Non-U.S. Holders - Tax Considerations. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of Contingent Interest Payments is uncertain, and
although we believe it is reasonable to take a position that Contingent Interest Payments are not subject to U.S. withholding tax (at
least if an applicable Form W-8 is provided), it is expected that withholding agents will (and we, if we are the withholding agent, intend
to) withhold on any Contingent Interest Payment paid to a Non-U.S. Holder generally at a rate of 30% or at a reduced rate specified by
an applicable income tax treaty under an "other income" or similar provision. We will not be required to pay any additional amounts with
respect to amounts withheld. In order to claim an exemption from, or a reduction in, the 30% withholding tax, a Non-U.S. Holder of the
notes must comply with certification requirements to establish that it is not a U.S. person and is eligible for such an exemption or
reduction under an applicable tax treaty. If you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment
of the notes, including the possibility of obtaining a refund of any withholding tax and the certification requirement described above.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder ("Section 871(m)") generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an "Underlying Security"). Based on certain determinations made by us, our special tax counsel is of the
opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS,
and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular
circumstances, including whether you enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. You should consult your tax
adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
In the event of any withholding on the notes, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the notes
does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any
time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may be
based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational
and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of
JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect,
and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and
any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes.
For additional information, see "Selected Risk Considerations - The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an
Internal Funding Rate" in this pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various
other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors, as
well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when
the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others' estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes is lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring
and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions paid to JPMS
and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in
hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. Because hedging our
obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that is more or
less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our obligations under the notes may be
allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain any remaining hedging profits. See
"Selected Risk Considerations - The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the
Notes" in this pricing supplement.