Annual Report by Investment Company Form N CSR

ITEM 2. CODE OF ETHICS.

(a) Disclose whether, as of the end of the period covered by the report, the registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the registrant or a third party. If the registrant has not adopted such a code of ethics, explain why it has not done so.

The registrant has adopted, as of the end of the period covered by this report, a code of ethics that applies to the registrant's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller.

(b) For purposes of this Item, the term "code of ethics" means written standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:

(1) Honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;

(2) Full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the Commission and in other public communications made by the registrant;

(3) Compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules, and regulations;

(4) The prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the code; and

(5) Accountability for adherence to the code.

(c) The registrant must briefly describe the nature of any amendment, during the period covered by the report, to a provision of its code of ethics that applies to the registrant's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the registrant or a third party, and that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition enumerated in paragraph (b) of this Item. The registrant must file a copy of any such amendment as an exhibit pursuant to Item 19(a), unless the registrant has elected to satisfy paragraph (f) of this Item by posting its code of ethics on its website pursuant to paragraph (f)(2) of this Item, or by undertaking to provide its code of ethics to any person without charge, upon request, pursuant to paragraph (f)(3) of this Item.

The registrant has made no amendments to the code of ethics during the period covered by this report.

(d) If the registrant has, during the period covered by the report, granted a waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of the code of ethics to the registrant's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the registrant or a third party, that relates to one or more of the items set forth in paragraph (b) of this Item, the registrant must briefly describe the nature of the waiver, the name of the person to whom the waiver was granted, and the date of the waiver.

Not applicable.

(e) If the registrant intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement under paragraph (c) or (d) of this Item regarding an amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of its code of ethics that applies to the registrant's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition enumerated in paragraph (b) of this Item by posting such information on its Internet website, disclose the registrant's Internet address and such intention.

Not applicable.

(f) The registrant must:

(1) File with the Commission, pursuant to Item 19(a)(1), a copy of its code of ethics that applies to the registrant's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, as an exhibit to its annual report on this Form N-CSR(see attachment);

(2) Post the text of such code of ethics on its Internet website and disclose, in its most recent report on this Form N-CSR,its Internet address and the fact that it has posted such code of ethics on its Internet website; or

(3) Undertake in its most recent report on this Form N-CSRto provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of such code of ethics and explain the manner in which such request may be made. See Item 19(2)

ITEM 3. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.

(a)  (1)  Disclose that the registrant's Board of Trustees has determined that the registrant either:

(i) Has at least one audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee; or

(ii) Does not have an audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee.

The registrant's Board of Trustees has determined that the registrant has at least one audit committee financial expert.

(2) If the registrant provides the disclosure required by paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this Item, it must disclose the name of the audit committee financial expert and whether that person is "independent." In order to be considered "independent" for purposes of this Item, a member of an audit committee may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the Board of Trustees, or any other board committee:

(i) Accept directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the issuer; or

(ii) Be an "interested person" of the investment company as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-2(a)(19)).

Mr. Fred J. Ricciardi, an independent Trustee, is such an audit committee financial expert.

(3) If the registrant provides the disclosure required by paragraph (a)(1) (ii) of this Item, it must explain why it does not have an audit committee financial expert.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

(a) Disclose, under the caption AUDIT FEES, the aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the registrant's annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.

The audit fees for the Trust were $$22,800 billed by Deloitte & Touche LLP for the year ended July 31, 2024 and $22,807 billed by Ernst & Young LLP for the year ended July 31, 2023.

(b) Disclose, under the caption AUDIT-RELATED FEES, the aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the registrant's financial statements and are not reported under paragraph (a) of this Item. Registrants shall describe the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.

The audit-related services fees for the Trust were billed $0 by Deloitte & Touche LLP and $331 billed by Ernst & Young for the year ended July 31, 2024 and $2,030 billed by Ernst & Young LLP for the year ended July 31, 2023.

(c) Disclose, under the caption TAX FEES, the aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. Registrants shall describe the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.

The aggregate non-auditfees for the Trust were billed by Deloitte & Touche LLP for tax services of $9,200 and $9,155 by Ernst & Young LLP for during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(d) Disclose, under the caption ALL OTHER FEES, the aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for products and services provided by the principal accountant, other than the services reported in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Item. Registrants shall describe the nature of the services comprising the fees disclosed under this category.

There were no other fees in 2024 or 2023.

(e) (1) Disclose the audit committee's pre-approvalpolicies and procedures described in paragraph (c)(7) of Rule 2-01of Regulation S-X.

PIONEER FUNDS

APPROVAL OF AUDIT, AUDIT-RELATED, TAX AND OTHER SERVICES

PROVIDED BY THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

SECTION I - POLICY PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY

The Pioneer Funds recognize the importance of maintaining the independence of their outside auditors. Maintaining independence is a shared responsibility involving Amundi Asset Management US, Inc., the audit committee and the independent auditors.

The Funds recognize that a Fund's independent auditors: 1) possess knowledge of the Funds, 2) are able to incorporate certain services into the scope of the audit, thereby avoiding redundant work, cost and disruption of Fund personnel and processes, and 3) have expertise that has value to the Funds. As a result, there are situations where it is desirable to use the Fund's independent auditors for services in addition to the annual audit and where the potential for conflicts of interests are minimal. Consequently, this policy, which is intended to comply with Rule 210.2-01(C)(7),sets forth guidelines and procedures to be followed by the Funds when retaining the independent audit firm to perform audit, audit-related tax and other services under those circumstances, while also maintaining independence.

Approval of a service in accordance with this policy for a Fund shall also constitute approval for any other Fund whose pre-approvalis required pursuant to Rule 210.2-01(c)(7)(ii).

In addition to the procedures set forth in this policy, any non-auditservices that may be provided consistently with Rule 210.2-01may be approved by the Audit Committee itself and any pre-approvalthat may be waived in accordance with Rule 210.2-01(c)(7)(i)(C)is hereby waived.

Selection of a Fund's independent auditors and their compensation shall be determined by the Audit Committee and shall not be subject to this policy.

SECTION II - POLICY

SECTION III - POLICY DETAIL, CONTINUED

SECTION III - POLICY DETAIL, CONTINUED

SECTION III - POLICY DETAIL, CONTINUED

GENERAL AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL POLICY:

(2) Disclose the percentage of services described in each of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this Item that were approved by the audit committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01of Regulation S-X.

Non-AuditServices

Beginning with non-auditservice contracts entered into on or after May 6, 2003, the effective date of the new SEC pre-approvalrules, the Trust's audit committee is required to pre-approveservices to affiliates defined by SEC rules to the extent that the services are determined to have a direct impact on the operations or financial reporting of the Trust. For the years ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no services provided to an affiliate that required the Trust's audit committee pre-approval.

(f) If greater than 50 percent, disclose the percentage of hours expended on the principal accountants engagement to audit the registrant's financial statements for the most recent fiscal year that were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant's full-time, permanent employees.

N/A

(g) Disclose the aggregate non-auditfees billed by the registrants accountant for services rendered to the registrant, and rendered to the registrants investment adviser (not including any sub-adviserwhose role is primarily portfolio management and is subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser), and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant for each of the last two fiscal years of the registrant.

The aggregate non-auditfees for the Trust were billed by Deloitte & Touche LLP for tax services of $9,200 and $9,155 by Ernst & Young LLP for during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(h) Disclose whether the registrants audit committee of the Board of Trustees has considered whether the provision of non-auditservices that were rendered to the registrants investment adviser (not including any subadviser whose role is primarily portfolio management and is subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser), and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant that were not pre-approvedpursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01of Regulation S-Xis compatible with maintaining the principal accountant's independence.

The Fund's audit committee of the Board of Trustees has considered whether the provision of non-auditservices that were rendered to the Affiliates (as defined) that were not pre-approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01of Regulation S-Xis compatible with maintaining the principal accountant's independence.

(i) A registrant identified by the Commission pursuant to Section 104(i)(2)(A) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 7214(i)(2)(A)), as having retained, for the preparation of the audit report on its financial statements included in the Form NCSR, a registered public accounting firm that has a branch or office that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction must electronically submit to the Commission on a supplemental basis documentation that establishes that the registrant is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in the foreign jurisdiction. The registrant must submit this documentation on or before the due date for this form. A registrant that is owned or controlled by a foreign governmental entity is not required to submit such documentation.

N/A

(j) A registrant that is a foreign issuer, as defined in 17 CFR 240.3b-4,identified by the Commission pursuant to Section 104(i)(2)(A) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 7214(i)(2)(A)), as having retained, for the preparation of the audit report on its financial statements included in the Form N-CSR,a registered public accounting firm that has a branch or office that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction, for each year in which the registrant is so identified, must provide the below disclosures. Also, any such identified foreign issuer that uses a variable-interest entity or any similar structure that results in additional foreign entities being consolidated in the financial statements of the registrant is required to provide the below disclosures for itself and its consolidated foreign operating entity or entities. A registrant must disclose:

(1) That, for the immediately preceding annual financial statement period, a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely, because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction, issued an audit report for the registrant;

N/A

(2) The percentage of shares of the registrant owned by governmental entities in the foreign jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated or otherwise organized;

N/A

(3) Whether governmental entities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction with respect to that registered public accounting firm have a controlling financial interest with respect to the registrant; N/A

(4) The name of each official of the Chinese Communist Party who is a member of the board of directors of the registrant or the operating entity with respect to the registrant;

N/A

(5) Whether the articles of incorporation of the registrant (or equivalent organizing document) contains any charter of the Chinese Communist Party, including the text of any such charter.

N/A

ITEM 5. AUDIT COMMITTEE OF LISTED REGISTRANTS

(a) If the registrant is a listed issuer as defined in Rule 10A-3under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10A-3),state whether or not the registrant has a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(58)(A)). If the registrant has such a committee, however designated, identify each committee member. If the entire board of directors is acting as the registrant's audit committee as specified in Section 3(a)(58)(B) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(58)(B)), so state.

N/A

(b) If applicable, provide the disclosure required by Rule 10A-3(d)under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10A-3(d))regarding an exemption from the listing standards for audit committees.

N/A

ITEM 6. SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS.

File Schedule of Investments in securities of unaffiliated issuers as of the close of the reporting period as set forth in 210.1212 of Regulation S-X[17 CFR 210.12-12],unless the schedule is included as part of the report to shareholders filed under Item 1 of this Form.

Included in Item 7

ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FOR OPEN-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Include Table of Contents

ITEM 8. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS FOR OPEN-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

Included in Item 1

ITEM 9. DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR OPEN-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES. (Unaudited)

Introduction

This Proxy Voting policy and the procedures set forth below are designed to complement Amundi US' investment policies and procedures regarding its general responsibility to monitor the performance and/or corporate events of companies that are issuers of securities held in accounts managed by Amundi US. This policy sets forth Amundi US' position on a number of issues for which proxies may be solicited but it does not include all potential voting scenarios or proxy events. Furthermore, because of the special issues associated with proxy solicitations by closed-endFunds, Amundi US will vote shares of closed-endFunds on a case- by-casebasis.

Purpose

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that proxies for United States ("US") and non-UScompanies that are received in a timely manner will be voted in accordance with the principles stated above. Unless the Proxy Voting Oversight Group (as described below) specifically determines otherwise, all shares in a company held by Amundi US-managedaccounts for which Amundi US has proxy-voting authority will be voted alike, unless a client has given specific voting instructions on an issue.

Scope

Amundi US does not delegate the authority to vote proxies relating to securities held by its clients to any of its affiliates. Any questions about this policy should be directed to Amundi US' Chief of Staff U.S. Investments (the "Proxy Coordinator").

Oversight and Governance

Administration

The development, implementation, and management, to this Policy is the responsibility of the Policy Contact, in conjunction with the Policy Owner and relevant stakeholders.

Policy Exceptions

Temporary deviation from the requirements of this Policy is deemed an Exception. Exceptions are expected to be infrequent but may be justified to address and/or resolve specific internal business needs. Exceptions are to be raised to the Policy Owner for approval.

Policy Requirements

Roles and Responsibility

The below table outlines the roles and responsibilities applicable to this policy:

Policy

Each of the Pioneer Funds and certain other clients of Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. ("Amundi US") have delegated responsibility to vote proxies related to portfolio holdings to Amundi US. Amundi US is a fiduciary that owes each of its clients the duties of care and loyalty with respect to all services undertaken on the client's behalf, including voting proxies for securities held by the client. When Amundi US has been delegated proxy-voting authority for a client, the duty of care requires Amundi US to monitor corporate events and to vote the proxies. To satisfy its duty of loyalty, Amundi US must place the client's interests ahead of its own and must cast proxy votes in a manner consistent with the best interest of the client. It is Amundi US' policy to vote proxies presented to Amundi US in a timely manner in accordance with these principles.

Amundi US' fundamental concern in voting proxies is the economic effect of the proposal on the value of portfolio holdings, considering both the short- and long-term impact. In many instances, Amundi US believes that supporting the company's strategy and voting "for" management's proposals builds portfolio value. In other cases, however, proposals set forth by management may have a negative effect on that value, while some shareholder proposals may hold the best prospects for enhancing it. Amundi US monitors developments in the proxy voting arena and will revise this policy as needed.

Amundi US believes that environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors can affect companies' long-term prospects for success and the sustainability of their business models. Since ESG factors that may affect corporate performance and economic value are considered by our investment professionals as part of the investment management process, Amundi US also considers these factors when reviewing proxy proposals. This approach is consistent with the stated investment objectives and policies of funds and investment strategies.

It should be noted that the proxy voting guidelines below are guidelines, not rules, and Amundi US reserves the right in all cases to vote contrary to guidelines where doing so is determined to represent the best economic interests of our clients. Further, the Pioneer Funds or other clients of Amundi US may direct Amundi US to vote contrary to guidelines.

Amundi US' clients may request copies of their proxy voting records and of Amundi US' proxy voting policies and procedures by either sending a written request to Amundi US' Proxy Coordinator, or clients may review Amundi US' proxy voting policies and procedures on-lineat amundi.com/usinvestors. Amundi US may describe to clients its proxy voting policies and procedures by delivering a copy of Amundi US' Form ADV (Part II), by separate notice to the client or by other means.

Procedures

Proxy Voting Service

Amundi US has engaged an independent proxy voting service to assist in the voting of proxies. The proxy voting service works with custodians to ensure that all proxy materials are received by the custodians and are processed in a timely fashion. The proxy voting service votes all proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines established by Amundi US and set forth herein, to the extent applicable. The proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Coordinator (described below) for instructions under circumstances where: (1) the application of the proxy voting guidelines is unclear; (2) a particular proxy question is not covered by the guidelines; or (3) the guidelines call for specific instructions on a case-by-casebasis. The proxy voting service is also requested to call to the Proxy Coordinator's attention specific proxy questions that, while governed by a guideline, appear to involve unusual or controversial issues. Amundi US reserves the right to attend a meeting in person and may do so when it determines that the company or the matters to be voted on at the meeting are strategically important to its clients.

To supplement its own research and analysis in determining how to vote on a particular proxy proposal, Amundi US may utilize research, analysis or recommendations provided by the proxy voting service on a case-by-casebasis. Amundi US does not, as a policy, follow the assessments or recommendations provided by the proxy voting service without its own analysis and determination.

Proxy Coordinator

The Proxy Coordinator coordinates the voting, procedures and reporting of proxies on behalf of Amundi US' clients. The Proxy Coordinator will deal directly with the proxy voting service and, in the case of proxy questions referred by the proxy voting service, will solicit voting recommendations and instructions from the Portfolio Management Group, or, to the extent applicable, investment sub-advisers.The Proxy Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that these questions and referrals are responded to in a timely fashion and for transmitting appropriate voting instructions to the proxy voting service. The Proxy Coordinator is responsible for verifying with the General Counsel or his or her designee whether Amundi US' voting power is subject to any limitations or guidelines issued by the client (or in the case of an employee benefit plan, the plan's trustee or other fiduciaries).

Referral Items

The proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Coordinator or his or her designee that are described by Amundi US' proxy voting guidelines as to be voted on a case- by-casebasis, that are not covered by Amundi US' guidelines or where Amundi US' guidelines may be unclear with respect to the matter to be voted on. Under such circumstances, the Proxy Coordinator will seek a written voting recommendation from the Chief Investment Officer, U.S or his or her designated equity portfolio-management representative. Any such recommendation will include: (i) the manner in which the proxies should be voted; (ii) the rationale underlying any such decision; and (iii) the disclosure of any contacts or communications made between Amundi US and any outside parties concerning the proxy proposal prior to the time that the voting instructions are provided.

Securities Lending

In accordance with industry standards, proxies are not available to be voted when the shares are out on loan through either Amundi US' lending program or a client's managed security lending program. However, Amundi US will reserve the right to recall lent securities so that they may be voted according to Amundi US' instructions. If a portfolio manager would like to vote a block of previously lent shares, the Proxy Coordinator will work with the portfolio manager and Investment Operations to recall the security, to the extent possible, to facilitate the vote on the entire block of shares. Certain clients participate in securities lending programs. Although such programs allow for the recall of securities for any reason, Amundi US may determine not to vote securities on loan and it may not always be possible for securities on loan to be recalled in time to be voted.

Share-Blocking

"Share-blocking" is a market practice whereby shares are sent to a custodian (which may be different than the account custodian) for record keeping and voting at the general meeting. The shares are unavailable for sale or delivery until the end of the blocking period (typically the day after general meeting date).

Amundi US will vote in those countries with "share-blocking." In the event a manager would like to sell a security with "share-blocking", the Proxy Coordinator will work with the Portfolio Manager and Investment Operations Department to recall the shares (as allowable within the market time-frame and practices) and/or communicate with executing brokerage firm. A list of countries with "share-blocking" is available from the Investment Operations Department upon request.

Proxy Voting Oversight Group

The members of the Proxy Voting Oversight Group include Amundi US' Chief Investment Officer, U.S. or his or her designated equity portfolio management representative, the Chief of Staff, U.S., and the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser and Funds. Other members of Amundi US will be invited to attend meetings and otherwise participate as necessary. The Chief of Staff, U.S. will chair the Proxy Voting Oversight Group.

The Proxy Voting Oversight Group is responsible for developing, evaluating, and changing (when necessary) Amundi US' proxy voting policies and procedures. The Group meets at least annually to evaluate and review this policy and the services of its third-party proxy voting service. In addition, the Proxy Voting Oversight Group will meet as necessary to vote on referral items and address other business as necessary.

Amendments

Amundi US may not amend this policy without the prior approval of the Proxy Voting Oversight Group. Amendments to this policy with respect to votes to be cast on behalf of any of the Pioneer Funds also shall be presented to the Board of Trustees of the Pioneer Funds for its review and advance approval.

Form N-PX

The Proxy Coordinator and the Director of Regulatory Reporting are responsible for ensuring that Form NP-Xdocuments receive the proper review by a member of the Proxy Voting Oversight Group prior to a Fund officer signing the forms.

The Proxy Coordinator will provide the Compliance department with a copy of each Form N-PXfiling prepared by the proxy voting service.

Compliance files N-PX.The Compliance department will ensure that a corresponding Form N-PX exists for each Amundi US registered investment company.

Following this review, each Form N-PXis formatted for public dissemination via the EDGAR system.

Prior to submission, each Form N-PXis to be presented to the Fund officer for a final review and signature.

Copies of the Form N-PXfilings and their submission receipts are maintained according to Amundi US record keeping policies.

Proxy Voting Guidelines

Administrative

While administrative items appear infrequently in U.S. issuer proxies, they are quite common in non-U.S.proxies.

We will generally support these and similar management proposals:

Amundi US will vote on a case-by-casebasis on other routine administrative items; however, Amundi US will oppose any routine proposal if insufficient information is presented in advance to allow Amundi US to judge the merit of the proposal. Amundi US has also instructed its proxy voting service to inform Amundi US of its analysis of any administrative items that may be inconsistent, in its view, with Amundi US' goal of supporting the value of its clients' portfolio holdings so that Amundi US may consider and vote on those items on a case-by-casebasis in its discretion.

Auditors

We normally vote for proposals to:

We will normally oppose proposals that require companies to:

Board of Directors

On issues related to the board of directors, Amundi US normally supports management. We will, however, consider a vote against management in instances where corporate performance has been poor or where the board appears to lack independence.We also believe that a well balanced board with diverse perspectives is conducive to sound corporate governance. In our view, diversity of expertise, skill, gender, ethnicity, and race may contribute to the overall quality of decision making and risk management.

General Board Issues

Amundi US will vote for:

We will vote against:

We will vote on a case-bycase basis on these issues:

Elections of Directors

In uncontested elections of directors we will vote against:

We will also vote against:

We will vote on a case-bycase basis on these issues:

We will vote for:

Takeover-Related Measures

Amundi US is generally opposed to proposals that may discourage takeover attempts. We believe that the potential for a takeover helps ensure that corporate performance remains high.

Amundi US will vote for:

We will vote on a case-by-casebasis on the following issues:

We will vote against:

12

Capital Structure

Managements need considerable flexibility in determining the company's financial structure, and Amundi US normally supports managements' proposals in this area. We will, however, reject proposals that impose high barriers to potential takeovers.

Amundi US will vote for:

We will vote on a case-by-casebasis on the following issues:

We will vote against preemptive rights that we believe limit a company's financing flexibility.

Compensation

Amundi US supports compensation plans that link pay to shareholder returns and believes that management has the best understanding of the level of compensation needed to attract and retain qualified people. At the same time, stock-related compensation plans have a significant economic impact and a direct effect on the balance sheet. Therefore, while we do not want to micromanage a company's compensation programs, we place limits on the potential dilution these plans may impose.

Amundi US will vote for:

We will vote on a case-by-casebasis on the following issues:

Dilution = (A + B + C) / (A + B + C + D), where

A = Shares reserved for plan/amendment,

B = Shares available under continuing plans,

C = Shares granted but unexercised and

D = Shares outstanding.

We will vote against:

We will vote on a case-bycase basis on these issues:

Corporate Governance

Amundi US will vote for:

We will vote on a case-by-casebasis on the following issues:

We will vote against:

Mergers and Restructurings

Amundi US will vote on the following and similar issues on a case-by-casebasis:

We will normally vote against shareholder proposals requiring that the company be put up for sale.

Investment Companies

Many of our portfolios may invest in shares of closed-endfunds or open-endfunds (including exchange-traded funds). The non-corporatestructure of these investments raises several unique proxy voting issues.

Amundi US will vote for:

Amundi US will vote on a case-by-casebasis on:

In general, business development companies (BDCs) are not considered investment companies for these purposes but are treated as corporate issuers.

Environmental and Social Issues

Amundi US believes that environmental and social issues may influence corporate performance and economic return. Indeed, by analyzing all of a company's risks and opportunities, Amundi US can better assess its intrinsic value and long-term economic prospects.

When evaluating proxy proposals relating to environmental or social issues, decisions are made on a case-by-casebasis. We consider each of these proposals based on the impact to the company's shareholders and economic return, the specific circumstances at each individual company, any potentially adverse economic concerns, and the current policies and practices of the company.

For example, shareholder proposals relating to environmental and social issues, and on which we will vote on a base-by-casebasis, may include those seeking that a company:

In general, Amundi US believes these issues are important and should receive management attention.

Amundi US will support proposals where we believe the proposal, if implemented, would improve the prospects for the long-term success of the business and would provide value to the company and its shareholders. Amundi US may abstain on shareholder proposals with regard to environmental and social issues in cases where we believe the proposal, if implemented, would not be in the economic interests of the company, or where implementing the proposal would constrain management flexibility or would be unduly difficult, burdensome or costly.

When evaluating proxy proposals relating to environmental or social issues, Amundi US may consider the following factors or other factors deemed relevant, given such weight as deemed appropriate:

In the event of failures in risk management relating to environmental and social issues, Amundi US may vote against the election of directors responsible for overseeing those areas. Issues of special concern to Amundi US include corporate commitments to mitigating climate effects; achieving a diverse board of directors and employee base; And maintaining sound and safe working conditions, equitable compensation practices, and opportunities for career advancement. Amundi US will vote against proposals calling for substantial changes in the company's business or activities. We will also normally vote against proposals with regard to contributions, believing that management should control the routine disbursement of funds. In each case, fundamental consideration governing votes cast on behalf of any of the Pioneer Funds in these areas is Amundi US' assessment of the potential impact on shareholder value.

Conflicts of Interest

Amundi US recognizes that in certain circumstances a conflict of interest may arise when Amundi US votes a proxy.

A conflict of interest occurs when Amundi US' interests interfere, or appear to interfere, with the interests of Amundi US' clients.

A conflict may be actual or perceived and may exist, for example, when the matter to be voted on concerns:

Any member of the Proxy Voting Oversight Group and any other associate involved in the proxy voting process with knowledge of any apparent or actual conflict of interest must disclose such conflict to the Proxy Coordinator and the Chief Compliance Officer of Amundi US and the Funds. If any associate is lobbied or pressured with respect to any voting decision, whether within or outside of Amundi US, he or she should contact a member of the Proxy Voting Oversight Group or Amundi US' Chief Compliance Officer.

The Proxy Voting Oversight Group will review each item referred to Amundi US by the proxy voting service to determine whether an actual or potential conflict of interest exists in connection with the proposal(s) to be voted upon. The review will be conducted by comparing the apparent parties affected by the proxy proposal being voted upon against the Controller's and Compliance Department's internal list of interested persons and, for any matches found, evaluating the anticipated magnitude and possible probability of any conflict of interest being present. The Proxy Voting Oversight Group may cause any of the following actions to be taken when a conflict of interest is present:

If the Proxy Voting Oversight Group perceives a material conflict of interest, the Group may also choose to disclose the conflict to the affected clients and solicit their consent to proceed with the vote or their direction (including through a client's fiduciary or other adviser), or may take such other action in good faith (in consultation with counsel) that would protect the interests of clients.

For each referral item, the determination regarding the presence or absence of any actual or potential conflict of interest will be documented in a Conflicts of Interest Report prepared by the Proxy Coordinator.

The Proxy Voting Oversight Group will review periodically the independence of the proxy voting service. This may include a review of the service's conflict management procedures and other documentation and an evaluation as to whether the service continues to have the competency and capacity to vote proxies.

Decisions Not to Vote Proxies

Although it is Amundi US' general policy to vote all proxies in accordance with the principles set forth in this policy, there may be situations in which the Proxy Voting Oversight Group does not vote a proxy referred to it. For example, because of the potential conflict of interest inherent in voting shares of a Credit Agricole Affiliate, Amundi US will abstain from voting the shares unless otherwise directed by a client. In such a case, the Proxy Coordinator will inform Amundi Compliance before exercising voting rights.

There exist other situations in which the Proxy Voting Oversight Group may refrain from voting a proxy. For example, if the cost of voting a foreign security outweighs the benefit of voting, the Group may not vote the proxy. The Group may not be given enough time to process a vote, perhaps because its receives a meeting notice too late or it cannot obtain a translation of the agenda in the time available. If Amundi US has outstanding "sell" orders, the proxies for shares subject to the order may not be voted to facilitate the sale. Although Amundi US may hold shares on a company's record date, if the shares are sold prior to the meeting date the Group may decide not to vote those shares.

Recordkeeping

The Proxy Coordinator shall ensure that Amundi US' proxy voting service:

The Proxy Coordinator shall ensure that for those votes that may require additional documentation (i.e. conflicts of interest, exception votes and case-by-casevotes) the following records are maintained:

Amundi US shall maintain the above records in the client's file in accordance with applicable regulations.

Copies of this policy, and copies of records related to this policy shall be kept in accordance with Amundi US' Books and Records Policy. This policy and procedure shall be periodically reviewed and updated consistent with the requirements and standards established by Amundi US.

Escalation and Management Reporting

Escalation

It is each associate's responsibility to contact his or her business unit head, the Proxy Coordinator, a member of the Proxy Voting Oversight Group or Amundi US' Chief Compliance Officer if he or she becomes aware of any possible noncompliance with this policy.

Management Reporting

Reporting is done to senior leadership on an as needed basis.

Training

Amundi US will conduct periodic training regarding proxy voting and this policy. It is the responsibility of the business line policy owner and the applicable Compliance Department to coordinate and conduct such training.

Review and Approval

Review

This Policy must be reviewed and validated annually (12-months)by the Policy Contact or designee, in conjunction with the Policy Owner and relevant stakeholders.

Approval

Material Updates to this Policy must be approved by the Pioneer Funds' Board of Trustees and/or US Compliance Committee, as necessary.

Related regulations

Item 10. REMUNERATION PAID TO DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND OTHERS OF OPEN-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES. (Unaudited)

Each Board Member also serves as a Board Member of other Funds in the Pioneer Family of Funds complex. Annual retainer fees and attendance fees are allocated to each Fund based on net assets. Trustees' fees paid by the Fund are within Item 7. Statement of Operations as Trustees' fees and expenses.

Item 11. STATEMENT REGARDING BASIS FOR APPROVAL OF INVESMENT ADVISORY CONTRACT. (Unaudited)

N/A

ITEM 12. DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES. (Unaudited)

A closed-endmanagement investment company that is filing an annual report on this Form N-CSRmust, unless it invests exclusively in non-votingsecurities, describe the policies and procedures that it uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the company uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of its shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the company's investment adviser; principal underwriter; or any affiliated person (as defined in Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-2(a)(3))and the rules thereunder) of the company, its investment adviser, or its principal underwriter, on the other. Include any policies and procedures of the company's investment adviser, or any other third party, that the company uses, or that are used on the company's behalf, to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities.

Not applicable to open-endmanagement investment companies.

ITEM 13. PORTFOLIO MANAGERS OF CLOSED-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

(a) If the registrant is a closed-endmanagement investment company that is filing an annual report on this Form N-CSR,provide the following information:

(1) State the name, title, and length of service of the person or persons employed by or associated with the registrant or an investment adviser of the registrant who are primarily responsible for the day-to-daymanagement of the registrant's portfolio ("Portfolio Manager"). Also state each Portfolio Manager's business experience during the past 5 years.

Not applicable to open-endmanagement investment companies.

ITEM 14. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY CLOSED-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.

(a) If the registrant is a closed-endmanagement investment company, in the following tabular format, provide the information specified in paragraph (b) of this Item with respect to any purchase made by or on behalf of the registrant or any affiliated purchaser, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3)under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.10b-18(a)(3)),of shares or other units of any class of the registrant's equity securities that is registered by the registrant pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 781).

Not applicable to open-endmanagement investment companies.

ITEM 15. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

Describe any material changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the registrant's board of directors, where those changes were implemented after the registrant last provided disclosure in response to the requirements of Item 407(c)(2)(iv) of Regulation S-R(17 CFR 229.407)(as required by Item 22(b)(15)) of Schedule 14A (17 CFR 240.14a-101),or this Item.

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which the shareholders may recommend nominees to the registrant's board of directors since the registrant last provided disclosure in response to the requirements of Item 407(c)(2)(iv) of Regulation S-Rof Schedule 14(A) in its definitive proxy statement, or this item.

ITEM 16. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

(a) Disclose the conclusions of the registrant's principal executive and principal financials officers, or persons performing similar functions, regarding the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c)under the Act (17 CFR 270.30a-3(c)))as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of the report that includes the disclosure required by this paragraph, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b)under the Act (17 CFR 270.30(a)-3(b)and Rules 13a-15(b)or 15d-15(b)under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13a-15(b)or 240.15d-15(b)).

The registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures are effective based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report.

(b) Disclose any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d)under the Act (17CFR 270.30a-3(d))that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

There were no significant changes in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Item 17. DISCLOSURE OF SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITIES FOR CLOSED-ENDMANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

(a) If the registrant is a closed-endmanagement investment company, provide the following dollar amounts of income and compensation related to the securities lending activities of the registrant during its most recent fiscal year:

N/A

(1) Gross income from securities lending activities;

N/A

(2) All fees and/or compensation for each of the following securities lending activities and related services: any share of revenue generated by the securities lending program paid to the securities lending agent(s) (revenue split); fees paid for cash collateral management services (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split; administrative fees that are not included in the revenue split; fees for indemnification that are not included in the revenue split; rebates paid to borrowers; and any other fees relating to the securities lending program that are not included in the revenue split, including a description of those other fees;

N/A

(3) The aggregate fees/compensation disclosed pursuant to paragraph (2); and

N/A

(4) Net income from securities lending activities (i.e., the dollar amount in paragraph (1) minus the dollar amount in paragraph (3)).

If a fee for a service is included in the revenue split, state that the fee is included in the revenue split.

N/A

(b) If the registrant is a closed-endmanagement investment company, describe the services provided to the registrant by the securities lending agent in the registrants most recent fiscal year.

N/A

Item 18. RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION.

N/A

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.

(a) File the exhibits listed below as part of this Form. Letter or number the exhibits in the sequence indicated.

(1) Any code of ethics, or amendment thereto, that is the subject of the disclosure required by Item 2, to the extent that the registrant intends to satisfy the Item 2 requirements through filing of an exhibit.

(2) A separate certification for each principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Act (17 CFR 270.30a-2(a)) , exactly as set forth below:

Filed herewith.

(b) Certifications pursuant to Rule 30a-2(b) under the 1940 Act and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are attached hereto.

(3) Not applicable.

(4) Registrant's Independent Public Accountant, attached as Exhibit 99.ACCT.

SIGNATURES

[See General Instruction F]

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.