of2024was $64.2million compared to $66.2million in the first six months of2023and was lower primarily due to lower interest rates and lower debt balances.

Interest income:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Interest income		$	1.2			$	0.9				33.3	%		$	2.5			$	1.6				56.3	%

Interest income in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023 was $1.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, consisting primarily of interest on cross-currency swap activity and other miscellaneous interest income.

Interest income in the first six months of 2024 and 2023 was $2.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, consisting primarily of interest on cross-currency swap activity and other miscellaneous interest income.

Income taxes:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Income taxes		$	22.4			$	19.3				16.1	%		$	30.2			$	29.0				4.1	%
Effective tax rate			30.7	%			33.0	%							27.3	%			32.6	%

Income tax expense of $22.4 million in the second quarter of 2024 includes $1.3 million of discrete tax expense. Excluding the discrete tax expense, the overall effective tax rate was 28.9 percent. The discrete tax expense relates to various foreign tax matters offset by an excess tax benefit related to U.S. stock compensation. Income tax expense of $19.3 million in the second quarter of 2023 includes $2.0 million of discrete tax expense. Excluding the discrete tax expense, the overall effective tax rate was 29.5 percent. The discrete tax expense related to various foreign tax matters.

Income tax expense of $30.2 million in the first six months of 2024 includes $1.2 million of discrete tax benefit. Excluding the discrete tax benefit, the overall effective tax rate was 28.4 percent. The discrete tax benefit relates to an excess tax benefit related to U.S. stock compensation offset by various foreign tax matters. Income tax expense of $29.0 million in the first six months of 2023 includes $2.9 million of discrete tax expense. Excluding the discrete tax expense, the overall effective tax rate was 29.4 percent. The discrete tax expense related to various foreign tax matters offset by an excess tax benefit related to U.S. stock compensation.

Income from equity method investments:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Income from equity method investments		$	0.6			$	1.2				(50.0	)%		$	1.6			$	2.3				(30.4	)%

The income from equity method investments relates to our 50 percent ownership of the Sekisui-Fuller joint venture in Japan. The lower income for the second quarter and first six months of 2024 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2023 is due to lower net income in our joint venture and the unfavorable impact of the weakening of the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar.

Net income attributable to H.B. Fuller:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Net income attributable to H.B. Fuller		$	51.3			$	40.4				27.0	%		$	82.3			$	62.3				32.1	%
Percent of net revenue			5.6	%			4.5	%							4.8	%			3.6	%

The net income attributable to H.B. Fuller for the second quarter of 2024 was $51.3 million compared to $40.4 million for the second quarter of 2023. The diluted earnings per share for the second quarter of 2024 was $0.91 per share as compared to $0.73 per share for the second quarter of 2023.

The net income attributable to H.B. Fuller for the first six months of 2024 was $82.3 million compared to $62.3 million for the first six months of 2023. The diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2024 was $1.45 per share as compared to $1.12 per share for the first six months of 2023.

Operating Segment Results

We have three reportable segments: Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives, Engineering Adhesives and Construction Adhesives. Operating results of each of these segments are regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assess their performance.

The tables below provide certain information regarding the net revenue and operating income of each of our operating segments.

Corporate Unallocated amounts include business acquisition and integration costs, organizational restructuring charges and project costs associated with implementing a global Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system that we refer to as Project ONE.

Net Revenue by Segment:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
		Net			% of			Net			% of			Net			% of			Net			% of
($ in millions)		Revenue			Total			Revenue			Total			Revenue			Total			Revenue			Total
Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives		$	393.1				43	%		$	404.5				45	%		$	760.8				44	%		$	788.0				46	%
Engineering Adhesives			373.5				41	%			364.1				41	%			702.3				41	%			697.1				41	%
Construction Adhesives			150.5				16	%			129.6				14	%			264.4				15	%			222.3				13	%
Segment total		$	917.1				100	%		$	898.2				100	%		$	1,727.5				100	%		$	1,707.4				100	%
Corporate Unallocated			-				-				-				-				-				-				-				-
Total		$	917.1				100	%		$	898.2				100	%		$	1,727.5				100	%		$	1,707.4				100	%

Segment Operating Income (Loss):

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
		Segment							Segment							Segment							Segment
		Operating							Operating							Operating							Operating
		Income			% of			Income			% of			Income			% of			Income			% of
($ in millions)		(Loss)			Total			(Loss)			Total			(Loss)			Total			(Loss)			Total
Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives		$	50.5				50	%		$	51.6				57	%		$	97.4				58	%		$	96.7				64	%
Engineering Adhesives			51.8				52	%			44.4				49	%			86.6				52	%			76.9				51	%
Construction Adhesives			10.4				10	%			6.0				7	%			7.8				5	%			(3.7	)			(2	)%
Segment total		$	112.7				112	%		$	102.0				113	%		$	191.8				115	%		$	169.9				113	%
Corporate Unallocated			(12.1	)			(12	)%			(11.8	)			(13	)%			(24.3	)			(15	)%			(19.5	)			(13	)%
Total		$	100.6				100	%		$	90.2				100	%		$	167.5				100	%		$	150.4				100	%

Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Net revenue		$	393.1			$	404.5				(2.8	)%		$	760.8			$	788.0				(3.5	)%
Segment operating income		$	50.5			$	51.6				(2.1	)%		$	97.4			$	96.7				0.6	%
Segment operating margin			12.8	%			12.8	%							12.8	%			12.3	%

The following table provides details of the Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives net revenue variances:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023
Organic growth			(4.7	)%			(7.1	)%
M&A			4.0	%			4.9	%
Currency			(2.1	)%			(1.3	)%
Total			(2.8	)%			(3.5	)%

Net revenue decreased 2.8 percent in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. The decrease in organic growth was attributable to a decrease in product pricing, partially offset by a slight increase in sales volume. The 4.0 percent increase in net revenue from M&A was due to the acquisitions of Beardow Adams in the second quarter of 2023 and Adhezion in the third quarter of 2023. The negative currency effect was due to a weaker Turkish lira, Egyptian pound and Chinese renminbi offset by a stronger Brazilian real and Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar. As a percentage of net revenue, raw material costs decreased 260 basis points due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue increased 60 basis points due to lower product pricing, partially offset by a slight increase in sales volume. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased 200 basis points due to the impact of acquisitions and lower net revenue. Segment operating income decreased 2.1percent and segment operating margin as a percentage of net revenue was flat compared to the secondquarter of 2023.

Net revenue decreased 3.5 percent in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023. The decrease in organic growth was attributable to a decrease in product pricing and sales volume. The 4.9 percent increase in net revenue from M&A was due to the acquisitions of Beardow Adams in the second quarter of 2023 and Adhezion in the third quarter of 2023. The negative currency effect was due to a weaker Turkish lira, Egyptian pound, and Chinese renminbi offset by a stronger Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Colombian peso compared to the U.S. dollar. As a percentage of net revenue, raw material costs decreased 390 basis points due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue increased 100 basis points due to lower product pricing and lower sales volume. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased 240 basis points due to the impact of acquisitions, lower net revenue and higher compensation costs. Segment operating income increased 0.6 percent and segment operating margin as a percentage of net revenue increased 50basis points compared to the first six months of2023.

Engineering Adhesives

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Net revenue		$	373.5			$	364.1				2.6	%		$	702.3			$	697.1				0.7	%
Segment operating income		$	51.8			$	44.4				16.7	%		$	86.6			$	76.9				12.7	%
Segment operating margin			13.9	%			12.2	%							12.3	%			11.0	%

The following tables provide details of the Engineering Adhesives net revenue variances:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023
Organic growth			2.5	%			0.2	%
M&A			1.9	%			1.9	%
Currency			(1.8	)%			(1.4	)%
Total			2.6	%			0.7	%

Net revenue increased 2.6 percent inthe secondquarter of 2024compared to the secondquarter of 2023. The increase in organic growth was attributable to an increase in sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in product pricing. The 1.9percent increase in net revenue from M&A was due to the acquisition of ND Industries in the second quarter of 2024. The negative currency effect was due to a weaker Chinese renminbi and Turkish lira offset by a stronger British pound sterling compared to the U.S. dollar. As a percentage of net revenue, raw material costs decreased 290 basis points due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue increased 50 basis points. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased 70 basis points primarily due to higher compensation costs. Segment operating income increased 16.7percent and segment operating margin increased 170basis points compared to the secondquarter of 2023.

Net revenue increased 0.7 percent inthe first six months of2024compared to the first six months of2023. The increase in organic growth was attributable to an increase in sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in product pricing. The 1.9 percent increase in net revenue from M&A was due to the acquisition of Aspen in the first quarter of 2023 and ND Industries in the second quarter of 2024. The negative currency effect was due to a weaker Chinese renminbi and Turkish lira compared to the U.S. dollar. As a percentage of net revenue, raw material costs decreased 350 basis points due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue increased 90 basis points due to the impact of lower product pricing, partially offset by increased sales volume. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased by 130 basis points due to higher compensation costs. Segment operating income increased 12.7 percent and segment operating margin increased 130basis points compared to the first six months of2023.

Construction Adhesives

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Net revenue		$	150.5			$	129.6				16.1	%		$	264.4			$	222.3				19.0	%
Segment operating income		$	10.4			$	6.0				74.5	%		$	7.8			$	(3.7	)			(312.9	)%
Segment operating margin			6.9	%			4.6	%							2.9	%			(1.7	)%

The following tables provide details of the Construction Adhesives net revenue variances:

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023			June 1, 2024 vs. June 3, 2023
Organic growth			7.2	%			8.5	%
M&A			8.9	%			10.5	%
Currency			(0.1	)%			0.0	%
Total			16.0	%			19.0	%

Net revenue increased 16.0 percent in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. The increase in organic growth was attributable to an increase in sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in product pricing. The 8.9 percent increase in net revenue from M&A was due to the acquisitions of XChem in the third quarter of 2023 and Sanglier in the fourth quarter of 2023.As a percentage of net revenue, raw material costs decreased 130basis points due to lower raw material costs. Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue decreased 60 basis points due to higher sales volume, partially offset by lower product pricing. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net revenue decreased 40 basis points. Segment operating income increased 74.5percent and segment operating margin increased 230basis points compared to the secondquarter of 2023.

Net revenue increased 19.0 percent in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023. The increase in organic growth was attributable to an increase in sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in product pricing. The 10.5 percent increase in net revenue from M&A was due to the acquisitions of XChem in the third quarter of 2023 and Sanglier in the fourth quarter of 2023.As a percentage of net revenue, raw material costs decreased 190 basis points due to lower raw material costs.Other manufacturing costs as a percentage of net revenue decreased 90 basis points due to higher sales volume, partially offset by lower product pricing. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net revenue decreased by 190 basis points due increased net revenue, partially offset by the impact of acquisitions and higher compensation costs. Segment operating loss decreased 312.9 percent to operating income and segment operating margin increased 470basis points compared to the first six months of2023.

Corporate Unallocated

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs			June 1,			June 3,			2024 vs
($ in millions)		2024			2023			2023			2024			2023			2023
Net revenue		$	-			$	-				0.0	%		$	-			$	-				0.0	%
Segment operating loss		$	(12.1	)		$	(11.8	)			2.7	%		$	(24.3	)		$	(19.5	)			24.7	%
Segment operating margin		NMP			NMP							NMP			NMP

NMP = Non-meaningful percentage

Corporate Unallocated includes acquisition and integration-related charges, restructuring-related charges, and costs related to the implementation of Project ONE.

Segment operating loss in the second quarter of 2024 increased 2.7 percent compared to the second quarter of 2023 due to higher restructuring and acquisition project costs.

Segment operating loss in the first six months of 2024 increased 24.7 percent compared to the first six months of 2023 due to higher restructuring and acquisition project costs.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Total cash and cash equivalents as of June 1, 2024 were $114.8 million compared to $179.5 million as of December 2, 2023 and $103.2 million as of June 3, 2023. The majority of the $114.8 million in cash and cash equivalents as of June 1, 2024 was held outside the United States. Total long and short-term debt was $2,024.9 million as of June 1, 2024, $1,838.4 million as of December 2, 2023 and $1,882.3 million as of June 3, 2023. The total debt to total capital ratio as measured by total debt divided by total debt plus total stockholders' equity was 53.0 percent as of June 1, 2024 as compared to 51.1 percent as of December 2, 2023 and 52.8 percent as of June 3, 2023.

We believe that cash flows from operating activities will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital expenditure needs. In addition, we believe we have the ability to obtain both short-term and long-term debt to meet our financing needs for the foreseeable future. Cash available in the United States has historically been sufficient and we expect it will continue to be sufficient to fund U.S. operations, U.S. capital spending and U.S. pension and other postretirement benefit contributions in addition to funding U.S. acquisitions, dividend payments, debt service and share repurchases as needed. For those international earnings considered to be reinvested indefinitely, we currently have no intention to, and plans do not indicate a need to, repatriate these funds for U.S. operations.

Our credit agreements include restrictive covenants that, if not met, could lead to a renegotiation of our credit lines and a significant increase in our cost of financing. As of June 3, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants of our contractual obligations as shown in the following table:

Covenant		Debt Instrument		Measurement		Result as of June 1, 2024
Secured Total Indebtedness / TTM1 EBITDA		Revolving Facility and Term Loan A Facility		Not greater than 4.752		2.3
TTM1 EBITDA / Consolidated Interest Expense		Revolving Facility and Term Loan A Facility		Not less than 2.0		5.0

	1TTM = Trailing 12 months
	2The Maximum Secured Leverage Ratio prior to June 1, 2024, shall be 4.75 to 1.00 and will step down to 4.50 to 1.0 with respect to quarters ending after June 1, 2024

EBITDA for covenant purposes is defined as consolidated net income, plus (i) interest expense, (ii) expense for taxes paid or accrued, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) certain non-cash impairment losses, (v) extraordinary non-cash losses incurred other than in the ordinary course of business, (vi) nonrecurring extraordinary non-cash restructuring charges and the non-cash impact of purchase accounting, (vii) any non-cash charge for the excess of rent expense over actual cash rent paid due to the use of straight-line rent, non-cash charge pursuant to any management equity plan, stock option plan or any other management or employee benefit, (viii) any non-cash finance charges in respect of any pension liabilities or other provisions and income (loss) attributable to deferred compensation plans, (ix) any non-recurring or unusual cash restructuring charges and operating improvements, (x) cost savings initiative and cost synergies related to acquisitions within 12 months, (xi) non-capitalized charges relating to the Company's SAP implementation, (xii) fees, costs, expenses and charges incurred in connection with the financing, (xiii) fees, costs, expenses, make-whole or penalty payments and other similar items arising out of acquisitions, investments and dispositions, the incurrence, issuance, repayment or refinancing of indebtedness and any issuance of equity interests; minus, non-recurring or unusual non-cash gains incurred not in the ordinary course of business. Provided that the aggregate amounts that may be added back for any period pursuant to clauses (ix), (x) and (xi) shall not exceed 15% of EBITDA for such period (calculated prior to giving effect to all addbacks and adjustments). For Secured Total Indebtedness / TTM EBITDA ratio, TTM EBITDA is adjusted for the pro forma results from Material Acquisitions and Material Divestitures, both as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as if the acquisition or divestiture occurred at the beginning of the calculation period. The full definition is set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company filed as an exhibit to its 8-K filing dated February 21, 2023.

Consolidated Interest Expense for covenant purposes is defined as the interest expense (including without limitation to the portion of capital lease obligations that constitutes imputed interest in accordance with GAAP) of the Company and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis for such period with respect to all outstanding indebtedness allocable to such period in accordance with GAAP, including net costs (or benefits) under Interest Rate Swap Agreements and commissions, discounts and other fees and charges with respect to letters of credit and the interest component of all Attributable Receivables Indebtedness.

We believe we have the ability to meet all of our contractual obligations and commitments in fiscal 2024.

Selected Metrics of Liquidity

Key metrics we monitor are net working capital as a percent of annualized net revenue, trade receivable days sales outstanding ("DSO"), inventory days on hand, trade accounts payable outstanding ("DPO") free cash flow after dividends and debt capitalization ratio.

		June 1,			June 3,
		2024			2023
Net working capital as a percentage of annualized net revenue1			16.2	%			18.1	%
Accounts receivable DSO (in days)2			57				59
Inventory days on hand (in days)3			74				74
Trade accounts payable DPO (in days)4			68				62
Free cash flow5		$	38.8			$	4.5
Total debt to total capital ratio6			53.0	%			52.8	%

¹Current quarter net working capital (trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts plus inventory minus trade payables) divided by annualized net revenue (current quarter multiplied by four).

² Trade receivables net of the allowance for doubtful accounts at the balance sheet date multiplied by 91 (13 weeks) and divided by the net revenue for the quarter.

³ Total inventory multiplied by 91 and divided by cost of sales (excluding delivery costs) for the quarter.

⁴ Trade accounts payable multiplied by 91 (13 weeks) and divided by the net revenue for the quarter.

⁵Year-to-date net cash provided by operating activities, less purchased property, plant and equipment. See reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free (negative) cash flow.

⁶Total debt divided by (total debt plus total stockholders' equity).

Free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less purchased property, plant and equipment. Free cash flow is an integral financial measure used by the Company to assess its ability to generate cash in excess of its operating needs, therefore, the Company believes this financial measure provides useful information to investors. The following table reflects the manner in which free cash flow is determined and provides a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Reconciliation of "Net cash provided by operating activities" to free cash flow

		Six Months Ended
($ in millions)		June 1, 2024			June 3, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	129.0			$	108.4
Less: Purchased property, plant and equipment			90.2				82.6
Free cash flow		$	38.8			$	25.8

Summary of Cash Flows

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

		Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,
($ in millions)		2024			2023
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	129.0			$	108.4

Net income including non-controlling interest was $82.3 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to $62.3 million in the first six months of 2023. Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $84.7 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to $77.0 million in the first six months of 2023. Deferred income taxes was a use of cash of $24.1 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to $16.8 million in the first six months of 2023. Accrued compensation was a use of cash of $16.4 million in 2024 compared to $42.2 million in 2023. Other assets was a use of cash of $22.3 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to $37.0 million in the first six months of 2023. Other liabilities was a use of cash of $1.8 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to a source of cash of $18.8 million in the first six months of 2023.

Changes in net working capital (trade receivables, inventory and trade payables) accounted for a source of cash of $4.9 million compared to a source of cash of $54.9 million last year. The table below provides the cash flow impact due to changes in the components of net working capital and an assessment of each of the components:

		Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,
($ in millions)		2024			2023
Trade receivables, net		$	22.6			$	66.9
Inventory			(56.5	)			8.3
Trade payables			38.8				(20.3	)
Total cash flow impact		$	4.9			$	54.9

●

Trade receivables, net - Trade receivables, net was a source of cash of $22.6 million and $66.9 million in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The slightly higher source of cash in 2024 compared to 2023 was due to more cash collected on trade receivables in the current year compared to the prior year. The DSO were 57 days at June 1, 2024 and 59 days at June 3, 2023.

●

Inventory - Inventory was a use of cash of $56.5 million and a source of cash of $8.3 million in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The higher use of cash in 2024 compared to 2023 is due to higher inventory purchases in 2024 compared to 2023. Inventory days on hand were 74 days as of June 1, 2024 and 74 days as of June 3, 2023.

●

Trade payables - Trade payables was a source of cash of $38.8 million and a use of cash of $20.3 million in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The higher source of cash in 2024 compared to 2023 reflects lower payments on trade payables in the current year compared to the prior year.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

		Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,
($ in millions)		2024			2023
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(343.8	)		$	(183.7	)

Purchases of property, plant and equipment were $90.2 million during the first sixmonths of 2024compared to $82.6 million for the same period of 2023. This difference reflects the timing of capital projects and expenditures related to growth initiatives.

During the first six months of 2024, we paid $254.3 million of cash, net of cash acquired for purchased businesses. During the first six months of 2023, we paid $103.7 million, net of cash acquired for purchased businesses.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

		Six Months Ended
		June 1,			June 3,
($ in millions)		2024			2023
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		$	160.8			$	93.3

In the first sixmonths of 2024, borrowings on our revolving credit facility were $1,497.0 million and repayments on our revolving credit facility and our long-term debt totaled $1,305.5 million. These borrowings are for general working capital purposes and permitted acquisitions. Borrowings on our long-term debt were $1,300.0 and payments on our revolving credit facility were $1,176.7 million in the first sixmonths of 2023. Payment of debt issue costs were $3.5 million in the first six months of 2024 and $10.2 million in the first sixmonths of 2023. Net payments of notes payable were a use of cash of $0.4 million in the first sixmonths of 2024compared to $0.2 million in the same period of 2023. Cash dividends paid were $23.3 million in the first sixmonths of 2024compared to $21.3 million in the same period of 2023. Repurchases of common stock were $21.8 million in the first sixmonths of 2024compared to $2.6 million in the same period of 2023.

Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of words like "plan," "expect," "aim," "believe," "project," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "will," "should," "could" (including the negative or variations thereof) and other expressions that indicate future events and trends. These plans and expectations are based upon certain underlying assumptions, including those mentioned with the specific statements. Such assumptions are in turn based upon internal estimates and analyses of current market conditions and trends, our plans and strategies, economic conditions and other factors. These plans and expectations and the assumptions underlying them are necessarily subject to risks and uncertainties inherent in projecting future conditions and results. Actual results could differ materially from expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements if one or more of the underlying assumptions and expectations proves to be inaccurate or is unrealized. In addition to the factors described in this report, Item 1A. Risk Factors identifies some of the important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in any such forward-looking statements. In order to comply with the terms of the safe harbor, we have identified these important factors which could affect our financial performance and could cause our actual results for future periods to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. These factors should be considered, together with any similar risk factors or other cautionary language that may be made elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The list of important factors in Item 1A. Risk Factors does not necessarily present the risk factors in order of importance. This disclosure, including that under Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors, and other forward-looking statements and related disclosures made by us in this report and elsewhere from time to time, represents our best judgment as of the date the information is given. We do not undertake responsibility for updating any of such information, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. Investors are advised, however, to consult any further public company disclosures (such as in filings with the SEC or in our press releases) on related subjects.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates, foreign currency rates and prices of raw materials. Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. See Part II, Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 2, 2023 for further discussion of these market risks. There have been no material changes in the reported market risk of the Company since December 2, 2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Controls and Procedures

We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our president and chief executive officer and executive vice president, chief financial officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)) as of June 1, 2024. Based on this evaluation, our president and chief executive officer and executive vice president, chief financial officer concluded that, as of June 1, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

For purposes of Rule 13a-15(e), the term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its president and chief executive officer and executive vice president, chief financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Environmental Matters

We are involved in environmental investigations, clean-up activities and administrative proceedings related to environmental compliance matters at former and current operating facilities. We have also been identified as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and/or similar state laws that impose liability for costs relating to the clean up of contamination resulting from past spills, disposal or other release of hazardous substances associated with landfills and/or hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, we may be required to pay a share of the costs of investigation and clean-up of these sites. We are subject to similar laws in some of the countries where current and former facilities are located. Our environmental, health and safety department monitors compliance with applicable laws on a global basis.

To the extent we can reasonably estimate the amount of our probable liabilities for environmental matters, we establish a financial provision.

While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available information, we have concluded that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow.

Other Legal Proceedings

From time to time and in the ordinary course of business, we are a party to, or a target of, lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, contract, patent and intellectual property, environmental, health and safety, tax and employment matters. While we are unable to predict the outcome of these matters, we have concluded, based upon currently available information, that the ultimate resolution of any pending matter, individually or in the aggregate, including asbestos-related litigation, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow. However, adverse developments and/or periodic settlements could negatively impact the results of operations or cash flows in one or more future periods.

For additional information regarding environmental matters and other legal proceedings, see Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements concerning our future programs, products, expenses, revenue, liquidity and cash needs as well as our plans and strategies. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and we assume no obligation to update this information. Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ significantly from the results described in these forward-looking statements, including the risk factors identified under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 2, 2023. There have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed by us under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 2, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Information on our purchase of equity securities during the quarter ended June 1, 2024 is as follows:

										(d)
										Maximum
										Approximate Dollar
		(a)							Value of Shares that
		Total			(b)			may yet be
		Number of			Average			Purchased Under the
		Shares			Price Paid			Plan or Program
Period		Purchased			per Share			(millions)
March 3, 2024 - April 6, 2024			-			$	-			$	300
April 7, 2024 - May 4, 2024			25,000			$	75.58			$	298
May 5, 2024 - June 1, 2024			157,400			$	78.60			$	286

On April 7, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $300.0 million of our outstanding common shares for a period of up to five years. Under the program, we are authorized to repurchase shares for cash on the open market, from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions or block transactions, or through an accelerated repurchase agreement. The timing of such repurchases is dependent on price, market conditions and applicable regulatory requirements.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Plan Adoptions and Modifications

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

	10.1	Refinancing and Incremental Amendment dated March 4, 2024, among H.B. Fuller Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the various other parties named thereto(1)
	31.1	Form of 302 Certification - Celeste B. Mastin
	31.2	Form of 302 Certification - John J. Corkrean
	32.1	Form of 906 Certification - Celeste B. Mastin
	32.2	Form of 906 Certification - John J. Corkrean
	101	The following materials from the H.B. Fuller Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 1, 2024 formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (Inline XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Total Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
	104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
		(1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2024

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	H.B. Fuller Company
Dated: June 27, 2024		/s/ John J. Corkrean
		John J. Corkrean
		Executive Vice President,
		Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit Index

Exhibits

	10.1	Refinancing and Incremental Amendment dated March 4, 2024, among H.B. Fuller Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the various other parties named thereto(1)
	31.1	Form of 302 Certification - Celeste B. Mastin
	31.2	Form of 302 Certification - John J. Corkrean
	32.1	Form of 906 Certification - Celeste B. Mastin
	32.2	Form of 906 Certification - John J. Corkrean
	101	The following materials from the H.B. Fuller Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 1, 2024 formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (Inline XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Total Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
	104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
		(1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2024