Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending September 30, 2024 (Form 10-Q)

cnet20240930_10q.htm

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PAGE
Item 1. Interim Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023	1-2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Nine and Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	3-4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	5-6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Nine and Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	7-8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9-28
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29-40
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	41
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1A. Risk Factors	41
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	41
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	41
Item 5. Other Information	41
Item 6. Exhibits	42
Signatures	43

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Interim Financial Statements

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the "PCAOB") had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections over our auditor deprived our investors of the benefits of such inspections.

Our auditor, ARK Pro CPA & Co. ("ARK"), the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report in our SEC filings, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States, pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is located in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC ("Hong Kong"), China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was unable to conduct inspections and investigations before 2022. As a result, we and investors in our securities were deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong in 2022. However, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in Hong Kong in the past made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm's audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China mainland and Hong Kong that have been subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our securities to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

Our common stock may be delisted and prohibited from trading in the United States under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, as amended by the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China mainland and Hong Kong. The delisting of our common stock or the threat of their being delisted could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or be worthless, and thus you could lose all or substantial portion of your investment.

On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was signed into law that states if the SEC determines that issuers have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit its common stock from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the U.S. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded over-the-counter if the auditor of the registrant's financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspection for two consecutive years, instead of three consecutive years as enacted in the HFCAA. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments implementing the disclosure and submission requirements of the HFCAA, pursuant to which the SEC will identify an issuer as a "Commission-Identified Issuer" if the issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and will then impose a trading prohibition on an issuer after it is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years. On December 29, 2022, the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was signed into law.

On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a HFCAA Determination Report (the "2021 PCAOB Determinations") to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong because of positions taken by the Chinese authorities, and our auditor was subject to this determination. On May 13, 2022, the SEC conclusively identified us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol on agreement governing on inspections of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, with China Securities Regulatory Commission ("CSRC") and Ministry of Finance ("MOF") of the PRC, in regarding to governing inspections and investigations of audit firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong (the "Agreement"). As stated in the Agreement, the Chinese authorities committed that the PCAOB has direct access to view complete audit work papers under its inspections or investigations and has sole discretion to the selected audit firms and audit engagements. The Agreement opens access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate the registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely. The PCAOB then thoroughly tested compliance with every aspect of the Agreement necessary to determine complete access. This included sending a team of PCAOB staff to conduct on-site inspections and investigations in Hong Kong over a nine-week period from September to November 2022.

On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued its 2022 HFCAA Determination Report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its 2021 PCAOB Determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong. For this reason, we do not expect to be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor's control.

The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access in China mainland and Hong Kong moving forward and is already making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB does not have to wait another year to reassess its determinations. Should the PRC authorities obstruct the PCAOB's access to inspect or investigate completely in any way and at any point, the PCAOB will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations consistent with the HFCAA.

We cannot assure you that our auditor will not be determined as a register public accounting firm that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely for two consecutive years because of positions taken by the Chinese authorities and/or any other causes in the future. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If the PCAOB in the future again determines that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in China mainland and Hong Kong, we may be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer accordingly. If this happens, Nasdaq may determine to delist our common stock, and there is no certainty that we will be able to continue listing our common stock on other non-U.S. stock exchanges or that an active market for our common stock will immediately develop outside of the U.S. The prohibiting from trading in the United States or delisting of our common stock or the threat of their being delisted could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or be worthless, and thus you could lose all or substantial portion of your investment.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for number of shares and per share data)

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except for number of shares and per share data)

* Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company's general assets (Note 2).

**Retrospectively restated for effect of the 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 30, 2024, see Note 4(g).

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except for number of shares and per share data)

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS（CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except for number of shares and per share data)

**Retrospectively restated for effect of the 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 30, 2024, see Note 4(g).

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE NINE AND THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands, except for number of shares)

*Retrospectively restated for effect of the 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 30, 2024, see Note 4(g).

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE NINE AND THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

(In thousands, except for number of shares)

**Retrospectively restated for effect of the 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 30, 2024 and the 1-for-5 reverse stock split January 18, 2023, see Note 4(g).

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1.	Organization and nature of operations

ZW Data Action Technologies Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Texas in April 2006 and re-domiciled to become a Nevada corporation in October 2006. On June 26, 2009, the Company consummated a share exchange transaction with China Net Online Media Group Limited (the "Share Exchange"), a company organized under the laws of British Virgin Islands ("China Net BVI"). As a result of the Share Exchange, China Net BVI became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the Company is now a holding company, which, through certain contractual arrangements with operating companies in the People's Republic of China (the "PRC"), is engaged in providing Internet advertising, precision marketing, e-commerce online to offline (O2O) advertising and marketing services as well as the related data and technical services to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the PRC. The Company also develops blockchain enabled web/mobile applications and provides software solutions, i.e., Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") services for clients.

2.	Variable interest entities

The Company is not an operating company in China, but a Nevada holding company with no equity ownership in the VIEs. The Company primarily conducts its operations in China through its PRC subsidiaries, the VIEs, with which the Company has entered into contractual arrangements, and their subsidiaries in China. Summarized below is the information related to the VIEs' assets and liabilities reported in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively:

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	82			$	367
Accounts receivable, net			279				844
Prepayment and deposit to suppliers			1,971				2,005
Other current assets, net			-				2
Total current assets			2,332				3,218
Property and equipment, net			97				139
Deferred tax assets, net			410				401
Total Assets		$	2,839			$	3,758
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		$	230			$	201
Advance from customers			700				843
Accrued payroll and other accruals			18				37
Taxes payable			2,586				2,555
Lease payment liability related to short-term leases			101				99
Other current liabilities			506				56
Total current liabilities			4,141				3,791
Total Liabilities		$	4,141			$	3,791

Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company's general assets.

Summarized below is the information related to the financial performance of the VIEs reported in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenues		$	9,740			$	25,098			$	539			$	9,157
Cost of revenues			(9,674	)			(25,023	)			(543	)			(8,975	)
Total operating expenses			(1,204	)			(1,179	)			(92	)			(436	)
Net loss			(1,167	)			(1,326	)			(100	)			(259	)

3.	Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company incurred operating losses and may continue to incur operating losses, and as a result, to generate negative cash flows as the Company implements its future business plan. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred a loss from operations of US$3.22 million and a net operating cash outflow of US$1.23 million. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of US$1.12 million and working capital of US$3.88 million, compared with approximately US$0.82 million and US$4.11 million as of December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company plans to optimize its internet resources cost investment strategy to improve the gross profit margin of its core business and to further strengthen the accounts receivables collection management and negotiate more favorable payment terms with major suppliers, all of which will contribute to substantially increase the cashflows from operations. To further improve liquidity, the Company also plans to reduce operating costs through optimizing staffing across various offices and, if needed, downsizing office leasing spaces. Beginning in early 2022, the Company introduced its SaaS services to customers. The Company's SaaS services are provided based on technologies of its self-developed Blockchain Integrated Framework ("BIF") platform. The BIF platform enables the Company's clients to utilize the BIF platform as an enterprise management software to record, share and storage operating data on-chain, and/or to generate unique designed Non-fungible Token ("NFTs") for their IPs and certificates. While the revenues from the new SaaS services business and its profitability have not met the Company's expectations, the Company still expects these services to generate positive cash flow and improve liquidity since they rely on technologies of its self-developed software platform, thus reducing the need for substantial cash outflow to third-party service providers. Revenues from our new SaaS services business was US$0.75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

If the Company fails to achieve these goals, the Company may need additional financing to execute its business plan. If additional financing is required, the Company cannot predict whether this additional financing will be in the form of equity, debt, or another form, and the Company may not be able to obtain the necessary additional capital on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. In the event that financing sources are not available, or that the Company is unsuccessful in increasing its gross profit margin and reducing operating losses, the Company may be unable to implement its current plans for expansion, repay debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business over a reasonable period of time. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its uncertain ability to increase gross profit margin and reduce operating loss from its core business and/or obtain additional equity and/or debt financing. The accompanying financial statements as of September 30, 2024 do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. If the Company is unable to continue as a going concern, it may have to liquidate its assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on the financial statements.

4.	Summary of significant accounting policies

a)

Basis of presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information as of September 30, 2024 and for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in complete consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, previously filed with the SEC (the "2023 Form 10-K") on June 28, 2024.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company's condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2024, its condensed consolidated results of operations for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and its condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

b)

Principles of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of all the subsidiaries and VIEs of the Company. All transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.

c)

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, historical experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

d)

Foreign currency translation

The exchange rates used to translate amounts in Reminbi, the legal currency of mainland China ("RMB") into US$ for the purposes of preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements are as follows :

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts			7.0074				7.0827

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss			7.1092				7.0148

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss			7.1169				7.1649

No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be converted into US$ at the above rates.

e)

Current expected credit losses

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments". The amendments in this ASU require the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, which replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology. The Company, as a SEC smaller reporting company, has adopted the amendments in this ASU from January 1, 2023, using a modified retrospective transition method and did not restate the related accounts in the comparable period. Instead, the Company recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to increase the opening balance of its accumulated deficit on January 1, 2023 by US$0.19 million, of which US$0.04 million was related to the cumulative-effect adjustment to allowance for credit loss of accounts receivable, and the remaining US$0.15 million was related to the cumulative-effect adjustment to allowance for credit loss of other current assets, which primarily consisted of short-term loans the Company provided to unrelated parties.

The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the related financial assets. The allowance for credit losses is presented as a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of financial asset(s) to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset(s).

The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses, including the aging and aging trends, customer/other parties' creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers/other parties. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer/other party's ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing the financial assets on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when the Company identifies specific customers/other parties with known disputes or collectability issues. Accounts receivable and short-term loans to unrelated parties are written off after all collection efforts have ceased.

The following tables summarized the movements of the Company's credit losses for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Credit loss for accounts receivable:
Balance as of beginning of the period			3,987				3,760				4,657				3,715
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit losses (Topic 326)			-				36				-				-
Provision for/(reverse of) credit loss during the period			800				252				106				212
Written off during the period			-				-				-				-
Exchange translation adjustments			52				(105	)			76				16
Balance as of end of the period			4,839				3,943				4,839				3,943

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Credit loss for other current assets:
Balance as of beginning of the period			1,559				617				1,512				1,187
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit losses (Topic 326)			-				155				-				-
Provision for/(reverse of) credit loss during the period			(35	)			1,095				12				680
Written off during the period			-				-				-				-
Exchange translation adjustments			-				-				-				-
Balance as of end of the period			1,524				1,867				1,524				1,867

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

f)

Fair value measurement

Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

Fair value measurement at reporting date using

As of September 30, 2024

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)

Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

US$('000)

US$('000)

US$('000)

US$('000)

(Unaudited)

Warrant liabilities (Note 14)

-

-

-

-

Fair value measurement at reporting date using

As of December 31, 2023

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)

Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

US$('000)

US$('000)

US$('000)

US$('000)

Warrant liabilities (Note 14)

-

-

-

-

g)

Reverse stock split

The Board of Directors of the Company approved a reverse stock split of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Stock") at a ratio of 1-for-4 (the "Reverse Stock Split"). The Reverse Stock Split became effective on September 30, 2024 (the "Effective Date"). As a result, the number of shares of the Company's authorized Common Stock was reduced from 50,000,000 shares to 12,500,000 shares and the issued and outstanding number of shares of the Common Stock was correspondingly decreased. The Reverse Stock Split has no effect on the par value of the Company's Common Stock or authorized shares of preferred stock.

When the Reverse Stock Split became effective, each fourshares of issued and outstanding Common Stock were converted into one newly issued and outstanding share of Common Stock. Nofractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Any fractional shares of Common Stock that would have otherwise resulted from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest full share. No cash or other consideration was paid in connection with any fractional shares that would otherwise have resulted from the Reverse Stock Split.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, 8,704,506 shares of Common Stock that were issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 was reduced to 2,176,213 shares of Common Stock (taking into account the rounding of fractional shares).

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Except where otherwise specified, all number of shares, number of warrants, share prices, exercise prices and per share data in the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively restated as if the Reverse Stock Split occurred at the beginning of the periods presented.

h)

Revenue recognition

The following table present the Company's revenues disaggregated by products and services and timing of revenue recognition:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Internet advertising and related services
--distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service			12,440				24,815				3,239				9,011
--online advertising placements			-				427				-				145
Blockchain-based SaaS services			750				75				-				25
Total revenues		$	13,190			$	25,317			$	3,239			$	9,181

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenue recognized over time			12,440				25,242				3,239				9,156
Revenue recognized at a point in time			750				75				-				25
Total revenues		$	13,190			$	25,317			$	3,239			$	9,181

Contract balances

The table below summarized the movement of the Company's contract liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

		Contract liabilities
		US$('000)
Balance as of January 1, 2024			843
Exchange translation adjustment			9
Revenue recognized from beginning contract liability balances			(469	)
Advances received from customers related to unsatisfied performance obligations			317
Balance as of September 30, 2024(Unaudited)			700

Advance from customers related to unsatisfied performance obligations are generally refundable. Refund of advance from customers were insignificant for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no revenue recognized from performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

i)

Business combination

We account for our business combinations using the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method requires that the consideration transferred to be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities we acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations as of the acquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the total of cost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interests in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.

Acquisition of Yi En (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.

The Company acquired a 51% equity interest in Yi En (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Yi En") for a cash consideration of RMB1. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold its equity interest in Beijing Yi for a cash consideration of RMB1.

j)

Lease

As of September 30, 2024, there were no operating lease right-of-use assets and total operating lease liabilities recognized.

Operating lease expenses:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Long-term operating lease contracts			22				386				-				125
Short-term operating lease contracts			34				23				4				9
Total		$	56			$	409			$	4			$	134

Supplemental information related to operating leases:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Operating cash flows used for operating leases (US$'000)			25				409
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)			-				5.42
Weighted-average discount rate			-				6	%

5.	Accounts receivable, net

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Accounts receivable			6,317				4,831
Allowance for credit loss			(4,839	)			(3,987	)
Accounts receivable, net			1,478				844

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

All of the accounts receivable are non-interest bearing. The Company maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to reduce its accounts receivable to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company evaluates its accounts receivable on a collective (pool) basis and determines the allowance for credit loss based on aging data, historical collection experience, customer specific facts, current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company provided approximately US$0.80 million and US$0.11 million credit losses for its accounts receivable, respectively. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company provided approximately US$0.25 million and US$0.21 million credit losses for its accounts receivable, respectively.

6.	Prepayments and deposit to suppliers

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Deposits to advertising resources providers			915				911
Prepayments to advertising resources providers			3,027				3,136
Deposits for investing activities			403				-
Other deposits and prepayments			498				458
			4,843				4,505

7.	Other current assets

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Consideration receivable related to sales of equity interest in an investee entity			250				-
Short-term loans to unrelated parties			3,606				4,097
Short-term loans interest receivables			73				250
Staff advances for business operations			7				5
Total other current assets			3,936				4,352
Allowance for credit loss			(1,524	)			(1,558	)
Other current assets, net			2,412				2,794

As of September 30, 2024, the Company provided unsecured, interest-bearing short-term loans to two unrelated parties, which were set forth as below. These short-term loans were recorded as other current assets.

On January 5, 2022, the Company provided a short-term working capital loan of US$2.5 million to an unrelated party, which matured on May 5, 2022. The loan was unsecured and borne a fixed annualized interest rate of 7.5%. In April 2022, as agreed by both parties, the unrelated party repaid a portion of the loan principal of US$1.02 million, together with a loan interest of US0.06 million for the period from January 5, 2022 through April 30, 2022, based on the loan principal of US$2.5 million. The Company extended the term of the remaining loan principal of US$1.48 million to April 30, 2023 with a revised fixed annualized interest rate of 5%. In October 2022 and February 2023, the Company received loan interests of US$0.05 million in the aggregate for the period from May 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022. On April 30, 2023, the Company further extended the term of this loan to October 31, 2023. In May 2023, the Company received a loan interest of US$0.02 million for the period from January 1, 2023 through April 30, 2023. In July 2023, the Company received a loan interest of US$0.02 million for the period from May 1, 2023 through July 31, 2023. On October 31, 2023, the Company agreed to further extend the term of this loan to September 30, 2024. On May 29, 2024, the Company received payment of approximately US$0.13 million, of which approximately US$0.06 million settled outstanding interest and approximately US$0.07 million settled the loan principal. On September 30, 2024, the Company agreed to further extend the term of this loan to March 31, 2025.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

On January 11, 2023, the Company provided a short-term loan of US$2.0 million to another unrelated party. The loan is unsecured and bears a fixed annualized interest rate of 12%. The original maturity date of this loan was July 17, 2023. On July 1, 2023, the Company extended the term of this loan for a six-month period to January 18, 2024. Subsequently, on January 8, 2024, the Company further agreed to extend the term of the loan to January 18, 2025. For the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the Company received payment of US$0.77 million, of which approximately US$0.35 million settled outstanding interest and approximately US$0.42 million settled the loan principal.

The Company evaluates its short-term loans provided to unrelated parties for expected credit losses on a regular basis, and maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to reduce its short-term loans to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company evaluates its short-term loans on an individual basis and determines the allowance for credit loss based on creditworthiness of the borrowers, aging information, past transaction history with the borrowers and their current condition, as well as the current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reversed US$0.04 million and provided US$0.01 million credit losses on short-term loans provided to unrelated parties, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, other current assets also included a US$0.62 million remaining outstanding balance of a short-term loan that the Company provided to an unrelated party, Digital Sun Ventures Limited, a Hong Kong-based company ("Digital Sun"). In March 2021, the Company and Digital Sun reached an oral agreement, pursuant to which the Company provided a short-term loan of US$1.65 million to Digital Sun. The loan has a one-year term. The loan is unsecured, interest free and is required to be repaid in lump sum at maturity by March 2022. The Company provided this unsecured and interest free loan to Digital Sun in consideration of the promises and claims made by Digital Sun's management that Digital Sun has close connections with international well-known media companies seeking for strategic cooperation partners in China, and Digital Sun will facilitate building strategic business partnerships among the Company and these media companies. As of March 31, 2022, Digital Sun had repaid US$1.03 million of this loan and defaults on the loan balance of US$0.62 million. The Company attempted to collect the outstanding loan balance. In June 2022, the Company fully allowanced the outstanding loan balance of US$0.62 million based on the Company's assessment of the collectability of this outstanding balance. The Company had engaged a law firm and prepared and sent a legal letter to Digital Sun in March 2023, and the Company intends to take further actions to safeguard its rights against the default, including but not limited to, arranging meetings with the management of Digital Sun to negotiate the repayment plan in person and filing a lawsuit against Digital Sun after all other means of collection have been exhausted. As of the date hereof, the Company has not received any formal responses from Digital Sun.

8.	Long-term investments

		Amount
		US$('000)
Balance as of January 1, 2024			794
Exchange translation adjustment			-
Cash investments during the year			2
Disposed during the year			(397	)
Impairment losses provided during the year			(2	)
Balance as of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)			397

As of September 30, 2024, except for long-term investments which were fully impaired, the Company beneficially owned a 7.69%, 9.9% and 9.9% equity interest in each New Business Holdings Limited ("New Business"), HunanYong Fu Xiang Health Management Co., Ltd ("Yong Fu Xiang") and Wuhan Ju Liang Media Co., Ltd. ("Wuhan Ju Liang"), respectively.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

On May 27, 2024, the Company sold approximately 7.69% equity interest in New Business to an unrelated party at a total consideration of approximately US$0.40 million.

The Company measures each investment which does not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the Company.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company provided $0.002 million in impairment loss against its long-term investments.

9.	Property and equipment, net

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Vehicles			453				520
Office equipment			855				846
Electronic devices			577				571
Leasehold improvement			184				182
Property and equipment, cost			2,069				2,119
Less: accumulated depreciation			(1,935	)			(1,904	)
Property and equipment, net			134				215

Depreciation expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were approximately US$0.08 million and US$0.07 million, respectively. Depreciation expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were approximately US$0.02 million and US$0.02 million, respectively.

10.	Intangible assets, net

		As of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)
Items		Gross Carrying Value			Accumulated Amortization			Impairment			Net Carrying Value
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
--10 years life:
Cloud compute software technology			1,325				(919	)			(406	)			-
Licensed products use right			1,204				(496	)			(708	)			-
--5 years life:
Internet Ad tracking system			1,160				(637	)			(523	)			-
Live streaming technology			1,500				(625	)			(875	)			-
--3 years life:
Blockchain Integrated Framework			4,038				(2,818	)			(1,010	)			210
Bo!News application			342				(114	)			(228	)			-
Other computer software			111				(111	)			-				-
Total		$	9,680			$	(5,720	)		$	(3,750	)		$	210

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

		As of December 31, 2023
Items		Gross Carrying Value			Accumulated Amortization			Impairment			Net Carrying Value
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
--10 years life:
Cloud compute software technology			1,311				(909	)			(402	)			-
Licensed products use right			1,204				(496	)			(708	)			-
--5 years life:
Internet Ad tracking system			1,160				(637	)			(523	)			-
Live streaming technology			1,500				(625	)			(875	)			-
--3 years life:
Blockchain Integrated Framework			4,038				(2,187	)			(1,010	)			841
Bo!News application			339				(113	)			(226	)			-
Other computer software			111				(111	)			-				-
Total		$	9,663			$	(5,078	)		$	(3,744	)		$	841

Amortization expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were approximately US$0.63 million and US$0.90 million, respectively. Amortization expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were approximately US$0.21 million and US$0.30 million, respectively.

Based on the adjusted carrying value of the finite-lived intangible assets after the deduction of the impairment losses, which has a weighted average remaining useful life of 0.25 years as of September 30, 2024, and assuming no further subsequent impairment of the underlying intangible assets, the estimated future amortization expenses is approximately US$0.21 million for the year ending December 31, 2024.

11.	Accrued payroll and other accruals

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Accrued payroll and staff welfare			18				67
Accrued operating expenses			85				283
			103				350

12.

Taxation

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, taxes payable consists of:

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Turnover tax and surcharge payable			1,948				1,264
Enterprise income tax payable			1,280				1,930
Total taxes payable			3,228				3,194

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company's income tax benefit/(expenses) consisted of:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Current			-				-				-				-
Deferred			4				-				-				(2	)
Income tax benefit/(expenses)			4				-				-				(2	)

The Company's deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

		September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)
Tax effect of net operating losses carried forward			11,362				10,745
Operating lease cost			-				1
Impairment on long-term investments			105				161
Impairment on intangible assets			571				571
Bad debts provision			1,435				1,226
Valuation allowance			(13,063	)			(12,303	)
Deferred tax assets, net			410				401

The U.S. holding company has incurred aggregate net operating losses ("NOLs") of approximately US$34.6 million and US$32.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The NOLs carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 gradually expire over time, the last of which expires in 2037. NOLs incurred after December 31, 2017 will no longer be available to carry back but can be carried forward indefinitely, subject to an annual limit of 80% on the amount of taxable income that can be offset by NOLs arising in tax years ending after December 31, 2017. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against its net U.S. deferred tax assets, since due to uncertainties surrounding future utilization, the Company estimates there will not be sufficient future earnings to utilize its U.S. deferred tax assets.

The NOLs carried forward incurred by the Company's PRC subsidiaries and VIEs were approximately US$11.6 million and US$10.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The losses carryforwards gradually expire over time, the last of which will expire in 2028. The related deferred tax assets were calculated based on the respective NOLs incurred by each of the PRC subsidiaries and VIEs and the respective corresponding enacted tax rate that will be in effect in the period in which the losses are expected to be utilized.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

The Company recorded approximately US$13.1 million and US$12.3 million valuation allowance as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, because it is considered more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized through sufficient future earnings of the entities to which the operating losses related.

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded approximately US$0.72 million and US$0.42 million deferred tax valuation allowance, respectively. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately US$0.91 million and US$0.35 million deferred tax valuation allowance, respectively.

13.	Long-term borrowing from a related party

Long-term borrowing from a related party is a non-interest bearing loan from a related parity of the Company relating to the original paid-in capital contribution in the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary Rise King Century Technology Development (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Rise King WFOE"), which is not expected to be repaid within one year.

14.	The Financing and warrant liabilities

The Company issued warrants to certain institutional investors and the Company's placement agent in the registered direct offerings consummated in February 2021 (the "2021 Financing") and December 2020 (the "2020 Financing") which warrants were accounted for as derivative liabilities and measured at fair value with changes in fair value be recorded in earnings in each reporting period. As of September 30, 2024, the warrants issued in the 2021 and 2020 Financing have expired. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company did not recognize any change in fair value of warrant liabilities. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a gain of approximately US$0.19 million and US$0.01 million from change in fair value of warrant liabilities, respectively.

Warrants issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and their movements during the nine months then ended are as follows:

		Warrant Outstanding*			Warrant Exercisable*
		Number of underlying shares			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Number of underlying shares			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance, January 1, 2024			148,543				0.63			$	74.00				148,543				0.63			$	74.00
Granted/Vested			-												-
Expired			(148,543	)											(148,543	)
Balance, September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)			-				-			$	-				-				-			$	74.00

*Retrospectively restated for effect of the 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 30, 2024, see Note 4(g).

15.	Restricted net assets

The Company is a Nevada holding company with operations primarily conducted in China through its PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries. The Company's ability to pay dividends to U.S. investors may depend on receiving distributions from its PRC subsidiaries and settlement of the amounts owed under the VIE agreements from the consolidated VIEs. Any limitation on the ability of the Company's PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIEs to make payments to the Company, or the tax implications of making payments to the Company, could have a material adverse effect on its ability to pay dividends to the U.S. investors.

The PRC regulations currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The Company's PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside at least 10% of their respective after-tax profit based on the PRC accounting standards and regulations each year to the statutory surplus reserve, until the balance in the reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of the respective PRC entities. In accordance with these PRC laws and regulations, the Company's PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Nevada holding company. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net assets restricted in the aggregate, that are included in the Company's consolidated net assets, were approximately US$13.26 million and US$13.41 million, respectively. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund of a foreign-invested PRC entity and appropriation to the discretionary surplus reserve of other PRC entities are at the discretion of the board of directors. To date, none of the Company's PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries appropriated any of these non-mandatory funds and reserves. Furthermore, if these entities incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax ("EIT") Law and related regulations, dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by a foreign-invested enterprise to its immediate holding company outside China are subject to a 10% withholding tax. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between mainland China and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Hong Kong has a tax arrangement with mainland China that provides for a 5% withholding tax on dividends subject to certain conditions and requirements, such as the requirements that the Hong Kong enterprise owns at least 25% of the PRC enterprise distributing the dividend at all times within the 12-month period immediately preceding the distribution of dividends and provides that the recipient can demonstrate it is a Hong Kong tax resident and it is the beneficial owner of the dividends. The PRC government adopted regulations in 2018 which stipulate that in determining whether a non-resident enterprise has the status as a beneficial owner, comprehensive analysis shall be conducted based on the factors listed therein and the actual circumstances of the specific case shall be taken into consideration. Specifically, it expressly excludes an agent or a designated payee from being considered as a "beneficial owner". The Company owns its PRC subsidiaries through China Net HK. China Net HK currently does not hold a Hong Kong tax resident certificate from the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, there is no assurance that the reduced withholding tax rate will be available for the Company. If China Net HK is not considered to be the "beneficial owner" of the dividends by the Chinese local tax authority, any dividends paid to it by the Company's PRC subsidiaries would be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%.

There are no restrictions for the consolidated VIEs to settle the amounts owed under the VIE agreements to Rise King WFOE. However, arrangements and transactions among affiliated entities may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. If at any time the VIE agreements and the related fee structure between the consolidated VIEs and Rise King WFOE is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities, the consolidated VIEs could, as a matter of last resort, make a non-deductible transfer to Rise King WFOE for the amounts owed under the VIE agreements. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for the consolidated VIEs but still taxable income for Rise King WFOE. If this happens, it may increase the Company's tax burden and reduce its after-tax income in the PRC, and may materially and adversely affect its ability to make distributions to the holding company. The Company's management is of the view that the likelihood that this scenario would happen is remote.

The Company's PRC subsidiaries generate all of their revenue in Renminbi, Renminbi is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of the Company's PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends/make distributions to the Company. The Chinese government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Shortages in availability of foreign currency may then restrict the ability of the Company's PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to the Nevada holding company for the holding company to pay dividends to the U.S. investors. Renminbi is currently convertible under the "current account," which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the "capital account," which includes foreign direct investment and foreign debt. Currently, the Company's PRC subsidiaries may purchase foreign currency for settlement of current account transactions, including payment of dividends to the Nevada holding company, without the approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of China (the "SAFE") by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant Chinese governmental authorities may limit or eliminate the Company's ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. The Chinese government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and additional restrictions and substantial vetting processes may be instituted by the SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit the Company's ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to pay dividends in foreign currencies to holders of the Company's securities. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, the SAFE and other relevant Chinese governmental authorities. This could affect the Company's ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for its PRC subsidiaries.

To date, none of the Company's subsidiaries has made any distribution of earnings or issued any dividends to their respective shareholder in or outside of China, or to the Nevada holding company, and the Nevada holding company has never declared or paid any cash dividends to U.S. investors.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

The Company does not have any present plan to make any distribution of earnings/issue any dividends directly or indirectly to its Nevada holding company or pay any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future, because the Company currently intend to retain most, if not all, of its available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand the Company's business.

16.	Employee defined contribution plan

Full time employees of the Company in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries of the Company make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees' salaries. The employee benefits were expensed as incurred. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefits were approximately US$0.07 million and US$0.12 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total amounts for such employee benefits were approximately US$0.02 million and US$0.04 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

17.	Concentration of risk

Credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and deposits and loans to unrelated parties. As of September 30, 2024, 81% of the Company's cash and cash equivalents were held by major financial institutions located in China, the remaining 19% was held by financial institutions located in the United States of America. The Company believes that these financial institutions located in China and the United States of America are of high credit quality. For accounts receivable and deposits and loans to unrelated parties, the Company extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer's or other parties' financial condition, generally without requiring collateral or other security. In order to minimize the credit risk, the Company delegated a team responsible for credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. Further, the Company reviews the recoverable amount of each individual receivable at each balance sheet date to ensure that adequate allowances are made for doubtful accounts. In this regard, the Company considers that the Company's credit risk for accounts receivable and deposits and loans to unrelated parties are significantly reduced.

Concentration of customers

	Customer A	Customer B	Customer C	Customer D	Customer E	Customer F	Customer G
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Revenues, customer concentration risk	-	*	*	-	*	*	*
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Revenues, customer concentration risk	-	*	*	-	27%	28%	28%
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Revenues, customer concentration risk	*	*	*	11%	-	-	-
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Revenues, customer concentration risk	*	*	*	11%	-	-	-
As of September 30, 2024
Accounts receivable, customer concentration risk	*	*	*	-	19%	20%	42%
As of December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, customer concentration risk	11%	56%	19%	-	-	-	-

The following tables summarized the information about the Company's concentration of customers for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

* Less than 10%.

- No transaction incurred for the reporting period/no balance existed as of the reporting date.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Concentration of suppliers

The following tables summarized the information about the Company's concentration of suppliers for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

	Supplier A		Supplier B		Supplier C		Supplier D		Supplier E
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Cost of revenues, supplier concentration risk	34%		19%		12%		11%		-
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Cost of revenues, supplier concentration risk	*		76%		*		*		-
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Cost of revenues, supplier concentration risk	65%		-		*		-		20%
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Cost of revenues, supplier concentration risk	49%		-		*		-		32%

* Less than 10%.

- No transaction incurred for the reporting period.

18.	Commitments and contingencies

In June 2023, the Company acquired a 9.9% equity interest in Wuhan Ju Liang, through subscription of a RMB0.99 million (approximately US$0.14 million) in registered capital of the entity in cash, which amount was committed to be paid up before August 1, 2052.

The Company may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in its ordinary course of business. The Company evaluates the status of each legal matter and assesses the potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any legal proceedings or litigation is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability of a loss and whether the amount of the loss is reasonably estimated. As of the date hereof, based on the information currently available, the Company believes that the loss contingencies that may arise as a result of currently pending legal proceedings are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

19.	Segment reporting

The Company follows ASC Topic 280 "Segment Reporting", which requires that companies disclose segment data based on how management makes decisions about allocating resources to segments and evaluating their performance. Reportable operating segments include components of an entity about which separate financial information is available and which operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), the Company's Chief Executive Officer, to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess each operating segment's performance.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)

		Internet Ad and related service			Ecommerce O2O Ad and marketing services			Blockchain technology			Corporate			Inter-segment and reconciling item			Total
		US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)
Revenues			12,440				-				750				-				-				13,190
Cost of revenues			12,104				-				631				-				-				12,735
Total operating expenses			926				10				-				2,734				-				3,670
Depreciation and amortization expense included in cost of revenues and total operating expenses			23				-				631				59				-				713
Operating income/(loss)			(591	)			(10	)			119				(2,733	)			-				(3,215	)
Impairment on long-term investments			-				-				-				(2	)			-				(2	)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries			22				-				-				1				-				23
Net income/(loss)			(587	)			(9	)			119				(2,510	)			-				(2,987	)
Total assets-September 30, 2024			8,331				148				210				34,211				(31,893	)			11,007
Total assets-December 31, 2023			7,966				144				841				34,867				(32,585	)			11,233

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)

		Internet Ad and related service			Ecommerce O2O Ad and marketing services			Blockchain technology			Corporate			Inter-segment and reconciling item			Total
		US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)
Revenues			3,239				-				-				-				-				3,239
Cost of revenues			2,973				-				211				-				-				3,184
Total operating expenses			43				4				-				2,000				-				2,047
Depreciation and amortization expense included in cost of revenues and total operating expenses			7				-				211				19				-				237
Operating income/(loss)			222				(3	)			(211	)			(2,000	)			-				(1,992	)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries			22				-				-				1				-				23
Net income/(loss)			241				(2	)			(211	)			(1,933	)			-				(1,905	)

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Unaudited)

		Internet Ad and related service			Ecommerce O2O Ad and marketing services			Blockchain technology			Corporate			Inter-segment and reconciling item			Total
		US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)
Revenues			25,242				-				75				-				-				25,317
Cost of revenues			25,116				-				630				-				-				25,746
Total operating expenses			1,063				11				-				2,751(1)				-				3,825
Depreciation and amortization expense included in cost of revenues and total operating expenses			274				-				630				62				-				966
Operating loss			(937	)			(11	)			(555	)			(2,751	)			-				(4,254	)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities			-				-				-				185				-				185
Net loss			(961	)			(6	)			(556	)			(2,543	)			-				(4,066	)
Total assets-September 30, 2023			9,474				142				1,051				36,525				(32,413	)			14,779
Total assets-December 31, 2022			10,385				156				1,682				39,136				(31,701	)			19,658

(1)

Including approximately US$0.10 million share-based compensation expenses.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Unaudited)

		Internet Ad and related service			Ecommerce O2O Ad and marketing services			Blockchain technology			Corporate			Inter-segment and reconciling item			Total
		US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)			US$ ('000)
Revenues			9,156				-				25				-				-				9,181
Cost of revenues			8,975				-				210				-				-				9,185
Total operating expenses			380				2				-				1,220(1)				-				1,602
Depreciation and amortization expense included in cost of revenues and total operating expenses			90				-				210				21				-				321
Operating loss			(199	)			(2	)			(185	)			(1,220	)			-				(1,606	)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities			-				-				-				13				-				13
Net loss			(211	)			(1	)			(185	)			(1,123	)			-				(1,520	)

(1)

Including approximately US$0.01 million share-based compensation expenses.

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

20.	Loss per share

Basic and diluted loss per share for each of the periods presented are calculated as follows (All amounts, except number of shares and per share data, are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars):

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Net loss		$	(2,987	)		$	(4,066	)		$	(1,905	)		$	(1,520	)
Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests from continued operations			7				-				(9	)			-
Net loss attributable to ZW Data Action Technologies Inc. (numerator for basic and diluted loss per share)		$	(2,980	)		$	(4,066	)		$	(1,914	)		$	(1,520	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -Basic and diluted*			1,802,582				1,797,999				1,805,289				1,801,213
Loss per share-Basic and diluted*		$	(1.65	)		$	(2.26	)		$	(1.06	)		$	(0.84	)

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the diluted loss per share calculation did not include any outstanding warrants to purchase the Company's common stock, because they were out-of-the-money and their effect was anti-dilutive.

* Retrospectively restated for effect of the 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 30, 2024, see Note 4(g).

ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

21.	Share-based compensation expenses

In September 2024, under its 2023 Omnibus Securities and Incentive Plan, the Company granted and issued 0.375 million fully-vested shares of the Company's restricted common stock to employees, consultants and one of its independent directors in exchange for services to the Company. These shares were valued at US$4.4 per share, the closing bid price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. Total compensation expenses amortized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately US$1.64 million.

In April 2023, under its 2020 Omnibus Securities and Incentive Plan, the Company granted and issued 0.03 million fully-vested shares of the Company's restricted common stock to one of its independent directors in exchange for his service to the Company for the year ending December 31, 2023. These shares were valued at US$1.65 per share, the closing bid price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. Total compensation expenses amortized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately US$0.04 million and US$0.02 million, respectively.

In June 2022, the Company granted and issued 0.08 million fully-vested and non-forfeitable shares of the Company restricted common stock to a management consulting and advisory service provider in exchange for its service for a 12-month period until May 2023. The Company valued these shares at US$1.75 per share, the closing bid price of the Company's common stock on the grant date of these shares and recorded the related total cost of approximately US$0.14 million as a prepayment asset in prepayment and deposit to suppliers account upon the grant and issuance of these shares. Total compensation expenses amortized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately US$0.06 million and US$nil, respectively.

The table below summarized share-based compensation expenses recorded for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)			US$('000)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Sales and marketing expenses			-				-				-				-
General and administrative expenses			1,642				95				1,642				12
Research and development expenses			-				-				-				-
Total			1,642				95				1,642				12

22.	Subsequent events

The Company's principal business activity is to provide advertising and marketing services to small and medium enterprises in the PRC, which is particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. The general economic downturn in the PRC lead by a challenging macroeconomic environment had caused and may continue to cause decreases in or delays in advertising spending, and had negatively impacted and may continue to negatively impact the Company's short-term ability to grow revenues. While the Chinese government has introduced various stimulus measures in 2024 to boost the economy and the property sector, there remains uncertainty as to the future impact of the recent economic downturn in the PRC. The Company will continue to assess the impact of general economic conditions on its operations for future periods.

Except for the above mentioned matters, no other material events which are required to be adjusted or disclosed as of the date of this consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this interim report. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "believe," or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the "PCAOB") had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections over our auditor deprived our investors of the benefits of such inspections.

Our auditor, ARK Pro CPA & Co. ("ARK"), the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report in our SEC filings, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States, pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is located in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC ("Hong Kong"), China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was unable to conduct inspections and investigations before 2022. As a result, we and investors in our securities were deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong in 2022. However, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in Hong Kong in the past made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm's audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China mainland and Hong Kong that have been subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our securities to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

Our common stock may be delisted and prohibited from trading in the United States under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, as amended by the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China mainland and Hong Kong. The delisting of our common stock or the threat of their being delisted could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or be worthless, and thus you could lose all or substantial portion of your investment.

On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was signed into law that states if the SEC determines that issuers have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit its common stock from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the U.S. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded over-the-counter if the auditor of the registrant's financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspection for two consecutive years, instead of three consecutive years as enacted in the HFCAA. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments implementing the disclosure and submission requirements of the HFCAA, pursuant to which the SEC will identify an issuer as a "Commission-Identified Issuer" if the issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and will then impose a trading prohibition on an issuer after it is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years. On December 29, 2022, the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was signed into law.

On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a HFCAA Determination Report (the "2021 PCAOB Determinations") to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong because of positions taken by the Chinese authorities, and our auditor was subject to this determination. On May 13, 2022, the SEC conclusively identified us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol on agreement governing on inspections of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, with China Securities Regulatory Commission ("CSRC") and Ministry of Finance ("MOF") of the PRC, in regarding to governing inspections and investigations of audit firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong (the "Agreement"). As stated in the Agreement, the Chinese authorities committed that the PCAOB has direct access to view complete audit work papers under its inspections or investigations and has sole discretion to the selected audit firms and audit engagements. The Agreement opens access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate the registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely. The PCAOB then thoroughly tested compliance with every aspect of the Agreement necessary to determine complete access. This included sending a team of PCAOB staff to conduct on-site inspections and investigations in Hong Kong over a nine-week period from September to November 2022.

On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued its 2022 HFCAA Determination Report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its 2021 PCAOB Determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong. For this reason, we do not expect to be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China mainland and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor's, control.

The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access in China mainland and Hong Kong moving forward and is already making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB does not have to wait another year to reassess its determinations. Should the PRC authorities obstruct the PCAOB's access to inspect or investigate completely in any way and at any point, the PCAOB will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations consistent with the HFCAA.

We cannot assure you that our auditor will not be determined as a register public accounting firm that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely for two consecutive years because of positions taken by the Chinese authorities and/or any other causes in the future. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If the PCAOB in the future again determines that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in China mainland and Hong Kong, we may be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer accordingly. If this happens, Nasdaq may determine to delist our common stock, and there is no certainty that we will be able to continue listing our common stock on other non-U.S. stock exchanges or that an active market for our common stock will immediately develop outside of the U.S. The prohibiting from trading in the United States or delisting of our common stock or the threat of their being delisted could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or be worthless, and thus you could lose all or substantial portion of your investment.

Overview

Our company was incorporated in the State of Texas in April 2006 and re-domiciled to become a Nevada corporation in October 2006. As a result of a share exchange transaction we consummated with China Net BVI in June 2009, we are now a holding company, which through certain contractual arrangements with operating companies in the PRC, is engaged in providing Internet advertising, precision marketing, blockchain-based SaaS services, and ecommerce O2O advertising and marketing services and the related data and technical services to SMEs in the PRC.

Through our PRC operating subsidiaries and VIEs, we primarily operate a one-stop services for our clients on our Omni-channel advertising, precision marketing and data analysis management system. We offer a variety channels of advertising and marketing services through this system, which primarily include distribution of the right to use search engine marketing services we purchased from key search engines, provision of online advertising placements services on our web portals, provision of ecommerce O2O advertising and marketing services as well as provision of other related value-added data and technical services to maximize market exposure and effectiveness for our clients. Beginning in early 2022, we introduced our SaaS services to customers. The SaaS services were designated in providing one-stop blockchain-powered enterprise management solutions via our BIF platform in forms of unique NFT generations, data record, share and storage modules subscriptions etc.

Basis of presentation, management estimates and critical accounting policies

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") and include the accounts of our company, and all of our subsidiaries and VIEs. We prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. In order to understand the significant accounting policies that we adopted for the preparation of our condensed consolidated interim financial statements, readers should refer to the information set forth in Note 4 "Summary of significant accounting policies" to our audited financial statements in our 2023 Form 10-K.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, estimation of current expected credit loss and fair value measurement of warrant liabilities have the greatest potential impacts on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

	●	Our revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Our revenues from distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service are recognized on a gross basis, because we determine that we are a principal in the transaction who control the services before they are transferred to our customers.
	●	We maintain an allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable and short-term loans provided to unrelated parties, which are recorded as valuation accounts that are deducted from the amortized cost basis of the related financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. The allowance for credit losses reflects our current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the related financial assets. We consider various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting our allowance for credit losses, including the aging and aging trends, customer/other parties' creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers/other parties. We also monitor other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer/other party's ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. We assess collectability by reviewing the financial assets on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when we identify specific customers/other parties with known disputes or collectability issues. Accounts receivable and short-term loans to unrelated parties are written off after all collection efforts have ceased.
	●	We determined that the warrants we issued in various financing activities should be accounted for as derivative liabilities and measured at fair value with changes in fair value be recorded in earnings in each reporting period. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value of our warrant liabilities was determined based on significant unobservable inputs, such as volatility of our stock price, risk free interest rate.

A.	RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE AND THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

The following table sets forth a summary, for the periods indicated, of our consolidated results of operations. Our historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. All amounts are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars.

		Nine Months Ended September 30,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023			2024			2023
		(US $)			(US $)			(US $)			(US $)
		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenues			13,190				25,317				3,239				9,181
Cost of revenues			12,735				25,746				3,184				9,185
Gross (loss)/ profit			455				(429	)			55				(4	)
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing expenses			208				148				75				55
General and administrative expenses			3,462				3,659				1,972				1,547
Research and development expenses			-				18				-				-
Total operating expenses			3,670				3,825				2,047				1,602
Loss from operations			(3,215	)			(4,254	)			(1,992	)			(1,606	)
Other income/(expenses)
Interest income			233				230				66				79
Other expenses, net			(30	)			(20	)			(2	)			(6	)
Impairment of long-term investments			(2	)			(207	)			-				2
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries			23				-				23				-
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities			-				185				-				13
Total other income/(expenses)			224				188				87				88
Loss before income tax benefit/(expense)			(2,991	)			(4,066	)			(1,905	)			(1,518	)
Income tax benefit/(expense)			4				-				-				(2	)
Net loss			(2,987	)		$	(4,066	)		$	(1,905	)		$	(1,520	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			7				-				(9	)			-
Net loss attributable to ZW Data Action Technologies Inc.		$	(2,980	)		$	(4,066	)		$	(1,914	)		$	(1,520	)

Revenues

The following tables set forth a breakdown of our total revenues, disaggregated by type of services for the periods indicated, with inter-company transactions eliminated:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
Revenue type		(Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars, except percentages)
-Internet advertising and related data service		$	2,700				20.5	%		$	427				1.7	%
-Distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service			9,740				73.8	%			24,815				98.0	%
Internet advertising and related services			12,440				94.3	%			25,242				99.7	%
Blockchain-based SaaS services			750				5.7	%			75				0.3	%
Total		$	13,190				100	%		$	25,317				100	%

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
Revenue type		(Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars, except percentages)
-Internet advertising and related data service		$	2,700				83.4	%		$	145				1.6	%
-Distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service			539				16.6	%			9,011				98.1	%
Internet advertising and related services			3,239				100	%			9,156				99.7	%
Blockchain-based SaaS services			-				-				25				0.3	%
Total		$	3,239				100	%		$	9,181				100	%

Total Revenues: Our total revenues decreased to US$13.19 million and US$3.24 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, from US$25.32 million and US$9.18 million for the same periods last year, respectively, which was primarily due to the decrease in our main stream service revenues, i.e., distribution of the right to use search engine marketing services.

●

Internet advertising revenues for both the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately US$2.7 million, compared with US$0.43 million and US$0.15 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The increase primarily resulted from the Company providing influencer marketing services during the three months ended September 30, 2024 which offer higher growth opportunities and profitability.

	●	Revenue generated from distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately US$9.74 million and US$0.54 million, respectively, compared with approximately US$24.82 million and US$9.01 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The decline in revenue from this business category was primarily attributable to the Company shifting its business strategy to focus more on profitability.
	●	For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, we generated approximately US$0.75 million and nil in revenue from our blockchain-based SaaS services, respectively, compared with approximately US$0.08 million and US$0.03 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Cost of revenues

Our cost of revenues consisted of costs directly related to the offering of our Internet advertising, precision marketing and related data and technical services, and software platform amortization cost related to our blockchain-based SaaS service. The following table sets forth our cost of revenues, disaggregated by type of services, by amount and gross profit ratio for the periods indicated, with inter-company transactions eliminated:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		(Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars, except percentages)
		Revenue			Cost			GP ratio			Revenue			Cost			GP ratio
-Internet advertising and related data service		$	2,700			$	2,430				10	%		$	427			$	350				18	%
-Distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service			9,740				9,674				0.7	%			24,815				24,766				0.2	%
Internet advertising and related services			12,440				12,104				2.7	%			25,242				25,116				0.5	%
Blockchain-based SaaS services			750				631				15.9	%			75				630				-740	%
Total		$	13,190			$	12,735				3.5	%		$	25,317			$	25,746				-2	%

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		(Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars, except percentages)
		Revenue			Cost			GP ratio			Revenue			Cost			GP ratio
-Internet advertising and related data service		$	2,700			$	2,430				10	%		$	145			$	116				20	%
-Distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service			539				544				-0.9	%			9,011				8,859				2	%
Internet advertising and related services			3,239				2,974				8.2	%			9,156				8,975				2	%
Blockchain-based SaaS services			-				210				-				25				210				-740	%
Total		$	3,239			$	3,184				1.7	%		$	9,181			$	9,185				-0.04	%

Cost of revenues: Our total cost of revenues decreased to US$12.74 million and US$3.18 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, from US$25.75 million and US$9.19 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Our cost of revenues primarily consists of search engine marketing resources purchased from key search engines, amortization of software platform development cost and other direct costs associated with providing our services. The decrease in our total cost of revenues for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to the decrease in costs associated with distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service we purchased from key search engines during the periods, which was in line with the decrease in the related revenues as discussed above.

●

Costs for internet advertising and data service primarily consist of cost of internet traffic flow and technical services we purchased from other portals and technical suppliers for obtaining effective sales lead generation to promote business opportunity advertisements placed on our own ad portals. It also includes the cost of influencer marketing services that corresponds with our influencer marketing business. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, our total cost of revenues for Internet advertising and data service was approximately US$2.43 million, compared with approximately US$0.35 million and US$0.12 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The gross margin rate of our Internet advertising and data service was 10% for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, compared with 18% and 20% for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

●

Costs for distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service was direct search engine resources consumed for the right to use search engine marketing service that we purchased from key search engines and distributed to our customers. We purchased these search engine resources from well-known search engines and/or their delegated agencies in China, for example, Baidu, Qihu 360 and Sohu (Sogou) etc. We purchased the resources in relatively large amounts under our own name at a relatively lower rate compared to the market rates. We charged our clients the actual cost they consumed on search engines for the use of this service and a premium at certain percentage of that actual consumed cost. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, our total cost of revenues for distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service was US$9.67 million and US$0.54 million, respectively, compared with US$24.77 million and US$8.86 million for the same periods last year, respectively. The decrease in cost of revenues for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024 was in line with the decrease in revenues from this business category. Gross margin rate of this business category was 0.7% and -0.9% for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared with 0.2% and 2% gross margin rate incurred for the same periods last year, respectively.

●

For the nine months and three months ended September 30, 2024, cost for our blockchain-based SaaS services was approximately US$0.63 million and US$0.21 million, respectively, compared with approximately US$0.63 million and US$0.21 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Costs for our blockchain-based SaaS services consist of the amortized cost of our self-developed BIF platform. Gross margin rate of this business category was 15.9% and nil for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared with -740% gross margin rate for the same periods last year.

Gross (loss)/profit

As a result of the foregoing, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred a gross profit of approximately US$0.46 million, compared with a gross loss of approximately US$0.43 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred an approximately US$0.06 million gross profit, compared with a gross loss of approximately US$0.004 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Our overall gross margin was 3.5% and 1.7% for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared with -1.7% and -0.04% for the same periods last year, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the gross margin rate of our main stream of service revenues, i.e. distribution of the right to use search engine marketing services, improved to 0.7%, compared with 0.2% gross margin rate for the same period last year. In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the gross margin rate of our blockchain-based SaaS services was 15.9%, compared with -740% for the same period last year.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. The following tables set forth our operating expenses, divided into their major categories by amount and as a percentage of our total revenues for the periods indicated.

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		(Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars, except percentages)
		Amount			% of total revenue			Amount			% of total revenue
Total revenues		$	13,190				100	%		$	25,317				100	%
Gross profit/(loss)			455				3.5	%			(429	)			-1.7	%
Sales and marketing expenses			208				1.6	%			148				0.6	%
General and administrative expenses			3,462				26.2	%			3,659				14.5	%
Research and development expenses			-				-				18				0.1	%
Total operating expenses		$	3,670				27.8	%		$	3,825				15.1	%

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		(Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars, except percentages)
		Amount			% of total revenue			Amount			% of total revenue
Total revenues		$	3,239				100	%		$	9,181				100	%
Gross profit/(loss)			55				1.7	%			(4	)			-0.04	%
Sales and marketing expenses			75				2.3	%			55				0.6	%
General and administrative expenses			1,972				60.9	%			1,547				16.9	%
Research and development expenses			-				-				-				-
Total operating expenses		$	2,047				63.2	%		$	1,602				17.4	%

Operating Expenses: Our total operating expenses was approximately US$3.67 million and US$2.05 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared with approximately US$3.83 million and US$1.60 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

●

Sales and marketing expenses: Sales and marketing expenses was US$0.21 million and US$0.08 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared with approximately US$0.15 million and US$0.06 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Our sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of staff salaries and benefits, performance bonuses, travel expenses, communication expenses and other general office expenses of our sales department. Due to certain aspects of our business nature, the fluctuation of our sales and marketing expenses usually does not have a direct linear relationship with the fluctuation of our net revenues.

●

General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses was US$3.46 million and US$1.97 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared with US$3.66 million and US$1.55 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits of management, accounting, human resources and administrative personnel, office rentals, depreciation of office equipment, allowance for doubtful accounts, professional service fees, maintenance, utilities and other general office expenses of our supporting and administrative departments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the change in our general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the following reasons: (1) the increase in share-based compensation expenses of approximately US$1.55 million, due to the issuance of 0.375 million fully-vested shares of the Company's restricted common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period last year; (2) the decrease in allowance for expected credit losses of approximately US$0.58 million; and (3) the decrease in other general administrative expenses of approximately US$1.17 million, as a result of the cost reduction plan executed by the management. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the changes in our general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to the following reasons: (1) the increase in share-based compensation expenses of approximately US$1.63 million, due to the issuance of 0.375 million fully-vested shares of the Company's restricted common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period last year; (2) the decrease in other general administrative expenses of approximately US$0.43 million, as a result of the cost reduction plan executed by management; and (3) the decrease in allowance for expected credit losses of approximately US$0.77 million, respectively.

Loss from operations: As a result of the foregoing, we incurred a loss from operations of approximately US$3.22 million and US$4.25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we incurred a loss from operations of approximately US$1.99 million and US$1.61 million, respectively.

Interest Income: For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, interest income recognized were primarily related to the interest we earned from the short-term loans we provided to unrelated parties.

Impairment on long-term investments: For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized approximately US$0.002 million in impairment loss on long-term investments, which was related to our cash investments in one of our unconsolidated investee entities whose business activities had become dormant.For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized approximately US$0.21 million impairment loss on long-term investments.

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities: We issued warrants in financing activities. We determined that these warrants should be accounted for as derivative liabilities, as the warrants are dominated in a currency (U.S. dollar) other than our functional currency (Renminbi or Yuan). For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2024, we did not recognize any change in fair value of these warrant liabilities, compared to a gain of change in fair value of approximately US$0.19 million and US$0.01 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Loss before income tax benefit/(expense): As a result of the foregoing, our loss before income tax benefit was approximately US$2.99 million and US$4.066 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred an approximately US$1.91 million loss before income tax expense, compared with an approximately US$1.52 million loss before income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Income Tax benefit/(expense): For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized approximately US$0.004 million and nil, respectively, in income tax benefits. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized approximately nil and US$0.002 million, respectively, in income tax expenses. These benefits were related to the net operating loss incurred by one of our operating VIEs for each respective period. We anticipate these losses will likely be utilized against future earnings of this entity.

Net loss: As a result of the foregoing, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we incurred a total net loss of approximately US$2.99 million and US$4.066 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized a net loss of approximately US$1.91 million, compared with a net loss of approximately US$1.52 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Transfer within Our Organization and the Related Restrictions

We are a Nevada holding company with operations primarily conducted in China through our PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries. The intercompany flow of funds within our organization is effected through capital contributions and intercompany loans. We do not have written policies regarding intercompany cash transfer within our organization. In accordance with our current internal cash management practices, all intercompany cash transfer within our organization requires prior approval by our financial director and our chief financial officer/or our chief executive officer before execution.

As we conduct our operations primarily in China through our PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and their subsidiaries, and we intend to transfer most of our cash raised from the U.S. stock market to these operating entities to support their operations and expansions, our ability to pay dividends to U.S. investors may depend on receiving distributions from our PRC subsidiaries and settlement of the amounts owed under the VIE agreements from the consolidated VIEs. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIEs to make payments to us, or the tax implications of making payments to us, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to pay dividends to our U.S. investors.

The PRC regulations currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside at least 10% of their respective after-tax profit based on the PRC accounting standards and regulations each year to the statutory surplus reserve, until the balance in the reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of the respective PRC entities. In accordance with these PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to us. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net assets restricted in the aggregate, which include paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds of our PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries that are included in our consolidated net assets, were approximately US$13.26 million and US$13.41 million, respectively. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund of a foreign-invested PRC entity and appropriation to the discretionary surplus reserve of other PRC entities are at the discretion of the board of directors. To date, none of our PRC subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and their subsidiaries appropriated any of these non-mandatory funds and reserves. Furthermore, if these entities incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax ("EIT") Law and related regulations, dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by a foreign-invested enterprise to its immediate holding company outside China are subject to a 10% withholding tax. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between mainland China and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Hong Kong has a tax arrangement with China that provides for a 5% withholding tax on dividends subject to certain conditions and requirements, such as the requirements that the Hong Kong enterprise owns at least 25% of the PRC enterprise distributing the dividend at all times within the 12-month period immediately preceding the distribution of dividends and provides that the recipient can demonstrate it is a Hong Kong tax resident and it is the beneficial owner of the dividends. The PRC government adopted regulations in 2018 which stipulate that in determining whether a non-resident enterprise has the status as a beneficial owner, comprehensive analysis shall be conducted based on the factors listed therein and the actual circumstances of the specific case shall be taken into consideration. Specifically, it expressly excludes an agent or a designated payee from being considered as a "beneficial owner". We own our PRC subsidiaries through China Net HK. China Net HK currently does not hold a Hong Kong tax resident certificate from the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, there is no assurance that the reduced withholding tax rate will be available for us. If China Net HK is not considered to be the "beneficial owner" of the dividends by the Chinese local tax authority, any dividends paid to it by our PRC subsidiaries would be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%.

There are no restrictions for the consolidated VIEs to settle the amounts owed under the VIE agreements to our WFOE. However, arrangements and transactions among affiliated entities may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. If at any time the VIE agreements and the related fee structure between the consolidated VIEs and our WFOE is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities, the consolidated VIEs could, as a matter of last resort, make a non-deductible transfer to our WFOE for the amounts owed under the VIE agreements. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for the consolidated VIEs but still taxable income for our WFOE. If this happens, it may increase our tax burden and reduce our after-tax income in the PRC, and may materially and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to the holding company. Our management is of the view that the likelihood that this scenario would happen is remote. To date, the VIEs have settled to our WFOE the amount owed under the VIE agreements of RMB15.25 million (approximately US$2.27 million) in the aggregate.

Our PRC subsidiaries generate all of their revenue in Renminbi, Renminbi is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends/make distributions to us. The Chinese government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Shortages in availability of foreign currency may then restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to us for us to pay dividends to the U.S. investors. Renminbi is currently convertible under the "current account," which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the "capital account," which includes foreign direct investment and foreign debt. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries may purchase foreign currency for settlement of current account transactions, including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of China (the "SAFE") by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant Chinese governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. The Chinese government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and additional restrictions and substantial vetting processes may be instituted by the SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to pay dividends in foreign currencies to holders of our securities. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, the SAFE and other relevant Chinese governmental authorities. This could affect our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our PRC subsidiaries.

To date, none of our subsidiaries has made any distribution of earnings or issued any dividends to their respective shareholder in or outside of China, or to the Nevada holding company, and the Nevada holding company has never declared or paid any cash dividends to U.S. investors.

We do not have any present plan to make any distribution of earnings/issue any dividends directly or indirectly to our Nevada holding company or pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future because we currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

Cash Flow Analysis for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand and deposits held at call with banks. We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$1.12 million.

Our liquidity needs include (i) net cash used in operating activities that consists of (a) cash required to fund the initial build-out, continued expansion of our network and new services and (b) our working capital needs, which include deposits and advance payments to search engine resources and other advertising resources providers, payment of our operating expenses and financing of our accounts receivable; and (ii) net cash used in investing activities that consist of the investment to expand technologies related to our existing and future business activities, investment to enhance the functionality of our current advertising portals for providing advertising, marketing and data services and to secure the safety of our general network, and investment to establish joint ventures with strategic partners for the development of new technologies and services. To date, we have financed our liquidity needs primarily through proceeds we generated from financing activities.

The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for the periods indicated:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		Amounts in thousands of US dollars
Net cash used in operating activities		$	(1,228	)		$	(1,536	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities			645				(1,499	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			876				-
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes			13				(42	)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		$	306			$	(3,077	)

Net cash used in operating activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our net cash used in operating activities of approximately US$1.23 million were primarily attributable to:

(1)

net loss excluding approximately US$0.71 million of non-cash expenses of depreciation and amortizations, approximately US$0.02 million amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, approximately US$1.64 million of share-based compensation expenses, approximately US$0.02 million of gain on disposal of subsidiaries, approximately US$0.002 million impairment on long-term investments, approximately US$0.003 million loss on disposal of fixed assets, approximately US$0.77 million allowance for credit losses, approximately US$0.004 million deferred tax benefit and approximately US$0.23 million non-operating income, yielded the non-cash, non-operating items excluded net loss of approximately US$0.10 million.

(2)

the receipt of cash from operations from changes in operating assets and liabilities such as:

-

accounts payable increased by approximately US$0.30 million; and

-

other current liabilities and taxes payable increased by approximately US$0.39 million.

(3)

offset by the use from operations from changes in operating assets and liabilities such as:

-

accounts receivable increased by approximately US$1.43 million;

-

prepayment and deposit to suppliers increased by approximately US$0.02 million;

-

Advances from customers decreased by approximately US$0.09 million; and

-

accruals and operating lease liabilities decreased by approximately US$0.02 million in the aggregate, due to settlement of these operating liabilities during the period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our net cash used in operating activities of approximately US$1.54 million were primarily attributable to:

(4)

net loss excluding approximately US$0.97 million of non-cash expenses of depreciation and amortizations; approximately US$0.31 million amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, approximately US$0.10 million share-based compensation, approximately US$0.19 million gain from change in fair value of warrant liabilities, approximately US$1.35 million allowance for credit losses, approximately US$0.01million loss on disposal of fixed assets and approximately US$0.23 million non-operating income, yielded the non-cash, non-operating items excluded net loss of approximately US$1.55 million.

(5)

the receipt of cash from operations from changes in operating assets and liabilities such as:

-

accounts receivable decreased by approximately US$0.66 million, primarily due to collections from two major clients during the period; and

-

advance from customers increased by approximately US$0.43 million.

(6)

offset by the use from operations from changes in operating assets and liabilities such as:

-

prepayment and deposit to suppliers increased by approximately US$0.39 million;

-

account payables decreased by approximately US$0.003 million;

-

the other current liabilities and taxes payables decreased by approximately US$0.08 million; and

-

accruals, operating lease liabilities and short-term lease payment payables decreased by approximately US$0.60 million in the aggregate, due to the settlement of these operating liabilities during the period.

Net cash used in investing activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, (1) we purchased office equipment of approximately US$0.003 million; (2) we made an additional investment of approximately US$0.002 million to one of our unconsolidated investee entities; (3) we collected US$0.49 million in short-term loan principal from short-term loans we provided to unrelated parties in previous periods; (4) we received total interest payment of approximately US$0.41 million, which was attributable to short-term loans we provided to unrelated parties in previous periods; (5) we received approximately US$0.15 million in proceeds from the disposal of long-term investments; (6) we acquired cash of approximately US$0.009 million through the acquisition of a 51% equity interest in Beijing Yi En; (7) we recognized deconsolidation of cash during the period of US$0.006 million; and (8) we made deposits on investment contracts of approximately US$0.40 million. In the aggregate, these transactions resulted in a net cash inflow from investing activities of approximately US$0.65 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, (1) we provided to an unrelated party a short-term loan of US$2.0 million. The loan is unsecured and bears a fixed annualized interest rate of 12%. The original maturity date of this loan was July 17, 2023. On July 1, 2023, we extended the term of this loan for a six-month period to January 18, 2024; (2) we collected an US$0.10 million short-term loan, which was provided to another unrelated party in April 2022; (3) we received a total interest income of approximately US$0.07 million, which was attributable to short-term loans we provided to unrelated parties in previous periods; (4) we made an additional investment of approximately US$0.04 million to one of our unconsolidated investee entities; (5) we received an approximately US$0.43 million proceeds from the disposal of our equity interest in another unconsolidated investee entity to an unrelated party; and (6) we made an deposit of approximately US0.05 million for equipment purchase. In the aggregate, these transactions resulted in a net cash outflow from investing activities of approximately US$1.50 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Net cash provided by financing activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, (1) we received an advance from investors of approximately US$0.81 million; and (2) we recognized capital contribution from noncontrolling interests of approximately US$0.07 million. In contrast, no cash was provided by or used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Future Liquidity, Material Cash Requirements and Capital Resources

Our future short-term liquidity needs within 12 months from the date hereof primarily include deposits and advance payments required for the purchase of search engine marketing resources and other online marketing resources to be distributed to our customers and payments for our operating expenses, which mainly consist of office rentals and employee salary and benefit.

In addition, in order to further develop our core business, i.e., our internet advertising and related data service business, broaden and diversify the online marketing channels for customers, reinforce our industry competitive advantage and secure our client base, we are actively seeking target companies with complementary online marketing resources for acquisition and/or joint ventures cooperation. It is not yet certain when the potential acquisition and/or cooperation will be consummated and what form(s) of consideration will be transferred by us. If this transaction were to be consummated, it will materially decrease our liquidity in the short run when the cash consideration, if any, is transferred. However, upon consummation of the acquisition, operating profits and new cash inflow may be generated from the acquired subsidiary, which may also help to improve the overall gross margin and cash flow status of our core business through the expected synergies of combining operations of the new acquired subsidiary and our own. Except this, we do not have other material non-operational cash requirements within 12 months from the date hereof.

We plan to optimize our internet resources cost investment strategy to improve the gross profit margin of our core business. Additionally, we will focus on improving accounts receivables collection management and negotiating better payment terms with major suppliers. These efforts are expected to substantially boost our cash flows from operations. In addition, to further improve our liquidity, we plan to reduce our operating costs through optimizing the personnel structure among different offices, and reduce our office leasing spaces, if needed. Beginning in early 2022, we began offering our SaaS services to customers. Our SaaS services are provided based on technologies of our self-developed Blockchain Integrated Framework ("BIF") platform, which allows clients to utilize the BIF platform as an enterprise management software to record, share and store operating data on-chain, and/or to generate unique designed Non-fungible Token ("NFTs") for their intellectual properties and certificates. Although revenues from the new SaaS services business and its profitability have not met our expectations, we anticipate that it will generate positive cash flow and improve our liquidity. This is because these services leverage our self-developed software platform, which does not require significant cash outflow to third-party service providers.

In addition, for the next 12 months from the date hereof, we anticipate to generate additional cash inflows and/or improve our liquidity through the following: (1) our current outstanding short-term working capital loans provided to unrelated parties will mature within the next 12 months that we anticipate collecting these loan principals and the related interest income within the next 12 months; (2) if at any time we anticipate insufficiency of our working capital, we can apply for revolving credit facility from commercial banks in the PRC to supplement our short-term liquidity deficit. We have not experienced any difficulties in obtaining such credit facility before, and this could result in fixed obligations and incremental cost of interest; (3) in consideration of the long-term cooperation history and good track records with our major suppliers, we plan to negotiate with our suppliers for more favorable payment terms; and (4) we plan to reduce our operating costs through optimizing the personnel structure among different offices and reduce our office leasing spaces, if needed. This may incur incremental costs related to employee layoff compensation and contract termination penalty.

If we fail to achieve these goals, we may need additional financing to execute our business plan. If additional financing is required, we cannot predict whether this additional financing will be in the form of equity, debt, or another form, and we may not be able to obtain the necessary additional capital on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. In the event that financing sources are not available, or that we are unsuccessful in increasing our gross profit margin and reducing operating losses, we may be unable to implement our current plans for expansion, repay debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business over a reasonable period of time. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our uncertain ability to increase gross profit margin and reduce operating loss from our core business and/or obtain additional equity and/or debt financing. The accompanying financial statements as of September 30, 2024 do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to liquidate our assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on the financial statements.

In the long term, beyond the next 12 months, we plan to further broaden the application scenarios of our blockchain-based SaaS services to be offered to the customers, continue expanding our core Internet advertising and marketing business through acquisitions, and develop Internet advertising and marketing channels that target overseas Internet users. As such, we may decide to enhance our liquidity position or increase our cash reserve for future investments through additional equity financing in the U.S. capital market. This would result in further dilution to our shareholders. We cannot assure you that such financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

C. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

D. Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

In June 2023, we acquired a 9.9% equity interest in Wuhan Ju Liang, through subscription of a RMB0.99 million (approximately US$0.14 million) in registered capital of the entity in cash, which amount was committed to be paid up before August 1, 2052.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that during the period covered by this report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter of 2024 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are currently not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal or administrative proceedings against us in all material aspects. We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

This information has been omitted based on the Company's status as a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index below are provided as part of this report.

Exhibit No.		Document Description
31.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2		Certification of the Principal Accounting and Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and of the Principal Accounting and Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
101		The following materials are filed herewith: (i) Inline XBRL Instance, (ii) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema, (iii) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation, (iv) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels, (v) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation, and (vi) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	ZW DATA ACTION TECHNOLOGIES INC.
Date: November 19, 2024	By:	/s/ Handong Cheng
	Name: Handong Cheng
	Title: Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)