businesses so their stocks may lack the dividends that can cushion share prices in a down market. In addition, the value of growth stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the value of other stocks, because growth stocks trade at higher prices relative to current earnings.
Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible security values may be affected by market interest rates, issuer defaults and underlying common stock values; security values may fall if market interest rates rise and rise if market interest rates fall. Additionally, an issuer may have the right to buy back the securities at a time unfavorable to the Fund.
Preferred Stock Risk. Unlike common stock, preferred stock generally pays a fixed dividend from a company's earnings and may have a preference over common stock on the distribution of a company's assets in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation. Preferred stockholders' liquidation rights are subordinate to the company's debt holders and creditors. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive and the price of preferred stocks may decline. Preferred stockholders typically do not have voting rights.
Income Producing Stock Availability Risk. Income producing common stock meeting the Fund's investment criteria may not be widely available and/or may be highly concentrated in only a few market sectors, thus limiting the ability of the Fund to produce current income while remaining fully diversified.
Large-Cap Companies Risk. Investing primarily in large-cap companies carries the risk that due to current market conditions these companies may be out of favor with investors. Large-cap companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges or attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Larger companies also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, particularly during extended periods of economic expansion.
Market Risk. The Fund's share price can fall because of weakness in the broad market, a particular industry, or specific holdings or due to adverse political or economic developments here or abroad, changes in investor psychology, or heavy institutional selling and other conditions or events (including, for example, military confrontations, war, terrorism, disease/virus, outbreaks and epidemics). The prices of individual securities may fluctuate, sometimes dramatically, from day to day. The
prices of stocks and other equity securities tend to be more volatile than those of fixed-income securities.
Mid-Cap Company Risk. Investing in mid-cap companies carries the risk that due to current market conditions these companies may be out of favor with investors. Stocks of mid-cap companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies due to, among other reasons, narrower product lines, more limited financial resources and fewer experienced managers.
Small-Cap Company Risk. Investing in small-cap companies carries the risk that due to current market conditions these companies may be out of favor with investors. Small companies often are in the early stages of development with limited product lines, markets, or financial resources and managements lacking depth and experience, which may cause their stock prices to be more volatile than those of larger companies. Small company stocks may be less liquid yet subject to abrupt or erratic price movements. It may take a substantial period of time before the Fund realizes a gain on an investment in a small-cap company, if it realizes any gain at all.
Foreign Investment Risk. Investment in foreign securities involves risks due to several factors, such as illiquidity, the lack of public information, changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, unfavorable political, social and legal developments, or economic and financial instability. Foreign companies are not subject to the U.S. accounting and financial reporting standards and may have riskier settlement procedures. U.S. investments that are denominated in foreign currencies or that are traded in foreign markets, or securities of U.S. companies that have significant foreign operations may be subject to foreign investment risk.
Depositary Receipts Risk.Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted. Depositary receipts may or may not be jointly sponsored by the underlying issuer. The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose information that is considered material in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding the issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts. Certain depositary receipts are not listed on an exchange and therefore may be considered to be illiquid securities.
Warrants and Rights Risk. Warrants and rights can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security. Warrants