Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences" in the accompanyingproduct
supplement no. 4-I. The following discussion, whenread incombination withthat section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax
counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal incometax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Basedon current market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counselit is reasonable to treat the notes as "open transactions"
that are not debt instrumentsfor U.S. federal income tax purposes, asmorefully described in "Material U.S. FederalIncome Tax
Consequences- Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders-Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments" in the
accompanying product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, the gainor loss on your notes should be treated aslong-
termcapitalgain or loss if you hold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you arean initial purchaser of notes at the issue
price. However, the IRS or a court may not respect this treatment, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the
notes could be materiallyand adversely affected. Inaddition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on
the U.S. federal income taxtreatment of "prepaid forward contracts" and similar instruments.Thenotice focuses in particular on
whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a
number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as
the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including anymandated
accruals) realizedbynon-U.S. investors shouldbe subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject
to the "constructive ownership" regime, which very generallycan operate to recharacterize certain long-termcapital gainas ordinary
income and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requestscomments onappropriate transition rules and effective dates,
any Treasury regulations or other guidancepromulgated after consideration of these issues couldmateriallyand adversely affect the
taxconsequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactiveeffect. You should consult your taxadviser regarding the
U.S. federal incometax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented
by thisnotice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulationspromulgated thereunder ("Section 871(m)") generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalentspaid or deemedpaid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instrumentslinked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in theapplicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes fromthe scope of Section871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income taxpurposes (each an "Underlying Security"). Based on certain determinationsmade by us, our special taxcounselisof the
opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders.Our determination is not binding on the
IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination.Section 871(m) is complex and itsapplication may depend on your particular
circumstances, including whether you enter intoother transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. You should consult your tax
adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to thesum of thevalues of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component withthe same maturityasthe notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlyingthe economic terms of the notes. The estimated valueof the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondarymarket (if anyexists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instrumentsof a similar maturity issued by JPMorganChase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
maybe based on, among other things, our and our affiliates'view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoingliability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instrumentsof JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximatetheprevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see "Selected Risk Considerations-Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes- The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived byReference to anInternal Funding Rate" in this
pricing supplement.
The value of thederivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing modelsof our
affiliates. These modelsare dependent on inputssuch as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instrumentsand on
various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other