Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences" in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. The following discussion, when read in combination withthat section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax
counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal incometax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Based oncurrent market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counselit is reasonable to treat the notes as "open transactions"
that are not debt instrumentsfor U.S. federal income tax purposes, asmorefully described in "Material U.S. FederalIncome Tax
Consequences -Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders -Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments" in the
accompanying product supplement.Assuming this treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated aslong-
termcapital gain or loss if youhold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you arean initial purchaser of notes at the issue
price. However, the IRS or acourt may not respect this treatment, in which casethetiming andcharacter of any income or lossonthe
notes could be materiallyandadversely affected. Inaddition, in 2007Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on
the U.S. federal income taxtreatment of "prepaidforwardcontracts" and similar instruments.Thenotice focuses in particular on
whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a
number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as
the natureof the underlying property to which the instruments arelinked; the degree, if any, to which income (including anymandated
accruals) realizedbynon-U.S. investors should besubject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject
to the"constructive ownership" regime, which very generallycan operate to recharacterizecertain long-termcapital gainas ordinary
income and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requestscomments on appropriate transition rulesand effectivedates,
any Treasury regulations or other guidancepromulgated after consideration of theseissues couldmateriallyandadversely affect the
taxconsequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. Youshould consult your taxadviser regardingthe
U.S. federal incometax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issuespresented
by thisnotice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder ("Section 871(m)") generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unlessan income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalentspaid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked toU.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes fromthescopeof Section 871(m) instruments issued prior toJanuary
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income taxpurposes (each an "Underlying Security"). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will
not apply tothenotes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, andthe IRS may disagree with
thisdetermination. Section871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you
enter intoother transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regardingthepotential application
of Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You shouldconsult your taxadviser regarding the potential
application of Section 871(m) to thenotes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to thesum of the values of thefollowing
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturityasthe notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlyingtheeconomic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondarymarket (if anyexists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instrumentsof asimilar maturityissued by JPMorganChase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
maybe based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoingliability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instrumentsof JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which mayprove
to beincorrect, and is intended to approximatetheprevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and anypotential changes to that ratemay have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see "Selected Risk Considerations - Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Pricesof the Notes -The Estimated Value of the NotesIs Derived by Reference to anInternalFunding Rate" in this
pricingsupplement.
The value of the derivative or derivativesunderlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing modelsof our
affiliates. These modelsare dependent on inputssuch as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instrumentsand on