Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled "Material U.S. Federal Income TaxConsequences" in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. The following discussion, when read in combination withthat section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax
counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal incometax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Based oncurrent market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counselit is reasonable to treat the notes as "open transactions"
that are not debt instrumentsfor U.S. federal income tax purposes, as more fully described in "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences- Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders-Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments" in the
accompanying product supplement.Assuming this treatment is respected, the gainor loss on your notes should be treated aslong-
termcapitalgain or loss if youhold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of notes at the issue
price. However, the IRS or acourt may not respect this treatment, in which casethetiming andcharacter of any income or losson the
notes could be materiallyandadversely affected. Inaddition, in 2007Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on
the U.S. federal income taxtreatment of "prepaidforwardcontracts" and similar instruments.Thenotice focuses in particular on
whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a
number of related topics, includingthecharacter of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as
the natureof the underlying property to which the instruments arelinked; the degree, if any, to which income (including anymandated
accruals) realizedby non-U.S. investorsshouldbe subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject
to the"constructive ownership" regime, which very generallycan operate to recharacterizecertain long-termcapital gainas ordinary
income and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requestscomments onappropriate transition rulesand effectivedates,
any Treasury regulations or other guidancepromulgated after consideration of theseissues couldmateriallyandadversely affect the
taxconsequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. Youshould consult your taxadviser regardingthe
U.S. federal incometax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issuespresented
by thisnotice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder ("Section 871(m)") generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unlessan income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalentspaid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indicesthat meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations.Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes fromthescopeof Section 871(m) instruments issuedprior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividendsfor U.S. federal
income taxpurposes (each an "Underlying Security"). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will
not apply tothenotes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, andthe IRS may disagree with
thisdetermination. Section871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you
enter intoother transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application
of Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You shouldconsult your taxadviser regarding the potential
application of Section 871(m)to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement isequal to thesum of thevalues of thefollowing
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component withthesame maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlyingthe economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondarymarket (if anyexists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instrumentsof asimilar maturityissued by JPMorganChase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
maybe based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoingliability management costs of the notes in comparisonto those costs for the conventional fixed income
instrumentsof JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which mayprove
to beincorrect, and is intended to approximatethe prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and anypotential changes to that ratemay have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additionalinformation, see "Selected Risk Considerations- Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Pricesof the Notes -The Estimated Value of the NotesIs Derived by Reference to anInternalFunding Rate" in this
pricingsupplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing modelsof our
affiliates. These modelsare dependent on inputssuch as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on