09/25/2024 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 09/25/2024 03:21
Research Highlights:
Embargoed until 4 a.m. CT/5 a.m. ET Wednesday, Sept. 25, 2024
DALLAS, Sept. 25, 2024 - Having a high body roundness index (BRI) over a 6-year period was associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease for adults older than age 45, according to new research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open access, peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association. Previous research has indicated that BRI, a measure to reflect abdominal fat and body shape, may be helpful to predict CVD risk.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with almost 20 million deaths annually, according to the American Heart Association's Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2024 Update. Obesity is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and previous research has indicated that abdominal obesity may be a stronger risk factor for cardiovascular disease than general obesity.
BRI is an abdominal obesity-related index that combines waist circumference and height, reflecting the proportion of abdominal and visceral fat. In contrast, body mass index (BMI) only measures weight in relationship to height. Previous research has suggested that BRI is a valuable predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, and BRI may help determine the presence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
In this study, researchers evaluated the association of BRI with cardiovascular disease among participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative study of middle-aged and older adults in China.
"This is the first large study to evaluate BRI over time and how it may be associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older Chinese adults," said senior study author Yun Qian, M.D., Ph.D., a researcher in the department of chronic non-communicable disease control at Nanjing Medical University's Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Nanjing, China.
Researchers analyzed BRI measurements from 2011 to 2016 and detailed the trajectory of BRI levels of the study participants. Rather than relying on a single measurement of the body roundness index, they analyzed trajectories of change in BRI over time, providing a comprehensive understanding of how the levels fluctuated in the study participants. Individuals who shared similar BRI trajectories were assigned to groups. Researchers then compared BRI trajectories for three groups: the low-stable BRI trajectory group, the moderate-stable BRI trajectory group and the high-stable BRI trajectory group.
The analysis determined that higher BRI trajectories were significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, and with increasing and persistently higher BRI measurements, a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke or cardiac events was evident, independent of the participants' age, sex or other variables. During the last four years of the follow-up period, from 2017 to 2020, there were 3,052 cardiovascular events recorded and 894 cardiovascular deaths.
The researchers found:
"Our findings indicate that 6 years of moderate-to-high stable BRI appeared to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, suggesting that BRI measurements may potentially be used as a predictive factor for cardiovascular disease incidence," Qian said. "This could be explained by the correlation between obesity and hypertension, high cholesterol and Type 2 diabetes, all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Obesity has also been shown to lead to inflammation and other mechanisms in the body that can affect the heart and cardiac functioning. More research is needed to confirm and fully understand how these results might be used to prevent cardiovascular disease."
Study design, background and details:
The study had some limitations, including that it was specific to adults living in China, meaning the results may not be generalizable to people living in other countries. The follow-up period of the study was six years, which may be too brief to assess changes in BRI measurements. Additionally, the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was based upon information from participants rather than medical records, which may have included information bias or errors.
Co-authors, disclosures and funding sources are listed in the manuscript.
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